Specific surface area refers to the total surface area per unit mass of a substance, typically measured in m²/g or m²/kg. For ammonium metatungstate (AMT) powder, this includes not only the external surface area of the particles but also the surface area of internal pores, cracks, and other microstructural features. This parameter directly reflects the degree of dispersion and surface activity of the material—finer particles or greater porosity result in a larger specific surface area.

The bulk density of ammonium metatungstate (AMT) refers to the mass per unit volume of AMT powder in its naturally piled state, typically measured in g/cm³ or kg/m³. The term "natural piling" emphasizes that the powder is not compacted by external force but settles freely into a container under gravity, reflecting microstructural features such as porosity between particles, particle shape, particle size distribution, and surface roughness.

Ammonium metatungstate (AMT), a typical transition metal compound, appears as a white crystalline powder or slightly yellowish powder, with the molecular formula H28N6O41W12 and a density of 2.3-2.8 g/cm³. It has a wide range of applications. In the field of catalysis, AMT excels as a catalyst and support for reactions like hydrogenation and dehydrogenation in petrochemical processes. In functional materials, it is used to prepare tungsten-based energy storage materials and electrochromic materials. AMT is also utilized in producing ultrafine tungsten powder, tungsten alloys, as well as serving as an analytical reagent and an additive in ceramic materials.

The thermal shock resistance of barium tungsten electrodes is affected by many factors. The following is an analysis of the main influencing factors:

The thermal conductivity of barium tungsten electrode is affected by the combined effect of multiple factors, involving multiple aspects such as material science, thermodynamics and preparation process.

Barium tungsten electrodes are mainly used for certain specific applications, such as plasma welding or discharge machining, and their burnout rate (the loss rate of electrode materials caused by high temperature, arc or other factors during operation) is affected by many factors. The following are the main factors affecting the burnout rate of barium tungsten electrodes:

The emission efficiency of barium tungsten electrodes is the result of the coupling of multiple influencing factors, mainly involving material properties, preparation process, working conditions and environment, etc.

The factors affecting the surface roughness of barium tungsten electrodes involve multiple links such as material preparation, working environment, processing technology and post-treatment, and their formation mechanism is complex and interrelated.

The thermal expansion coefficient of barium tungsten electrode is mainly affected by factors such as material composition (ratio of barium to tungsten, doping elements), microstructure (grain size, porosity), preparation process (sintering, pressing, heat treatment) and use environment (temperature, atmosphere).

The grain size of barium tungsten electrode is crucial to its performance (such as electron emission ability, thermal stability and mechanical strength), and its influencing factors can be summarized as follows: