White LED is a new solid-state lighting electric light source (SSL). Its principle and structure are different from those of previous vacuum electric light sources such as incandescent lamp and fluorescent lamp. SSL light source has many advantages, especially high light efficiency, energy saving, long life and pollution-free. Its application value and prospects are very promising. It has attracted the attention of many governments, scientific and technological circles and industrial circles, formulated development plans and injected heavy funds into development.

Superhard tungsten steel piercing needle refers to the wear-resistant tungsten steel products made of rare metal TiC and TaC which can significantly improve the high-temperature strength, high-temperature hardness and oxidation resistance of tungsten steel alloys. This kind of superhard material can keep almost unchanged at 600 ~℃, and still has a high hardness at 1100 ~℃, which is more than 10 times higher than that of ordinary tungsten steel matrix. It has great prospects to make wear-resistant, heat-resistant and efficient perforating needles of superhard tungsten steel with this material. The preparation process of superhard tungsten steel perforating needle includes:

The photoelectric properties of bismuth tungstate are severely limited by its low quantum efficiency. Therefore, the study of bismuth tungstate composites is an effective way to improve the photoelectric properties. The common practice is to dope materials with complementary effects.

Nano-semiconductor materials have been widely studied and applied due to their excellent properties such as quantum size effect, surface effect and unique optical properties. Tungstate, as an important oxide semiconductor, has been widely studied and applied in recent years.

At present, silver-tungsten electrical contact alloys have been widely used as contact materials in low-voltage electrical appliances due to their excellent wear resistance, welding resistance and arc erosion resistance.

Tungsten oxide is a transition metal oxide widely studied because of its unique properties. It has been widely used in electrochromic devices, sensors, separation materials and so on. In recent years, great progress has been made in the synthesis of nanoparticles, and the focus of research has shifted to the study of anisotropic nanoparticles.

Nitrogen oxides (NO_x) are known to be harmful to the environment. It is necessary to process gases containing these oxides or gases originating from motor vehicles or fixed engines to convert them into nitrogen. One known treatment is SCR selective reduction.

Building energy consumption generally accounts for more than one third of the total social energy consumption. At the same time, building energy contributes up to 25% of the world's greenhouse gas emissions, and is one of the major greenhouse gas emission reduction households. Glass windows are the main channel for building to exchange light and heat with the outside world, and 50% of building energy consumption is carried out through glass windows. The heat absorption of building exterior walls also aggravates the phenomenon of heat island in urban center.

Tungsten oxide film is a widely studied functional material. It has excellent short-wavelength transmission, and the forbidden band width is easily adjusted by doping. Through ion implantation, ultraviolet photon irradiation, and gas molecule adsorption, its optical and electrical properties will change significantly, so it is displayed on optical glass and flat panel. There are wide application prospects in the fields of photoelectric conversion, electrochromism and photochromism.

Oxidation of tungsten disulfide refers to the process in which tungsten disulfide reacts with oxygen to produce sulfur dioxide and tungsten trioxide when heated in air. As one product of the oxidation, tungsten trioxide can form a protective film during the lubrication process so as to reduce the wear of the metal surface.

Oxidation is a chemical reaction between a substance and oxygen. Slow reaction of substance and oxygen is called eremacausis while the intense oxidation is called burning.

When heated in air, tungsten disulfide reacts with oxygen to form sulfur dioxide and tungsten trioxide. Its initial rate of slow oxidation is 460°C, and the initial rate of fast oxidation is 802°C. At 427°C, it starts to lose sulfur. The oxidation of tungsten disulfide is affected by temperature and particle size. The higher temperature and the smaller tungsten disulfide particles lead to the more intense reaction.

There are two products of the oxidation of tungsten disulfide:

1.Sulfur dioxide

Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) is colorless transparent gas with a pungent smell. It is soluble in water, ethanol and ether. It has a property of bleaching and is often used to bleach pulp, wool as well as silk. As it can inhibit the growth of mold and bacteria, it is usually used as a preservative.

However, sulfur dioxide is one of the major pollutants in the atmosphere. It is produced by the burning of traditional fuels such as coal and oil. With the dissolution and oxidation, it can form sulfuric acid (the main component of acid rain), doing harm to the environment.

2.Tungsten trioxide

Tungsten trioxide (WO₃) is yellow powder, being insoluble in water, being soluble in alkali and being slightly soluble in acid. It is used for making tungsten wires, fireproof materials and alloys with high melting points.

During the lubrication, tungsten trioxide is formed by the slow oxidation of tungsten disulfide under high temperature. As a protective film, tungsten trioxide can inhibit the further oxidation and prevent the fast loss of tungsten disulfide. At the same time, it can protect the surface of metal with its low friction coefficient.