Tungsten trioxide and partial ammonium recovered from SCR denitration catalyst not only can reduce the emission of pollutants but also can take full advantage of residue, so this method gets widespread attention. Using SCR denitration catalyst to recover tungsten trioxide and ammonium methods are as follows:
1. Crushing and sieving SCR denitration catalyst to produce catalyst powder, and then mixed it with sodium carbonate evenly.
2. Putting mixed powder into furnace fired becomes sinter.
3. After one hour heat preservation then crushing and sieving into sinter powder. Pour the warm water to make the NA₂WO₄ and NAVO₃ of sintered powder fully dissolved, after filtered and abandoned precipitate to get Na₂WO₄ and NaVO₃ mixed solution.
4. After adjusting the PH value to 6.5 to 7.5, ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium chloride solution was added to precipitate ammonium metavanadate after filtered and washed by dilute bicarbonate solution for 2-3 times, then washed with 30% ethanol for 1-2 times, after drying to obtain metavanadate products.
5. The Na₂WO₄ of remaining solution was been converted into ammonium paratungstate, the remaining solution was evaporated to obtain crystals of ammonium paratungstate, and then calcined to obtain tungsten trioxide.


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Tungsten crucible is made of tungsten crucible cover, tungsten crucible body and tungsten crucible base part (also known as tray). Because tungsten crucible has characteristic of high temperature resistance, low coefficient of expansion, etc., so it can be used as a main carrier in sapphire single crystal growth furnace. Tungsten crucible cover’s density is about 18.3 g / cm³, and its purity can reach 99.95% above. In sapphire growth furnace, tungsten crucible cover, as an insulator assembly, whose most important role is: cut off and reflect furnace heat. Tungsten crucible cover is closely combined with tungsten crucible body, which constitutes a confined space; you need control the confined space properly in order to produce high quality sapphire crystal. In addition, the tungsten crucible cover require higher purity, accuracy size also required and the surface should be smooth, these benefits can improve the quality of pulling sapphire crystal.



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The cutting speed of the tungsten carbide cutting tool is the surface speed, which also refers to the speed at the milling cutters’ outside edge during its rotation. Specially ,the three directly related factors including, surface speed, surface footage, and surface area. The two wheels ones could be a proper example to explain, since one of its wheel is three feet in diameter and the other wheel which is one foot in diameter, roll each wheel one complete turn.

As the hardness of the cutting tool material makes a great effort to the suggested cutting speed, the tungsten carbide cutting tool has relatively harder cutting tool material, it presents faster cutting speed, whereas the softer the cutting tool material the slower the recommended cutting speed will be.


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It is known that, during the synthetic wood products’(such as particle board) cutting processes, the factors like board density, resins and glues as well as silicon dioxide particles, which would affect tool wear, needed to take into consideration when adopting tungsten carbide cutting tool.



The function of silicon dioxide sand is normally referred to smooth the surfaces of the particleboard and since a large amount of the powder is usually ground against the wood surface, some of the particles may become embedded in the surface which subsequently may cause increasing the tungsten carbide cutting tools’ wear rates. The effect of silicon dioxide particles was investigated by Huber Wear, It is found that the wear rate increased linearly with increasing silica particle content. Tool wear was shown to be more closely related to the quartz content of wood than to the total salicaceous residue content.


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Sapphire tungsten crucible properties:
High density: ≥19.25 g / cm³;
High purity: ≥99.95%;
With exact dimensions;
Without internal rift within the crucible;
Application temperature range: 2000 ℃ -2400 ℃ around.

Sapphire tungsten crucible application:
It is used as a sapphire crystal growth furnace core container in sapphire growing.

Sapphire tungsten crucible - productive technology and equipment

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Tungsten crucible’s molding is processing on the isostatic machine. When press the tungsten crucible, if the molding pressure is too large, it will make tungsten powder severely deformed, so the elastic stress will increase, eventually resulting in tungsten crucible cracking; if the molding pressure is too small, the density of the tungsten powder is not enough, tungsten crucible is also prone to cracking. Therefore, the scope of the molding pressure when pressing tungsten crucible should be at: 245MPa-260MPa.

In the pressing process, because the micro-hardness of tungsten powder is larger, so tungsten powder is easily deformed due to the external force, then, it will produce some distortion stress, if the pool pressure speed is too fast, then the release of the stress will be accelerated, which will result in crack of the tungsten crucible too. Therefore, only use the slow way of pool pressure mode to press tungsten crucibles.


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Tungsten poly or poly tungsten is a composition of various resins and tungsten powder. Tungsten poly is environmentally friendly. It is non-toxic and recyclable.

Due to tungsten alloy has excellent radiation attenuation properties, with thinner thickness but high effective in blocking harmful X-ray and gamma radiation, tungsten poly can be used in:

Radiation shielding and radiation-protective equipment;
X-ray inspection device for industrial and medical use;
ϒ-ray shielding material and substitute for lead fiber mat in nuclear reactor piping systems.

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 Poly tungsten or tungsten poly (also known as tungsten-filled polymer) is a composition of various resins and tungsten powder which are mixed together through special metallurgical technology. Poly tungsten is filled with tungsten particles up to 60% by volume and 96% by weight. Base resins in poly tungsten can include ABS (acryloynitrile butadiene styrene), PBT (polybutylene terephthalate), PU (polyurethane), PA (polyamide), PP (polypropylene), and TPE (thermoplastic elastomer).Poly tungsten is environmentally friendly. It is non-toxic and recyclable. Tungsten poly has high density, high radiation resistance, and high tensile strength. It is easily machined and malleable. Therefore, poly tungsten is the ideal material of radiation shielding instead of lead.

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Tungsten copper alloy rod is made of tungsten-copper composite material, tungsten-copper composite material is a two-phase structure fake tungsten alloy, composed mainly of copper, a metal matrix composite. Due to the physical properties of copper and tungsten are quite different, and therefore can not be produced using casting method, now commonly used powder alloy technology for production.

Tungsten has high melting point (tungsten melting point is 3410 ℃, iron melting point is 1534 ℃), high density (tungsten density of 19.34g / cm3, iron density 7.8g / cm3), copper has excellent thermal conductivity properties.However, tungsten copper alloy rod integrated advantages of tungsten and copper, have significant advantages. In addition, tungsten copper alloy rods (component is generally in the range of WCu7 ~ WCu50) uniform microstructure, high temperature, high strength, resistance to arc erosion, high density; moderate conductivity, thermal conductivity, high temperature materials are widely used in military, high-voltage switch with electrical alloy, EDM electrode, microelectronic materials, parts and components as widely used in aerospace, aviation, electronics, electricity, metallurgy, machinery, sports equipment and other industries.
 

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Tungsten carbide is a material developed for highly demanding applications. The unique combination of hardness and toughness makes it especially suitable for wear resistant parts of tools for rock drilling.

Tungsten carbide rock drill buttons wear resistance has been the focus of numerous studies, and a large amount of wear data has been published. However, the broad range of possible wear mechanisms, the large number of rock types of very different character, and finally the large local property variations even within a single drill hole, has made it difficult to sort out a good general understanding. One conclusion stands out very clear: the wear data for one rock drill in one rock type is unique to that particular situation and should not be expected to apply to other rock drills in other rock types. Even so, some general wear mechanisms can be observed.



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