Using scanning electron observed tungsten oxides aggregate exterior morphology and the internal structure found little difference in different tungsten oxides, which have retained the appearance characteristics of raw material APT. But the particle size change largely. Different tungsten oxides surface features are not quite the same which observed by high-powered electron microscope. Including yellow tungsten oxide and blue tungsten oxide which the W₂₀O₅₈ and ATB are main phase large particles have varying degrees fragmentation and full of cracks. The morphology of violet tungsten is different with other three tungsten oxide. Its particles are loose and large which is made up of needle-like or rod-like grains.

Observe the internal structure of tungsten oxide aggregate found all the internal structure of tungsten oxides have a wealth of cracks, on the other hand violet tungsten oxide not only has rich crack and the interior particles are needle or rod shape. This structure making violet tungsten oxide has large particle voids, making its particles more loosely, so it is conducive to the hydrogen get into particle inside and steam escape in reduction process. So that the reduction reaction may take place not only at the surface, can occur simultaneously in the interior, beside the reaction speed is quick and tungsten powder are fine and uniform.

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Tungsten carbide carbon content is an important factor that will affect tungsten carbide properties.

1.Bending strength. Normally, bending strength reaches largest where the carbon content is high for the low cobalt content tungsten carbide YG10. For the high cobalt content tungsten carbide YG20, bending strength reaches largest where the carbon content is low. Carbon content too much or less will affects the bending strength of tungsten carbide button.

2.Hardness. The change of carbon content will result in the fluctuation of tungsten carbide phase and cobalt phase. When the carbon content is insufficient, binder phase decreases thus the hardness falls down.

3.Density. If the carbon content decrease, then the density increases. If carbon content increases, tungsten carbide button density decreases.

4.Corrosive resistance. A bit carbon content combines cobalt content will increase the corrosive resistance of tungsten carbide button. On the contrary, exceeded carbon content will lower the corrosive resistance of tungsten carbide button.


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Tungsten oxide is an important raw material for producing carbide. With the carbide industry development the quality and performance of the products have become more sophisticated. So to understand the performance of tungsten oxide for producing carbide with high performance has a significant advantage. Almost all tungsten oxides are based on APT (ammonium noon) as raw materials and calcined to produce. With different calcine conditions, the tungsten oxide powder is different. For example, using the same batch APT as raw material through different calcination process will produce violet tungsten oxide, blue tungsten oxide and yellow tungsten oxide. Each one has its own unique crystal structure, so they are not quite the same physical properties.

Violet tungsten oxide phase component is WO_2.72 for its unique crystal structures so much use for producing fine tungsten oxide powder and fine tungsten carbide powder. Blue tungsten oxide phase component in theory is WO_2.97. But in the actual blue tungsten oxide is typically a mixture of many tungsten oxides, including yellow or violet tungsten oxide phase. Yellow tungsten oxide has various crystal forms with different calcination temperature will obtain different WO₃ crystal form. At a calcination temperature of 700 ℃ may producing orthorhombic tungsten trioxide.



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Tungsten carbide button quality control can be devided into inner quality control and external quality control. Inner quality control includes ingredient and construction. External quality control includes size and surface roughness.

1.Tungsten carbide button size, bending, burr, deformation should be within the standard.

2.Tungsten carbide button should be made under high temperature and long term carbonization. Carbon content should be between 6.14-6.20%. Tungsten carbide grain size is ought to be 2-3um.

3.Tungsten carbide carbon content should be within a certain limit. Magnetic saturation value of tungsten carbide button should be 93%-96%.

4.According to usage of tungsten carbide button, cobalt content should be 6%-16%. Wet grinding period should be within 24 hours. Sintering temperature should be high enough to increase tenacity of tungsten carbide button.

5.Reduce voids and large grain size inside of tungsten carbide button.

6.Use low pressure sintering, make the voids of tungsten carbide button smaller, enhance fracture toughness. 



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It is known that, during the particle board cutting processes, as they can have abrasive fragments, loose micro-fragments can penetrate the tool under cutting pressure and preferentially remove the cobalt, which would affect tool wear.  



When applying tungsten carbide cutting tool in particle board machining, a maximum wear tool area presents, which corresponded to the region in contact with the board surface whereas a wear minimum near the center of the cutting region. This profile is attributed to differences in board density and silicate content. It could be suggested that particleboard which can exhibit low tool wear in both the surface and middle layers can be manufactured depending on its structure and the composition of the materials used.

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In terms of observing the tungsten carbide cutting tools’ cutting edges when machining three layered southern pine particleboard, the blunting was attributed to a combination of the effects of cured urea-formaldehyde resin and the higher board density. A similar effect of the resin glue content on wear was also shown in recently research, with the increasing of board density, silicates and resin content, a linear increasing relationship occurs in the abrasiveness of the board. In addition, if the resin content increases from 5 to 8%, there’s no effect on the tool wear while increasing the resin content from 9-11%, the abrasiveness almost doubled.



Most of the wear is found on the clearance face of tool, due to the rubbing action between the tool face and the wood. Less wear is found on the rake face, since no continuous chip is formed in machining synthetic wood products like particle board as they machine mostly by fracture.


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For the tungsten carbide woodcutting tool, the inclination of knife in its holder has an impact on the magnitude of the cutting forces applied as well.


The inclining the knife to the work piece advanced in input energy quantity control, which results in a lower transfer of stress from tool face to wood, hence causing smaller deformation zones in the contact zone. Some researchers measured the normal cutting force for a range of cemented carbides when cutting particleboard and found that the edge recession increased with increasing cutting force for the range of materials tested. The cutting forces measured were dependent on the binder content of the hard metal, with higher forces being recorded with increasing binder content.

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The cutting forces involved in woodcutting by adopting tungsten carbide cutting tool consist generally of direct cutting forces, frictional forces, centrifugal forces associated with rotating cutter and forces due to attachment of the tool in the cutter head as well as forces due to machine vibration.
Since the rake, clearance and wedge angles of cutting tools refers to the display of material in the cutter, in addition it also indicates the volumes and lines of actions of the cutting forces, they would affect tool wear and several studies have been done which show this effect, with the wedge angle having the most effect. A rapid increase in the cutting force occurs during the initial stages of cutting after which the force tends to level off. Machine vibrations have been found to influence not only chip formation but also the friction forces and coefficients.

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The properties and features of poly tungsten:

High density: ≥11.34 g/cm3
Perfect radiation shielding performance: Tungsten has comparable radiation shielding ability as lead but is much healthier than lead. To date, many manufacturers, especially those in medical industry, are trying to replace lead radiation shielding products with Poly Tungsten products.
Good flexibility and excellent workability: Poly Tungsten sheets can be cut or holed with household scissors and formed into shapes with various curved surfaces.
Healthy and environmentally friendly: Poly Tungsten is made of non-toxic & recyclable materials and produces no pollution to the environment.

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Polished tungsten tube refers to semi-finished surface of pure tungsten tube after polishing products. Outer surface finish, wall caustic pure tungsten tube, the surface smooth, bright, shiny metal pan, the inner surface of the outer surface of the light is better. Pure tungsten tube diameter range is very wide, up to 100 mm, diameter size can also be controlled to 12 mm in length no restrictions, it can be customized according to user requirements. Usually taken pure tungsten tube through the use of pure tungsten rod system. Given its high temperature resistance, high melting point characteristics, pure tungsten tube can be used to protect its internal wire, the wire can also be introduced into the lumen to its high temperature gas or liquid.

Under standard conditions, unbound hard and rare metals, tungsten is a natural compound found on Earth. In 1781, a new element has been identified, first isolated in 1783 in the metal. Its important ores include wolframite and scheelite. Freedom notable feature is its excellent corrosion resistance, especially in the second highest of all the elements that most carbon it's all non-alloyed metal melting point later on. Equally striking is the high density of its 19.3 times that of water, comparable uranium and gold, much higher than the small amount of impurities of lead (approximately 1.7-fold), tungsten is often brittle and hard, making it difficult to work. However, very pure tungsten, though still difficult, more toughness, and can be cut with a hacksaw hard steel.


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