Category vapor deposition is very wide, generally refers to a gas phase source material under conditions in which aggregation to the target substrate. Producing a tungsten oxide, typically by physical vapor deposition (PVD). PVD method can be directly used as the source of tungsten oxide, tungsten oxide, sublimation deposition method with high energy evaporation, such as ion bombardment, heating, ion beam, laser radiation and the like. By controlling parameters, can be achieved nano-sized crystals, the formation of morphology, a tungsten source is not necessarily the tungsten oxide, may also be a powder or a filamentous tungsten simple substance, additionally must introduce oxygen or other oxidizing agents to form the WO3 the gas phase. In many cases, PVD method build is WOx instead WO3, color deposits usually can calculate the stoichiometric ratio, usually black film was formed deletion WOx material are formed by means of the oxygen atom; translucent dark blue color film is formed WOx (x = 2.7); yellow-green is a description of the formation of the WOx. Typically, the heat treatment can be controlled by the oxygen content in the resultant crystal phase composition and the stoichiometric ratio. Vapor-phase synthesis commonly used sputtering, vapor evaporation and some other PVD method.

Sputtering target is bombarded with high-energy particles produced atomic film growth method, the advantage is controllable, growing out of the crystal structure of the film has good controllability. A sputtering method is easier to control, can achieve rolling production in mass production, and therefore, in the industrial production of the tungsten oxide, the sputtering method has a very wide range of applications.

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The physical characterization of surface area, micropore volume, micropore size distribution , mesopore volume, average po re diameter and fractal dimensions of four tungsten oxides of AT B (ammonium tungsten bronze ,(NH4)0 .5W O3), HTB(hydrogen tungsten bronze, H0 .33WO3), TVO (violet tungsten oxide, W18O49)and TBO (tungsten blue oxide , W O3+WO2 .9)were evaluated from analysis of nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm data. The results suggested that in this study T VO with the largest mesopore volume , the smallest micropore volume , the narrowest micropo re size distribution , the lowest fractal dimension value and the biggest average pore diameter was adv antageous for hydrogen reduction during fine tungsten powder production process and disadvantageous for doping process; HTB with the largest micropore volume, the widest micropore size distribution, the highest fractal dimension value and the smallest average po re diameter w as favorable for doping process , and characterization properties o f ATB and TBO in this investigation were just between TVO′s and HTB′s. Results showed that it was a preferable method to investigate the physical characterization of oxides by using adsorption desorption isotherms in this study and the physical characterization of tungsten oxides should be taken into account before they w ere used in reduction or doping process.

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Tungsten oxide (WOx) is a widely used transition metal oxides, tungsten oxide research people can be traced back to the 17th century, when some people study the properties of LiWO3, WO3 and synthetic NaWO3 and other content. With the development of nanotechnology, the preparation and analysis of tungsten oxide nanostructures are also more and more attention. Tungsten oxide nanostructures can significantly improve the performance of this important functional material, and given relative to the non-state in terms of the unique properties of nano, including:

(1) Increaseing the area / volume ratio, thereby providing more surface area for physical and chemical reactions; (2) significantly change the surface energy of the tungsten oxide, thereby changing the structure of the material surface bonded to different atoms;

(3) Quantum confinement effect, inherent nanostructured materials can significantly affect small charge transfer bandwidth and optical properties.

Tungsten oxide nanostructures with special versatility and unique properties, in many areas of condensed matter physics, solid state chemistry, where is a versatile metal oxides are studied in depth. Electrochromic applications, compared to TiO2, ZnO, NiO, etc., more in-depth study of tungsten oxide; in photocatalysis and sensors, tungsten oxide nanostructures is also of concern; research in solar cells, nano tungsten oxide Full oxidized form, tungsten oxide, although not as extensive as TiO2 and ZnO by in-depth research, but due to have similar features, but also cause for great concern. In recent years, some people will nanostructured tungsten oxide material supercapacitor electrode material for research, access to high performance super capacitor.

China has a very rich tungsten ore reserves, the development of high performance tungsten oxide material, with considerable significance.

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Industrial blue tungsten oxide blue tungsten oxide is a powder mixture by a variety of tungsten compounds. Money is generally made of tungsten bronze, hydrogen tungsten bronze, tungsten trioxide, B-oxide (WO2.9) and y- tungsten oxide (WO2.272) mixing the composition, its apparent color when the oxygen index (O/W) from 2.27 to 3.0 continuous change to yellow and purple. It is gradually replacing the traditional yellow WO3 tungstate and tungsten become an important intermediate compounds. Blue tungsten oxide production, the industry is generally used four muffle furnace and rotary tube furnace under a protective atmosphere or confined conditions, ammonium paratungstate generate blue tungsten oxide to 060 ~ 90C temperature calcination.

Tungsten powder particle size is obtained by reduction 3 ~ 03um. Its color varies with the thickness of the particle size, the finer the powder particles, the darker the color. Coarse-grained tungsten powder is gray and has a metallic luster highlights; grayish black medium-grained tungsten powder; ultrafine tungsten powder dark black. Surfactant fine tungsten powder particles is large, exposed to the air it is easy to absorb moisture and surface oxidation. Ultrafine particles of tungsten powder needle without purification apt "spontaneous combustion" phenomenon jacket into tungsten trioxide produced tungsten metal powder reduction method using blue (yellow) color made of tungsten oxide, tungsten powder. Industrial value of the metal tungsten powder reduction method has four kinds: carbon reduction, carbon-containing gas reduction, decomposition of ammonia reduction and hydrogen reduction method, the most widely used method for hydrogen reduction.

Tungsten carbide powder and carbon can form two carbide, tungsten carbide that (WC) and two tungsten carbide (W2C). Tungsten carbide powder is one of the main raw material of cemented carbide, which is a high melting point, high hardness of the refractory metal carbide powder. Color with refined grains and deepened, fine particles of tungsten carbide powder was black. Production of tungsten carbide powder, tungsten carbide powder is a refractory metal carbide powder, its production in many ways, the value of industrial solid carbon carbonization, carbon-containing gas carbonation, casting carbonization, wider application of solid carbon carbonized method.

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1. The name of the product design: Tungsten sinkers (fishing sinkers -3 prism type).

2. The use of product design: fishing gear. Design elements

3. The design: product modeling.

4. The best show design elements or photographs: the main view.

5. rear view and front view of the symmetry, after omitting view.

6. The left view and right view of symmetry, a right side view is omitted.


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Purple tungsten furnace temperature control is one with a pure delay, inertia, time-varying and nonlinear characteristics in the process. Realize their intellectual control, to reduce power consumption, improve product quality, extend the life of purple tungsten furnace has a very important significance.

Purple tungsten furnace has three plus tropical, with each band by three triggers, SCR, heater, thermocouple temperature loop control circuit, the trigger signal is given by the fuzzy expert controller based on the results of intelligent control algorithm, The structure is basically the same and independent of each other, the temperature setpoint changes with slightly different processes.

Lower furnace, purple crystalline tungsten needle morphology presented; the higher the furnace, purple tungsten rod-like crystalline morphology is presented. By reduction test found that the use of purple crystalline tungsten needle preparation of tungsten powder finer, but with purple crystalline tungsten rod tungsten powder preparation phase. So in the production practice to produce more granular tungsten powder, must be adjusted through the process, the production of purple crystalline tungsten needle.

How many non-needle-shaped particles is generally used to measure the merits of purple tungsten products, APT size increased, ammonia flow rate increases, will cause an increase in non-needle purple particles of tungsten products, tungsten unity influence purple phase component; and appropriate to reduce calcination temperature, you can reduce the non-needle-shaped particles of tungsten products purple, offset the impact of these factors brought about; but drop too low, would affect the purple tungsten content, the product Pellet stove or knot. So purple tungsten furnace temperature is a very important process parameters can be used to make up and change the balance of other process parameters, so that product quality tungsten violet stabilized. Therefore, the temperature setting and monitoring, is the key to purple tungsten furnace process control.

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Purple tungsten furnace can be roughly divided into the following components: furnace, feeding mechanism, tube drive mechanism, unloading bodies aspirated and exhaust mechanism. The furnace is divided into three plus tropical, electric wire heating element is embedded in the electric panels, each with six electric panels connected to the Y-connection; feed mechanism driven by a screw feeder and electrical components, motor speed by frequency governor adjustment; tube driven by a motor and gear mechanism through sprockets, chain driven tube rotation speed of the motor by adjusting the frequency converter; unloading mechanism consists of two pneumatic valve form a discharge chamber by two Valve wheeled to aggregate and unloading, and to ensure that the furnace atmosphere and isolated; ammonia gas from the furnace into the furnace tube end, exhausted from the burner, intake manifold fitted with manual control valve trail and flow measurement instruments, the exhaust pipe connection to set water-sealed tank with liquid level alarm device.

Purple tungsten furnace temperature control is one with a pure delay, inertia, time-varying and nonlinear characteristics in the process. Realize their intellectual control, to reduce power consumption, improve product quality, extend the life of purple tungsten furnace has a very important significance.

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Carbide with high hardness, wear resistance, red hardness and high toughness, is an important tool and structural materials. But it belongs to a brittle material, there is a contradiction between the hardness and strength: the lower the intensity of high hardness; hardness and high strength is low. Conventional WC-based cemented carbide tools and materials can not meet the needs of modern industrial development, which requires the development of a high hardness, high strength and high wear resistance carbide. Carbide grain refinement and development of submicron or micron carbide can solve this problem.

Carbide grain size depends on the size of a WC grain, and difficult to produce sub-micron or micron WC is great, and in turn depends on the size of a WC grain size of tungsten powder particles. It can be seen, tungsten powder fineness and uniformity become prepare submicron or micron carbide key. There are reports of phase relative to a single component of tungsten oxide can be produced submicron or micron W and WC powder. The cyclic redox method for preparing submicron W powder processes. This method compared with the method for preparing submicron W powder at home and abroad are currently having on the process route is simple and easy, easy to control the process parameters, equipment and simple.

Purple tungsten through three successive cycles reduction, reduction process for the area temperature is 640 ℃, the second with a temperature of 760 ℃, three with a temperature of 860 ℃, for 20min when the temperature reaches 860 ℃; twice oxide, process as follows: tungsten powder slowly heating in air to 500 ℃ oxidized, for 10min when the temperature reaches 500 ℃, can be prepared in a particle size distribution between 0.11 and 0.95μm accounted for 93.68%, the specific surface area (BET) of 1.082m2 • g-1 of submicron tungsten powder.

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There are four general tungsten oxide, tungsten oxide, yellow, blue tungsten oxide, purple tungsten oxide, brown tungsten oxide. Purple tungsten oxide morphology is specific, by APT pseudo crystalline whisker-like needles formed, and blue tungsten oxide, their morphology similar with APT.

How to judge the quality of purple tungsten oxide, is a producer of research and concern; and also users of concern and must be mastered, because it directly affects the tungsten powder, tungsten carbide powder production and quality, the original purple and blue detect tungsten tungsten, yellow tungsten project the same, but the oxygen index, surface area, the proportion of false results differ. Later researchers have proposed the use of phase composition or scanning electron microscopy methods to detect and control, namely WO2.72 phase ≧ 98% or electron microscopy to detect non-needle control the number of particles (particles no needle required) these detection methods cumbersome testing costs are high, even sometimes fail to control the quality of the results. Colorimetry is a more direct control and monitoring of the quality of tungsten purple method using tungsten unique color purple, violet to several types of standard samples made of tungsten, the reference color, determine its quality. According to the producers to determine its color quality and control of purple violet tungsten tungsten production status are also available. Assay is easier detecte purple tungsten oxide quality, saving time and cost.

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1. The name of the product design: Tungsten sinkers (flying fish type).

2. The use of product design: fishing gear. Design elements

3. The design: product modeling.

4. The best show design elements or photographs: the main view.

5. rear view and front view of the symmetry, after omitting view.

6. The bottom view and a plan view of symmetry, a bottom is omitted in Fig.




Tungsten Powder Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-powder.com
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