As a typical product made from the refractory metal molybdenum (Mo), molybdenum bar is a rod - shaped item with molybdenum as its primary raw material. Therefore, it is often referred to as a molybdenum rod or molybdenum stick. In English, it is known as "molybdenum bar" or "molybdenum rod." With a purity of up to 99.7%, it is widely used in metallurgy, power equipment, and other fields due to its excellent thermal, mechanical, chemical, and electrical properties.

Similar to tungsten alloy dart shafts, the tungsten alloy nut is a common tungsten product made with refractory metal tungsten as the base and metals like nickel and iron as auxiliary materials. It features a central hole with internal threading. In production and application, it is often referred to as a tungsten nut or tungsten cap, with the English name Tungsten Alloy Nut or Tungsten Nut.

The yttrium tungsten electrode is a composite electrode made from tungsten and yttrium, created by adding an appropriate amount of yttrium oxide (Y₂O₃) as a modifier to a pure tungsten electrode. Its English name is yttrium tungsten electrode, with a common grade of WY20, a blue color-coded tip, diameters ranging from 0.5mm to 12.0mm, and lengths typically of 150mm or 175mm.

Tungsten putty is a novel tungsten product made by bonding tungsten powder with a high-molecular polymer. Unlike typical tungsten products, it differs significantly in both shape and physicochemical properties. It is neither in the form of tungsten oxide powder nor the appearance of high-density tungsten alloys.

Ammonium metatungstate (AMT) is a significant tungstate compound, typically represented by the chemical formula (NH₄)₆H₂W₁₂O₄₀·nH₂O (where n is the number of water molecules of crystallization, commonly 1 or 2). Structurally, it belongs to the polyoxometalate family known as "tungsten clusters." Its core structure consists of 12 tungsten-oxygen octahedra connected through shared oxygen atoms, forming a cyclic or cage-like framework, with ammonium ions and protonated water molecules filling the gaps.

The electronic work function of barium tungsten electrode is its core performance indicator, which directly affects its emission efficiency, operating temperature and life as a hot cathode. The factors affecting the electronic work function of barium tungsten electrode mainly include the following aspects:

Barium tungsten electrodes are a cathode material widely used in electronic equipment and vacuum tubes such as displays, radars, and communications equipment. Its life is affected by a combination of factors.

Barium tungsten electrode is a cathode material widely used in vacuum electronic devices (such as electron guns and microwave tubes). Its microscopic defects have an important influence on the electron emission performance, thermal stability and mechanical strength of the electrode. The following are the main factors affecting the microscopic defects of barium tungsten electrodes:

The factors affecting the purity of barium tungsten electrode materials run through the entire process of its preparation, processing, storage and use, involving multiple links such as raw material selection, process control, and environmental management.

The stability of barium tungsten electrode (usually refers to barium tungsten cathode, a hot cathode electron emission material) in high-frequency electric field (such as microwave tube, magnetron, traveling wave tube, etc.) is its core performance indicator. The factors affecting the stability of high-frequency electric field of barium tungsten electrode mainly include the following aspects: