Tungsten carbide (chemical formula: WC) is a chemical compound (specifically, a carbite) containing equal parts of tungsten and carbon atoms. In its most basic form, tungsten carbide is a fine gray powder,but it can be pressed and formed into shapes for use in industrial, machinery, cutting tools, abrasives, armor-piecing rounds, other tools and instruments, and jewelry.Tungsten carbide button are also called tungsten carbide mining bits, tungsten carbide button bits or just tungsten carbide mining buttons, etc. They are made of cemented carbide, which is heat-resisting, good wearing resistance and corrosion-resisting so that it is the best choice among the users of coal cutter drilling, mining and road maintenance, etc. 

Most of this tungsten carbide wear parts and the mining tools are made of straight WC-Co hard metals without any addition of other carbides. Fine and ultrafine grained WC hard metals have become more and more significant today in the field of wearing parts, tools for chipless forming and cutting tools for cast iron, non ferrous alloys and wood.

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Tungsten carbide drill bits are made to be used on modern machining centers. These drill bits are manufactured with fine-grain carbide and titanium aluminum nitride coatings to provide long tool life. As self-centering drills, they have a specially designed edge that helps to control chips and chip evacuation in most materials. The self-centering geometry and fine tolerances of solid-carbide drills ensure quality holes without additional machining.

Tungsten carbide drills that have exchangeable tungsten carbide tips incorporate a steel body with the exchangeable tips that are known as crowns. These tools offer the precision of brazed drills, and offer increased productivity at reduced operating costs. The carbide crowns used with this new generation of drilling tools are available in precise size increments and have a self-centering geometry to produce close diameter tolerances. And they can be divided into some types, such as CP (flat button), CB (special wedge button), CS (spoon-like button), CE (wedge button). CZ (tapered button), CQ (spherical button).

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Tungsten carbide drills are widely used in some mining bits or blinder drills, which for coal cutter drilling, mining and road maintenance. In 1980s, China has focused on the research and development of tungsten carbide buttons. Since the late of 1990’s, tungsten carbide button are making great progress in quality and quantities in China. And the large-scale manufactures has been arising in some place, such as Lianhuashan, Sanshan, etc. In addition, with the multi-functional development of blinder drills, and the new equipments and technology foreign enterprise bring, the requirement of tungsten carbide button related will be increasing.

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Though some materials such as carbon steel or stainless steel, as well as in situations where other tools would wear away, such as high-quantity production run. Most of the time, carbide will leave a better finish on the part, and allow faster machining. In addition, Carbide tools can also wear high temperature than standard high speed steel tools.

Cemented carbides are composed of metal matrix composite where carbide particles act as the aggregate and a metallic binder serves as the matrix. The process of combining the carbide particles with the blinder is referred to as sintering or hot isostatic pressing (HIP). During this process the blinder eventually will be entering the liquid stage and carbide grains remain in the solid stage. As a result of this process the blinder is cementing the carbide grains and thereby creates the metal matrix composite with its distinct material.

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Phosphotungstic sodium is a white fine crystal and English alias is phosphowolframate. Its physical properties are as follows: chemical formula: Na3PO4.12WO3.xH2O, solubility: easily soluble in water, flammability: non-flammable, CAS registry number: 51312-42-6, UN registry number: 3086. Besides. phosohotungstate sodium has toxicity and oxidability, which is a strong oxidizing agent and oxidation will break down into phosphorus oxides and phosphine. And combustion will generate toxic sodium oxide and phosphorus oxide. Therefore it should be sealed and stored in a dry place and to avoid fire sources. On the other hand its has some irritation for people, but also have a certain impact on the environment and water bodies, and therefore the operating staff to be equipped with certain security measures, and not emission the material into water to cause pollution. Phosphorus tungstate is mainly used in the produce pigment and used as alkaloids, uric acid and potassium assay reagents.
Sodium phosphate tungsten producing methods are as follows:
1. Putting disodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium tungstate dissolved in water, then adding concentrated hydrochloric acid after crystalline to obtain it.
2. Using tungsten acid and sodium dihydrogen phosphate as raw material by hydrothermal to produce.

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Cricket is a popular tungsten dart game rule, let’s learn the details about Cricket！

Number of Players: Two individual players or two teams.
 
Numbers in Play: 20,19,18,17,16,15, and bull's-eye.
 
The objective shall be to 'own'/'close' certain numbers on the dartboard, and to achieve the highest point score. The player/team to do so first, shall be the winner.
 
Each player/team shall take turns throwing. (Three darts in succession shall constitute a 'turn'/'Inning'.)
 
To close an inning, the player/team must score three of a number. This can be accomplished with three singles, a single and a double, or a triple.
 
Once a player/team scores three of a number, it is 'owned' by that player/team. Once both players/teams have scored three of a number, it is 'closed', and no further scoring can be accomplished on that number by either player/team.
 
To close the bull’s eye, the outer bull counts as a single, and the inner bull counts as a double.
 
Once a player/team closes an inning, he/they may score points on that number until the opponent also closes that inning. All numerical scores shall be added to the previous balance.
 
Numbers can be 'owned' or 'closed' in any order desired by the individual player/team. Calling your shot is not required.

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For the purpose of 'owning' a number, the double and triple ring shall count as 2 or 3, respectively. Three marks will close an inning.
 
After a number is 'owned' by a team, the double and triple ring shall count as 2 or 3 times the numerical values, respectively. Winning the game:
 
a. The player/team that closes all innings first and has the most
   points, shall be declared the winner.
b. If both sides are tied on points, or have no points, the first
   player/team to close all innings shall be the winner.
c. If a player/team closes all innings first, and is behind in points,
   he/they must continue to score on any innings not closed until
   either the point deficit is made up, or the opponent has closed
   all innings.
 
It shall be the responsibility of the player to verify his score before removing his darts from the dartboard. The score remains as written if one or more darts has been removed from the dartboard. In accordance with the inherent "strategy" involved in the Cricket game, no alterations in score shall be allowed, after the fact.

 

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Radiation is an effective tool within medicine for both diagnostics and treatment of patients. Techniques such as SPECT and PET utilise radioactive materials injected into the patient, which are then monitored by gamma cameras (SPECT) or scanners (PET) to detect the presence of tumours in the body. Due to tungsten has high density, excellent radiation attenuation properties, and environmental friendly, it is widely used to produce tungsten PET syringe shield.

Tungsten PET syringe shield magnetically docks with the PET dispensing pig. Designed to accept 3cc and 5cc B-D syringes, tungsten syringe shield places the needle inside the vial septum when engaged; the external calibration rod allows the precise volume to be withdrawn without a leaded glass viewing port, where high exposure levels cannot be adequately shielded.

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Tungsten multileaf collimator (MCL) consists of dozens of independently moving tungsten slats, or tungsten leaves, which can collimate the beam into nearly arbitrary shapes. Multileaf collimators were first introduced in the 1960's in Japan as a means of replacing conventional blocks in 3D conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT). Today tungsten multileaf collimators are standard on most therapy linacs and enable modern techniques based on intensity modulation.

Key advantages of tungsten multileaf collimators include:

• Dynamic movement of tungsten leaves during delivery allows for intensity modulated fluence patterns not achievable with conventional blocks.
• Finite set of possible aperture shapes results in a reasonable solution space for inverse planning optimization for IMRT, VMAT, etc.
• Significantly more convenient than cutting custom blocks for every field.

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Tungsten is an extremely dense metal, heavier than lead for the same size item. Tungsten darts are considerably more dense than brass or nickel/silver darts.

Higher density materials result in darts with smaller diameter, better "feel", and tighter possible groups on the dartboard. Tungsten is also very durable, so the machined grip will not wear down as rapidly as on brass or nickel/silver darts.

Tungsten is also very durable, so a high-density tungsten dart resists wear and the grip will last much longer. On softer metal darts, the grooves and rough knurling may wear down fairly quickly from skin acid, friction, and hitting other darts.

The billets that tungsten darts are made from consist of a variety of metals, including tungsten. To manufacture the blanks for machining tungsten darts, tungsten powder and other metals are blended and bonded by heat and pressure, resulting in a "sintered" material that we refer to as nickel-tungsten (or copper-tungsten, etc.) Common materials include tungsten, nickel, copper, and iron. The exact mix of materials varies considerably from one company to another, based on their requirements for density, cost, and ease of machining.

Tungsten darts cost more for several reasons: The metal is expensive, and since it is very dense, tungsten requires more effort to fabricate into darts.

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