Comparing with the results of normally vacuum sintered, the strengthening phenomena of hot isostatic tungsten carbide inserts by direct observation obtain following results,

Firstly, when closely examining the hot isostatic tungsten carbide inset, there is a slight change of WC in terms of grain size, the composition as well as distribution of the binder phase and etc., although these changes were considered to have no relation to the strength increasing. Secondly, the strengthening mechanism of hot isostatic tungsten carbide insert is directly related to a small number of large pores disappearance while the large pores usually exit in normally vacuum sintered ones. It should be noticed that since there are some large WC grains are contained in the structure, a sharp increase in strength is not always visualized as a result of hot isostatic pressing.

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Due to its high density, excellent absorption behaviour against radiation and environmental friendly characteristics, tungsten alloy can be widely used to produce tungsten Sr-90 radiation detector.Sr-90 undergoing beta decay is exposed to the aluminum sheets. On the other side of the sheet there is a tungsten Sr-90 radiation detector called Geiger counter which detects how much radiation has penetrated the sheet.

Sr-90 undergoes beta decay. Of the three types of radiation, beta radiation is the most appropriate due to its penetration powers as a thickness gauge for aluminum. This is due to the fact that alpha particles such a low penetrating power that it cannot pass through a sheet of paper, certainly not sheet metal, and gamma rays have such a high penetrating power that all gamma particles would easily pass through the aluminum. Beta particles have a moderate penetrating power that can be blocked by a thick sheet of aluminum, but it can pass through a thinner piece. This property makes it suitable for use as a thickness gauge of aluminum sheets.

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Geiger-Muller or GM detector used to measure very small amounts of radiation.Due to the excellent shielding against electromagnetic radiation, tungsten alloy materials are typically used for Geiger-Muller detector components.

Geiger-Muller detector is one kind of gas filled radiation detector. When radiation enters this device, it ionizes gas molecules. The electron lost propels toward a central electrode and as its velocity increases it ionizes other gas molecules. This creates an electric pulse which is measured and allows for the detection of radiation.

The magnitude of the electric field that made of tungsten alloy determines the detector's mode of operation. As it is high density, tungsten alloy exhibits excellent absorption behaviour against electromagnetic radiation such as X-rays and gamma-radiation. The field made of tungsten alloy is high enough to prevent the electron-ion pairs produced by the radiation.

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The materials and specification of three-layer composite tungsten points
The surface material of tungsten points: silver, copper, silver nickel, pure tungsten, silver oxide cadmium , silver tin oxide and so on;
The substrate of tungsten points: silver, silver alloy, copper, iron, nickel, stainless steel and so on;
The thickness of surface material: 0.03mm - 1.0mm;
The thickness of the substrate: 0.08mm - 3.5mm;
Three-layer composite tungsten points are mainly applied in relays, thermostats, circuit breakers, micro-switches and so on.

Advantage
In order to increase its welding ability, a pad is on the top of three-layer composite tungsten points, whose welding surface materials are copper, iron, nickel and other materials. To combine the welding parts, you can use melt metal---Cu, which has low contact resistance and stable electrical performance, therefore, it is easier to positioning, its required heating time is shorter, and their welded portions are more beautiful.


 

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The raw materials of three-layer composite tungsten contacts:
The surface material of tungsten contacts can be pure tungsten, silver, copper, silver nickel, silver tin oxide, silver oxide cadmium and so on;
The substrate of tungsten contacts may be nickel, iron, copper, silver, silver alloy and stainless steel and so on;

Specifications
The thickness of the surface material is between0.03mm and 1.0mm;
The thickness of the substrate is between 0.08mm and 3.5mm;

Application
They are mainly used in thermostats, relays, micro-switches and circuit breakers and so on.

Advantage
The welding surface of three-layer composite tungsten contacts are nickel, iron, copper and other materials, in order to increase its welding ability, there is also a pad on the top. Jointed the welding parts by melt metal, which is Cu with stable electrical performance and low contact resistance, so their positioning is easy, their welded portions are more beautiful and environment friendly, the required heating time is shorter and so on.

 

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Specification of tungsten points:
Rivet-type tungsten points processed by riveting and its continuous automatic production can be realized. Besides, they are usually applied in relay, 3C appliances, small appliances, communications relay, various types of switches, traditional breaking switch and so on;
Button-type tungsten points processed by welding and its continuous automatic production can also be realized.
Button-type tungsten points are widely used as breaker points, protection points, temperature breaking switch points, and various switching points for conducting and breaking contact, etc;

Dimension range:
The diameter of tungsten points is between 0.6mm and 10mm, its diameter of line is between 0.6mm and 4.0mm, and its silver layer thickness is between 0.15mm and 2.0mm.

The raw materials of tungsten point surface are silver, silver nickel, silver copper, silver cadmium oxide, silver indium tin oxide, silver tin oxide and silver zinc oxide. Besides, its line materials can be made or be imported;
The substrate of tungsten points: copper, copper nickel and so on.
Tungsten points can plate silver, gold, nickel and so on;

Rivet-type and button-type tungsten points have the advantage of lower resistance, lower cost, easier processing and so on.


 

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Tungsten contacts’ specification types and applications:

Rivet-type tungsten contacts:
Prepared by riveting;
It can realize continuous automatic production;
Rivet-type tungsten contacts are typically used for communications relay, relay, small appliances, 3C appliances, traditional breaking switch, various types of switches and so on;

Button-type tungsten contacts:
Prepared by welding;
It can also be suitable for continuous automatic production;
Button-type tungsten contacts are commonly used in temperature breaking switch contacts, circuit breaker contacts, protection contacts and various switching contacts for conducting and breaking contact, etc;

Size range:
Contacts diameter: 0.6 ~ 10mm, diameter of line: 0.6 ~ 4.0mm, silver layer thickness: 0.15mm ~ 2.0mm.

Contacts surfaces are silver copper, silver nickel, silver, silver zinc oxide, silver cadmium oxide, silver tin oxide and silver indium tin oxide, and line materials not can be made but also be imported;
The substrate of tungsten contacts are copper nickel, copper and so on. And they can electroplate gold, silver, nickel and so on;

Rivet-type tungsten contacts and button-type tungsten contacts possess lower cost, low resistance, easier process and wide application and so on.

 

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Specification of tungsten points:

Tungsten points possess circular type, rectangular type, square type, prismatic type and so on.
There are a lot of contact materials, such as, silver tungsten carbide, copper tungsten, tungsten iron, pure tungsten, silver nickel, silver graphite, silver tungsten, and silver metal oxides and so on;
Sheet thickness: 0.5mm - 3.0mm;
Sheet length: 3.0mm - 25.0mm;
Sheet width: 3.0mm - 20.0mm;
Tungsten points diameter: 2.0mm - 25.0mm;
(other specifications are also available according to customer’s requirements)
Advantages of tungsten points prepared by powder metallurgy:
High density;
Better average size;
Good particle uniformity;
High pressure resistance;
Anti current corrosion;
High purity of tungsten powder particles;
The advantage of tungsten points may almost exploited in the process by
adding a certain ratio of rare earth elements.


 

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Contact materials have pure tungsten, silver nickel, silver tungsten, copper tungsten, tungsten iron, silver graphite, silver tungsten carbide and silver metal oxides and so on;
The specification type of tungsten contacts own square type, rectangular type, circular type, prismatic type, etc. (other types are also available according to customer’s requirements);
Sheet thickness is between 0.5mm and 3.0mm; length is between 3.0mm and 25.0mm; width is between3.0mm and 20.0mm;
Contacts diameter is between 2.0mm and 25.0mm;

Advantages of tungsten contacts made by powder metallurgy

Advantages of tungsten contacts made by powder metallurgy lie that high purity of tungsten powder particles, good particle uniformity, better average size and high density, in the process, by adding a certain percentage of rare earth elements, tungsten contacts’ advantages (such as, welding, high pressure resistance, anti-current corrosion, etc.) can almost playing out.


 

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Tungsten points features

Impact toughness is nice;
Thermal expansion coefficient is small;
Purity is high: more than 99.95%;
Roughness is high: higher than 71 and lower than 74HRA;
Density is high: between 19.1g / cm³ and 19.3g / cm³;
Vapor pressure is low and evaporation is slow;
With excellent corrosion resistance;
Owning good flatness, roundness and concentricity;
Arc-erosion resistance performance is nice and stable;
Section grain fiber is short;
Interrupting current capability is better;
Rod surface is smooth and there are no cracks and scratches;
The box used to contain tungsten points should be reinforced and waterproof paper need be laid at the bottom of the box.
In transit, you should keep tungsten points from violent impact, corrosion, snow and acid rain.
The storage of tungsten points must be dry and be free of corrosive gases.


 

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