Which Kind of Tungsten is Difficult to Make?

With high melting point, high density as well as good conductivity at high temperature, tungsten plays an important and indispensable role in defense industry and domestic economy, especially in top fields like aerospace and nuclear industry. 
 
The production of tungsten components with thin wall and complex shape is an internationally recognized problem.
 
 
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How Tungsten Electrode is Called in Different Areas of China

Tungsten electrode is a standard industry term. In China, as the land is too wide, people from the north and south differ much in terms of naming an object. In this article we will briefly classify the various popular names of tungsten electrode in different regions.
 
In northern area, tungsten electrode is usually called tungsten bar. But people in some places will use the formal name of tungsten electrode. Northerners are used to call it tungsten needle or tungsten pole. The so-called tungsten rod is also used in some northern parts.
 
Thorium and cerium tungsten electrode is the best seller in the market. Generally, dealers are used to ask the manufacturers for red head or gray head which means thorium tungsten electrode and cerium tungsten electrode respectively. 
 
 
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Carbon (Nitrogen) Titanium-Based Tungsten Carbide Cutting Tools

Present in the world, WC-based tungsten carbide cutting tools are widely used. In recent years, some new varieties of tungsten carbide cutting tools have appeared, such as carbon (nitrogen) titanium-based tungsten carbide cutting tools, ultra-fine grain tungsten carbide cutting tools, tungsten carbide coating tools etc. We mainly introduce here carbon (nitrogen) titanium-based tungsten carbide cutting tools.

Carbon (nitrogen) titanium-based tungsten carbide cutting tools is a new type of tungsten carbide cutting tools, it has high hardness, good oxidation resistance, heat resistance, low wear characteristics and wear resistance and high-speed cutting steel material time .  Carbon (nitrogen) titanium-based alloy tool widely used in manufacturing high-speed finishing tool material  which fills in the blanks of WC-based tungsten carbide cutting tools and ceramic tool materials.

Carbon (nitrogen) titanium-based tungsten carbide cutting tools compared to ceramic tool materials, far more than its toughness cermet (TiC base and TiCN based alloy), and are close to the metal ceramic hardness and heat resistance.


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Harms of Tungsten Carbide Cutting Tools WC Leaching

Harms of tungsten carbide cutting tools WC leaching reflects on bad influernce on tungsten carbide cutting tools, tungsten resources, humans and the environment. Embodied in the following three aspects:
1. Influence on tungsten carbide cutting tools. In tungsten carbide cutting tools, WC is a hard phase of it. Tungsten carbide cutting tools WC leaching will reduce hardness and wear resistance, but also lead to loss of cobalt binder, thereby decreases hardness and strength of tungsten carbide  cutting tools and dramatically shorten tools life. The impact of shortened tools life, on the one hand will bring an increase in the number of tool changes, reducing production efficiency; on the other hand will lead to increased manufacturing costs.

2. Influence on tungsten resources. Tungsten carbide cutting tools will lead to leaching of waste tungsten resources, is not conducive to the sustainable development of tungsten resources.

3. Influence on humans and the environment. Tungsten carbide cutting tools WC leaching will easily make operations workers contracted asthma, pulmonary fibrosis and allergic dermatitis and other diseases, On the other hand, Tungsten carbide cutting tools WC leaching into the cutting fluid,will cause serious environmental pollution.


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Tungsten Carbide Cutting Tools Breakage

Tungsten carbide cutting tools breakage compered to tungsten carbide cutting tools wear is unnormal wear. Tungsten carbide cutting tools under certain conditions, if the stress (cutting force or thermal stress) is too much, damage may occur suddenly, it is tungsten carbide cutting tools breakage.

There are two typies of tungsten carbide cutting tools breakage: brittle plastic breakage and damage categories. Brittle damage includes crack, fragmentation, shedding and so on. Under normal circumstances, crack is caused by the too large feed amount or the cutting resistance .Thus, changing the feed rate or tool geometry can cope with it. If the tungsten carbide cutting tools material is too hard or temperature changes that tungsten carbide cutting tools can not afford, fragmentation appears. At this point you can choose more suitable tungsten carbide cutting tools material to deal with or start from the temperature control aspect. Shedding refers to the collapse of breakage under high temperature and pressure conditions, the surface of the cutting edge or tool or uplift phenomena such as chipping and so on.

Tungsten carbide cutting tools breakage is not an isolated form, usually of several forms of synthesis. Currently available from refining and grain, increase the coating, adding metals and heat treatment and surface heat treatment and other aspects to improve the durability of tungsten carbide cutting tools.




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How to Make Tungsten Filament

Firstly, place the powder into the iron or steel-made tube and then to shape through isostatic pressing which ensures force uniformity of the bar. After pressing, the powder shapes in a small size and can be easily removed. And then sinter the bar in sintering furnaces at at least 1,000℃. The time should be adjusted according to the size of the bar. The next step is to swage in the rotary swaging machine which will enhance the property. 
 
Upon completing the shaping, the next begins drawing. Generally, a tungsten bar weighed 1.5 kilograms can be made into about 40-metered tungsten filament with the diameter of 1.588mm. This is all about the production of tungsten filament. 
 
 
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How to Make Lanthanum Tungsten Electrode

The manufacturing process of lanthanum tungsten electrode is mainly applied in the TIG (tungsten inert gas welding) and PLASMA (plasma) fields for metal welding, cutting, painting, smelting and so on. This kind of method processes the following features:
 
a. Mix water with the solid raw material contained APT, slurry WO ↓ [3] and W powder into the state of slurry as lanthanum tungsten-coated powder.
 
b. The decomposition process of the lanthanum salty in powder happens in hydrogen. The first reduction temperature should be controlled at 600 ~ 700 ℃ for 2 ~3 hours and the second time at 800-970 ℃ by keeping the hydrogen flow at 0.5-2.0m ↑ [3] / h in the process. 
 
The method makes a full decomposition and significantly improves conductivity in the process of incipient fusion. By decomposing and revivifying in the device simultaneously, this method effectively simplifies the manufacturing procedure and accordingly reduces the work hour and saves the energy sources. 
 
 
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Series: Super Weapon that Drops from the Clouds Ⅴ

The power of tungsten bar
 
Thrown from space, the tungsten bar almost ruined London in the film. However, experts point out that at too high speed, the attack on large targets, say skyscraper, is limited and will only cut a hole on wall in the same way that high-speed bullet hits on windows. The intention of ruining a city with a tungsten bar needs much more studies.
 
 
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Series: Super Weapon that Drops from the Clouds Ⅳ

Alternative nuclear weapon
 
Dropping from the clouds with tremendous speeds and high shooting accuracy makes it possible to attack the enemy off guard and therefore wins tungsten bar lengendary reputation. What is more, with metal warhead, there is no danger of emitting radiation. 
 
However, Rods from God is still under slow study for the key technology hits a bottleneck. For example, a large number of Rods from God  is expected to be more than the satellite platform could bear which needs enormous energy and the spending to sent them into the space is beyond imagine. Furthermore, factors like atmospheric friction and air turbulence will influence the accuracy of satellite guidance especially without simulated experiment. As simply a conception, Rods from God is expected to appear in fictions and films in a long time.
 
 
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Series: Super Weapon that Drops from the Clouds Ⅲ

Rods from God
 
The tungsten bar in the movie seemed infinitely powerful. Does this kind of weapon really exist in real?  Currently, a space-based weapon system of kinetic energy named Rods from God is launched in Amrica which bases on as same principle as that of tungsten bar. The whole system mainly consists of two satellite platforms located in the low orbit. One is responsible for communication and targeting while the other one is equipped with a large number of metal bombs of kinetic energy called Rods from God. The bomb is a metal bar made of tungsten, titanium and uraniun with diameter of 0.3 meters, length of 6.1 meters and weight of 100 kilograms. With small booster rockets, these metal bars can easily attack on any target areas within few minutes in the help of satellite guidance. Falling from space with distance of 1,000 km, they reach speeds of 11,587 km an hour. At high speeds closed to meteor, the metal bar gets tremendous kinetic energy which increases the shock of impact and causes serious damage when it hits the ground. In G.I. Joe: Back 2 Revenge, the Cobra launched seven satellites into the space track and once give orders the tungsten bar will aim to bomb the target.
 
Rods from God is expected to replace nuclear weapons. As military strategic weapon, nuclear bomb is strictly restricted for not only can it damage a city but exert an insidous influence on the Earth by nuclear radiation and radioactive dust. Rods from God or tungsten bar in the movie is hence thought to be an alternative.
 
 
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