Rubidium (Rb) is a dilute chemical substance, very soft silver white wax metal. It is soft and light, and its chemical properties are more active than potassium. It can be used for the production of special glass, micro high energy battery and crystal scintillation counter. The minerals containing rubidium are mica and potash feldspar, mainly in wolframite and scheelite.

The tungsten powder commonly used in the industry is mainly obtained by reducing tungsten oxide with hydrogen. Such tungsten powder has irregular particle shape, poor fluidity, low bulk density, and it is difficult to obtain a tungsten body with continuous micropores by sintering. In recent years, the demand for near-spherical or spherical tungsten powder has increased day by day, and is widely used in powder metallurgy processes such as porous material preparation, thermal spraying and injection molding.

The tungsten carbide mining button is composed of mining button handle, button head and alloy cutter head. The mining button handle and its cutter head are collectively referred to knife body. Its hardness is 40-45HRC. The pounding tenacity is not less than 49J/cm2.

The current tungsten filaments in bulbs are tungsten alloy wires made of ammonium paratungstate (APT) as main material with potassium, aluminum and silicon. This tungsten alloy wire thus has the disadvantages of low cold resistance, low thermal resistance, and poor photoelectric performance. In the process of tungsten wire manufacture, the rotary forging and drawing process will harden the tungsten alloy, and increases internal stress, thus it is easy to break when pulling; this increases the difficulty of production. The hardening of the alloy and the presence of internal stresses result in a shorter service life of the tungsten wire and poorer impact resistance, and the filament is prone to sagging after use.

The gold mine in Hunan is rich in resources, and the ore contains a small amount of ultra-low grade associated tungsten. The ore dressing method that the mine has been using for a long time is a single flotation. The only product is gold concentrate, and its flotation recovery rate is 80-90%. The associated tungsten grade in the ore is about 0.05%, which is much lower than the critical mining value of tungsten. The conventional beneficiation method has the problems of high cost and low recovery rate.

Tungsten carbide is an important raw material for the production of cemented carbide. The preparation technology of tungsten carbide is various, and the preparation of tungsten carbide powder from tungsten powder is the most widely used one.

Tungsten carbide belongs to the ceramic phase and has the advantages of high melting point, high hardness, high electrical and thermal conductivity, stable chemical properties, etc. It is an ideal material for preparing wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coatings. However, due to the high melting point and high hardness of tungsten carbide (WC), the adhesion between the sprayed tungsten carbide particles and the substrate is poor, and oxidation occurs when air temperature raise. Therefore, the pure tungsten carbide powder is rarely used alone as a thermal spray powder material, and it is usually required to add a metal or alloy such as Co, Ni, Ni-Cr. The binder phase is used as a sintered powder or a coated powder for thermal spraying.

During the brazing of tungsten carbide mining button, the size of welding gap is the key factor that will affect the density and strength of weld line. If the gap is too narrow, it will hinder the inflow of the solder; if the gap is too wide, it will destroy capillary action so that the solder can not fill the gap. 

China is the world's largest producer of tungsten and a major producer of tin. Southern Yunnan and Western Yunnan of China are the main origin of tungsten-tin paragenic ore. Since it is difficult to apply the conventional methods (gravity concentration, froth flotation or magnetic separation) to separate the tungsten-tin ore, thousands of tons of them have been wasted. When tungsten exists as an impurity in tin concentrate, it is not only wasted, but also affects the cost of tin metallurgy and the quality of tin products; while tin exists in tungsten products as impurities, even if the amount is very small, the quality of tungsten products has been adversely affected.

In the pseudo-binary system Nb2O5/WO3, Nb8W9O47, crystallizing in a threefold superstructure of the tetragonal tungsten bronze (TTB) type, represents the most stable compound. The superstructure arises from a systematic occupation of a part of the pentagonal channels with metal-oxygen strings (see figure).