Electrochromism of nanotungsten oxide is an electron injection effect. Oxygen ions have a conductive effect in nano-tungsten oxide. When an oxygen ion near the negative electrode leaves the original position, the corresponding tungsten ion becomes a highly active ion.

Both tantalum and tantalum doped tungsten oxide ceramics have relatively high dielectric constants. It is generally believed that there is a high-resistance insulating layer between the crystal grains and grains of these oxide ceramics, that is, a so-called grain boundary layer barrier capacitor, and therefore has a high dielectric constant.

To use tungsten oxide as a low-voltage capacitor-varistor material in practice, it is necessary to solve the problem of its electrical stability. Previous research shows that the electrical properties of tungsten trioxide are not stable. In the case of high electric fields, there is a serious problem of electrical degradation. The current decays with time under constant voltage and there is a serious hysteresis. Obstructed its application as a varistor material in practice.

Due to the excellent properties of diamond, tungsten oxide can be deposited on a p-type diamond substrate. A pn-type heterojunction can be obtained, and its electrical properties and photocatalytic properties are thoroughly studied. This direction has important value and significance and has become a research hotspot in the world.

Rare earth doping is a new method to improve the performance of tungsten oxide. It has a wide range of development prospects in the fields of manufacturing, industrial and other applications. The simple rare-earth doping can make the preparation process of tungsten oxide with good pressure-sensitive properties become simple, and the simplification of its phase structure can more easily analyze the physical mechanism of its electrical properties.

The use of the electrochromic effect of tungsten oxide makes it possible to use it as a thermal control coating material in spacecraft. Miniature aircraft have the problems of fewer use times, fewer heat sources, and smaller volumes. Therefore, a simple and easy-to-use thermal control method is required. Traditional active thermal control technologies, such as thermal control shutters, electric heaters, and heat pipes, add extra weight, volume, electronics, and power consumption. The passive thermal control technology, such as surface coating, phase change materials, and its flexibility, the temperature adjustment accuracy cannot achieve satisfactory results.

The picture shows SEM images of sintered tungsten oxide ceramic samples with different concentrations of hafnium tetraoxide. The doped hafnium tetraoxide can significantly increase the crystal grain size of the ceramic, and the gap between the crystal grains is significantly reduced. It indicates that the doped hafnium tetraoxide contributes to the sintering of tungsten oxide ceramics.

Sintering in an oxygen-deficient atmosphere such as vacuum and nitrogen atmosphere produces a large amount of oxygen vacancies in the ceramic. However, due to the absence of oxygen atoms, the interplanar spacing increases, and the XRD diffraction peak of tungsten oxide shifts to a small angle corresponding to the angle. This may be the reason why the tungsten oxide ceramics coexist at a room temperature or coexist in two phases. In addition, the missing oxygen atoms are not replenished, so that grain growth and densification are suppressed. The tungsten oxide sintered in an oxygen-deficient atmosphere has a high electrical conductivity, and the electrical conductivity conforms to Ohm's law.