For everyone who serious about the game of darts, then they want to make sure that their dartboard setup is at the correct Dart Board Height and Dartboard Distance. The bull's-eye must be 5ft 8in (173cm) above the floor. This should put the bull's-eye approximately at eye level for most people. The front of the dartboard to the Oche (Throw Line) is the Dartboard Distance and must be 7ft 91/4in (237cm). This is especially important, for people who want to make sure that you have an official dartboard setup.

It’s also important to consider putting a dart mat behind the dart board. This will help keep the vibrations or the movements of the board from creating damage in the walls of home. And remember that when throw a dart there is a lot of force that is dissipated from the momentum of the dart. If someone does not have a mat behind the board, then this could cause damage to walls.

Now that understand how to appropriately have dartboard setup done in home and what the correct Dart Board Height and Dartboard Distance is, let’s take the appropriate steps to do so. It's important that consider the location of dart board so that do not damage anything or hurt anyone. It's also important that have the appropriate distance from the dart board to throw darts.

If there have tiles or laminated floors that could get damaged or do damage to darts then it would be wise to put a rubber bat or even a carpet on the floor. This will stop the dart points from getting dull and will minimize the darts sticking into the floor.

It is always a good idea to mount a black board next to the dart board to help easily keep score when you are playing darts games. The reason why black board work better than paper is when game’s over, we can just wipe away the writing and start all over again. no one can accuse others of cheating, because everyone can see clearly what have written down.

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There are large deposits of tungsten ores in the USSR (Transbaikalia, Middle Asia, Kazakhstan, Primor’e, and the Northeast), the People’s Republic ofChina, and the Korean Democratic People’s Republic. Capitalist countries prominent for their reserves and mining of tungsten ores (1966 output in tons ofWO3) include the USA (4,852), Bolivia (1,580), Australia (1,326), Portugal (1,199), Peru (437), Thai-land (336), and Burma (207).

 

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Tungsten copper contacts are made of tungsten and copper, having excellent properties, high temperature properties of tungsten is one of its most important advantages, and its conductivity improved with the increase of copper content.

Tungsten owns high melting point, high hardness, high boiling point, high strength, low thermal expansion coefficient and other characteristics.
Copper owns good electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and good ductility characteristics.

The performances of tungsten copper contacts are listed below:
Having a high density, high melting point, high hardness, high boiling point, and high strength;
Excellent short arc performance;
Having good thermal conductivity and nice electrical conductivity;
Having a smaller thermal expansion coefficient;
It has excellent resistance to arc erosion;
Good anti-welding resistance;
With a high temperature non-softening properties;
Good workability;
It has a certain plasticity and good high-temperature strength.

At a temperature above 3000 ℃, the copper in tungsten copper alloy will liquefy, evaporate and absorb a lot of heat, thus reducing the surface temperature of the contact material, and therefore such material is also known as metallic sweat material.

 

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Endogenic deposits of tungsten are postmagmatic, pneumatolytic, or hydrothermal and are genetically associated with granite intrusions. The following types of tungsten ore deposits are differentiated: albitized, greisened, and silicified cupolas and stocks of granites or granitized porphyry, containing finelydisseminated wolframite and some-times thin quartz-wolframite veins and forming a stockwork; quartz-feldspar, quartz-topaz, quartz-fluorite, and quartzveins, often with greisen selvages containing wolframite and rarely scheelite, cassiterite, beryl, arsenopyrite, bismuthinite, molybdenite, pyrite, and othersulfides; quartz-scheelite veins, mineralized zones, and stock works, often containing sulfides; quartz-gold-scheelite and quartz-antimonite scheelite bodiescontaining ferberite, antimonite, cinnabar, and barite; and scheelite-containing scarns of garnetpyroxene-scapolite composition, containing molybdenite,chalcopyrite, galena, and sphalerite. The richest are deposits of the vein type, which often contain up to several percent WO3. The largest deposits are theskarn and stockwork types. Deluvial and alluvial placers containing wolframite and scheelite may form because of erosion of direct deposits.

 

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Tungsten copper contacts own excellent performance of copper and tungsten, such as, high melting point, high boiling point, high density, low vapor pressure, good electrical conductivity, excellent thermal resistance and arc-erosion resistance, anti-welding performance and ease of processing etc., which can be used in low and high voltage switches, other electrical appliances and some instruments, it acts as a contact material. In recent years, with the higher capacity and higher voltage requirements of switches and other electrical appliances, people have constantly improved the technical performance requirements of tungsten copper contacts. What’s more, with the rising of the cost of tungsten and copper, the costs of contacts materials also rise sharply; therefore, better production processes to reduce costs should be raised.

Tungsten copper contacts can be used not only in strong and weak electricity, but also in DC, for DC, requiring them in the DC condition, material transfer from one end of the contact to the other should be small. The maximum appliances of tungsten copper materials is in contacts, especially the content of copper is between 20% to 40% of tungsten copper materials, which is mainly used in high voltage, high current switches and other electrical appliances, such as protection circuit breaker contacts in grid and other contacts. Tungsten copper contacts containing 15% to 20% of copper can be used at a voltage of up to 500 000 V or higher on the circuit breaker.



 

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Tungsten copper contacts are fake alloy which having high electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of copper and having a high hardness, high melting point, high density, arc erosion resistance and other excellent properties of tungsten. Because it combines the excellent properties of tungsten and copper, which has anti-welding resistance, arc erosion resistance and other properties, and it can be used as the contacts of the weak and strong electricity.

Contacts for strong electricity, the main performance requirements described as bellow:
1. In order to prevent tungsten copper contacts overheating when a rated current through the contacts, it should have a low contact resistance;
2. In order to make it have a long life, its mechanical wear rate and electrical wear rate should be smaller;
3. With good anti-welding performance, in case of failure, the contacts are able to successfully break the circuit;
4. Requests the residual current should be small and its interrupter ability should be strong, so that it can interrupter quickly when it breaks a large current, and does not cause re-ignition or continuous current.

Contacts for weak electricity, the main performance requirements described as bellow:
1. Should have low and stable contact resistance;
2. Should have a smaller electrical wear rate in order to prolong its life;
3. Have a higher minimum arcing voltage and the minimum arcing current so that the contacts can be operated without arc;
4. Because it has a small closing force, so that its mechanical wear is less.



 

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Tungsten copper contacts materials, also known as tungsten copper electrical contacts materials, which is used to control the current of the switch- on and off, mainly used in contact switch, magnetic motors, relays, circuit breakers and other components. Contacts performance will directly affect the operation of the entire electrical system function, especially modern automatic control systems, communication systems and other large power system, because there are many contacts in them, if one or several of whose performance will derogate, it will make this system work in a mess, can not even run, therefore, the performance of tungsten copper contacts work performance should be improved.

Performance requirements of tungsten copper contacts are shown as follows:
1. In order to reduce heat loss when current flows through the contacts and reduce the tungsten oxide of contacts surface , tungsten copper contacts are required to have high electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity;
2. Under the arc or spark action, in order to reduce contact wear and the likelihood of the occurrence of welding of the contacts, tungsten copper contacts required to have a high melting temperature, high boiling point, high melting and evaporation heat and high heat;
3. Stable chemical performance, and its requirements of being polluted by the environment is that the change of contact resistance is small; the contact resistance is stable;
4. Appropriate elasticity and hardness, if the hardness is too large, the contact area is small, and if flexibility is greater when the contact is closed, the wear due to bounce between the contacts will increase;
5. It has an easy machining, welding performance;
6. Lower prices.

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The natural mineral formations containing tungsten in amounts that make their extraction economically feasible. The chief minerals of tungsten are wolframite,containing 74-76 percent WO₃, and scheelite, containing 80 per-cent WO₃. The minimum concentrations of tungsten trioxide at which it is profitable towork tungsten ores at the present level of economic and technological development (1960-70) are of the order of 0.14—0.15 percent for large deposits and 0.4-0.5 percent for smaller, vein deposits. Tungsten ores often contain other useful components (tin, molybdenum, beryllium, gold, copper, lead, and zinc). In addition, the wolframites of some deposits contain large amounts of tantalum and scandium, which can be extracted from them. To obtain concentrates containing 50-60 percent WO₃,  the ores are enriched using gravitational, flotation, and other methods of concentration.

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In June, 2012, shares of China's tungsten companies surged on Wednesday aftera revelation the previous day that the world's largest tungsten mine had been found in east China's Jiangxi province.

An 18-month prospection project uncovered a tungsten mine with 1.06 million tonnes ofconfirmed reserves in Jiangxi's Jiujiang city, according to a statement posted on the website ofthe Ministry of Land and Resources on Tuesday.

The mine is expected to have a potential value of over 300 billion yuan (47.6 billion U.S.dollars), the ministry said.

Boosted by the news, shares in Chongyi Zhangyuan Tungsten Co. soared by the daily 10-percent limit to 33.39 yuan (5.27 U.S. dollars) at midday on Wednesday. MinmetalsDevelopment Co. gained 4.35 percent to 26.36 yuan while Chenzhou Mining Group Co. added3.35 percent to 20.69 yuan.

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A collimator is a device that limits the radiation output of an X-ray source. Without a collimator, X-rays would escape which would flood the detector with radiation and prevent a clear image from being attained. Due to tungsten alloy material has high density, excellent radiation attenuation properties, and environmental friendly; an X-ray collimator can be made from tungsten alloy. Tungsten X-ray collimator can be commonly done by standing thin tungsten on end in a sequence over the detectors to limit scatter. Tungsten X-ray collimator can prevent cross talk between detector cards in a detector bank within a medical or security application. This allows tungsten X-ray collimator to be protected from scatter radiation and only detect the radiation striking the detector straight on.

The picture shows thin tungsten in X-ray collimator:

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