"Rare case" sounded the alarm

March 26 World Trade Organization (WTO) Panel decides that China violated WTO rules in rare earth export quota and tax aspects and violate WTO commitments. Country on April 17 to appeal to the WTO Dispute Settlement Body .

Insiders pointed out that , for this case , China should strive to respect rights . Meanwhile, the case is also to some extent to the relevant CE sounded the alarm industry extensive , unsustainable development patterns must be changed , but also international trade rules should be applied flexibly .


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RE market demand is low, low corporate profits

RE market price two days were no major changes , poor market transactions . Insiders said the report doubts that the income will not so low , but low profit margin, he agrees , with "very low " to describe the current profitability of the rare earth market.

Praseodymium neodymium products, the current market price of the mainstream No significant adjustment , with votes still 41.5-42 yuan / ton, praseodymium , neodymium quote is more concentrated in the 325,000 yuan / ton. Recent downstream NdFeB industry running smoothly , although not a great demand , but the quote basically stable.

Dysprosium products market , the current external offer basic still 165-170 ten thousand yuan / ton , a trader said Ganzhou price of dysprosium oxide is now shipped with no votes at 142 yuan / ton, the current market price of dysprosium iron is also more steady at 175 yuan / ton or lower , the amount of purchases and inquiries unlikely.

Europium, terbium market , europium oxide turnover in the doldrums , the price temporarily no signs of a rebound , Ganzhou area businesses that currently europium oxide with votes still 3900-4100 yuan / kg , but not with votes in the 3350 yuan / kg , according to a trader now only reflect the goods when the customer will want to find some relatively low-priced goods to delivery. Baotou Rare Earth Exchange as of 14:00 today europium oxide maximum price displayed is 4849 yuan / kg , volume of only 112 kg . Terbium oxide stable at current prices 3200-3300 yuan / kg , quoted Baotou Rare Earth Exchange is still strong today, the highest price displayed on the 4022 yuan / kg , volume of about 200 kg .


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Rare earth export quota policy mind

World Trade Organization (WTO) announced the United States , European Union, Japan v. China rare earths , tungsten, molybdenum export management measures related to the case of the panel report , ruled that the export control measures Chinese products involved violations.

In accordance with WTO rules , China is still 60 days to appeal , if the final result is difficult to change , for the rare earths , tungsten, molybdenum export quota management system of three raw materials may be canceled.

In the industry view , the rare earth export quota dispute , although full of differences and conflicts of national interests , but also fully exposed the long-standing China's rare earth industry .

As the first rare earth producer and exporter country, but the development of China's rare earth market was chaotic . Overcapacity in the domestic rare earth mining is very serious , serious waste of resources and ecological damage. Disorderly competition makes the "industrial gold" has sold rare earth became " cabbage price ." And with this in stark contrast to the United States, Australia and other countries extremely rare earth resources , but their limitations and stop the exploitation of rare earth in favor of imports from China .

Back in 2001 the accession negotiations for accession to the WTO, China as promised , within the prescribed period canceled out most of the products ( feed ) export quota , the Commerce Department data show that the public in 2009 between 2001-2006 , China's export volume of rare earth products maintained at between 40,000 to 80,000 tons . In order to further standardize the development of rare earth industry , in 2009 , the State Ministry to develop "special Rare Earth Industry Development Plan ( 2009-2015 ) ", clearly 2009-2015 annual export of rare earth no more than 35,000 tons . 2010 , fell to 30,258 tons of export quotas beginning .

Zhang Anwen said to heavy rare earth mining in southern China as an example: In order to get 10,000 tons of heavy rare earth oxides, 100 square kilometers of vegetation will result in the destruction consideration shocking. " Our pay and unequal access to a serious imbalance . " Zhang Anwen respect, protection of resources and the environment and regulate industrial order , it is the policy of our government to implement protective measures against the rare earth industry in mind.

"Although China's rare earth export quota system eventually sentenced violations, but after a full defense and the burden of proof , WTO Expert Group endorsed the policy objective for China is still protecting the environment, resources and sustainable development needs , in line with the special nature of WTO rules . " Zhang Anwen said .

Rare earth prices Governance secure first

If the complainant is still not ideal situation , China will have to amend the related export restrictions , which will have a greater impact on the rare earth industry ?

" RE game depends largely on the price . " Zhang Anwen said that in the short term, the rare earth market may form a certain degree of price volatility . The large fluctuations in the price of rare earth products for the downstream industry chain development is not the gospel.

"fear of rare earth price spike . " Shenzhen Tianli and Magnetic Industry Co., head of marketing , said the company set up in Ganzhou NdFeB production base, in rare metals processing, production of NdFeB, magnetic buttons , and other magnetic products. 2011 to 2012, the roller coaster of rare earth raw material price changes , so that the whole industry enterprises to withstand a lot of pressure . As the rare earth raw materials skyrocketing , even smaller than the profits of deep processing of raw materials mining profits. Rare earth materials soaring overnight over a lot of people are doing magnetic materials, has nothing to do with the rare people who started in this industry , and now serious excess capacity many companies have cut production and protect the price . The demand side of enterprises turn to look for other alternative materials , magnetic materials applications hit the market .

" Rare earth prices , the first rule secure . " Zhang Anwen said that industrial development is the most taboo volatility in raw material prices , the further development of rare earth downstream industries, to promote the application of rare earth material harm than benefit . Should establish a relatively stable price formation mechanism of rare earth products , to provide a stable environment for the enterprise market enterprises downstream applications .

2013 onwards, China Rare Earth Industry Association has released the rare earth industry price index in the form of the price range from the industry 's 25 most representative sample of companies forming daily trading price statistics . Maintenance industry run by the price index , the impact of inhibiting capital speculation .

Zhang Anwen also reminded enterprises, foreign rare earth development and utilization of international environmental concern. United States , Australia, India and Russia have a wealth of rare earth resources, in 2013 , Greenland abolished the ban on uranium mining and rare earth mine , allowing domestic and foreign mining companies exploiting mineral resources in its territory in the Arctic . This means that in the future , in the world or the formation of diversified international rare earth supply system.


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My preliminary WTO export restrictions of rare earth export quotas for years irregularities or termination

WTO announced the United States, European Union, Japan v. China rare earths , tungsten, molybdenum export management measures related to the case of the panel report , ruled that the export control measures Chinese products involved violations. Industry analysts, after nine raw materials case , China's rare earth export restrictions has once again been cut violations, which means that China 's export quota system for many years , or face the end.

Expert Group report that our export tariffs on rare earths , tungsten, molybdenum related products take management measures and export quotas for rare earths , molybdenum export performance and export enterprises registered capital requirements imposed does not comply with the relevant WTO provisions . The report notes that China's rare earth export restrictions adopted failed to demonstrate protection of natural resources , but not with restrictions on domestic production or consumption measures implemented together .

" China is currently evaluating the report panel decisions and make proper follow-up of the case under the WTO dispute settlement procedures . " Commerce Department of Treaty and Law , 26, said the person in charge . Meanwhile, deputy secretary general of China Association of Chen Zhanheng rare interview with reporters, said that at present the Association has prepared the report for the determination of the specific content of study and assess the impact of China 's rare earth industry award and member companies , the next step will be based on the assessment results take some measures .

Reporters learned that, according to the WTO dispute settlement practice, the panel report issued within 60 days of our country can appeal . After 3-4 months , WTO will issue a final ruling. If the final ruling is still considered China's rare earth export restrictions violation, then our country will be implementing the WTO ruling, amend the related export restrictions .

" For now, there are three members of a group of experts to support China's claims , but also in the WTO members , there are also a member of several developing countries support China's position , Russia, as a third party to join the negotiations also provided evidence to support this a stand. These are favorable conditions for China's appeal of the case . " A law pointed out that China should actively appeal , promising to fight v. points . But he also said that the conclusions of the panel report is completely overturned little chance of winning .

It is noteworthy that , just five years ago, the Chinese but had a similar case to sit in the dock WTO . 2009 , the United States , European Union, Mexico will China bauxite , coke, fluorspar and other nine kinds of raw materials export control measures taken to WTO. January 31, 2012 , WTO issued a report dismissing the appeal request China based on environmental or supply shortages preliminary ruling raised the export of nine raw materials, the final ruling I restriction violation .

"In fact, at the time Europe Dispute filed materials , it has been the layout , the goal is for the rare earth testing the waters . " An industry source pointed out that , while the real worry is him , rare earth might be only one incision , the real purpose of Europe and America to the ultimate impact of the country 's export control system of strategic resources .

According to " 2014 list of goods export license management " , China's export quota license management has 22 kinds of goods , export quota bidding has four kinds , covering mainly agricultural products, coal , crude oil and other energy products , as well as a small amount of non-ferrous metal resources . Earlier, after the WTO Dispute raw accordance ruling , China has canceled the export quota of nine measures of raw materials . That is, if the rare earth products involved in the case and then cancel the quota management , then the field of non-ferrous metals will bid farewell to the " Quota Era" .

In China WTO Research Institute of Foreign Economic and Trade University Tu Xinquan opinion, this export quota management system in China since the 1980s began undoubtedly a challenge. One of the most critical is that even rare cases settled, there will be a game behind the other strategic resources. Therefore, China must be prepared at the strategic level , and the current domestic likely " invited heavy criticism " of the relevant measures for reflection.

"In order to reverse the unfavorable situation in the WTO , China's rare earth policy has shifted production processes . " Ministry of Industry and Raw Materials Division , an official told reporters. 2012 began to include more competent departments of Commerce, Ministry of Environmental Protection , the Ministry of Industry , the Ministry of Land began frequently "hit " rectification rare order. Following the State Council issued the first " China 's rare earth conditions and policies ," the White Paper , the Ministry will launch a rare "black industry" chain governance , some do not meet environmental and industrial policies of rare earth mining and production companies have suspend production for rectification . Rare long-awaited plan is also the beginning of a large group "released ."

"We are worried that the losing is actually on China's export quota system of sanctions to a greater extent , after the formation of this rule , once after we found other rare disorder but was exported resources, we can not the use of such methods for protection. "the source said.

He Weiwen China WTO Research Association , told reporters that the rules significance than practical significance rare cases . In fact the last two years because of the international market supply and demand pattern of rare earth changes, China 's quota is not enough, but used up . So even cancel future of rare earth quotas, market and industry will not happen much impact. Management of critical rare earth industry lies in the consolidation of the country .

He Weiwen think , on the one hand , China should step up strategic research related to strategic resource protection ; on the other hand , in the face of foreign products on our resources , " proactive " , China also should actively reserve " counter-measures " . "For example, can the United States and other oil or gas exports also filed a lawsuit , of course, carefully prepared on the basis of research . "


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Build a rare earth new materials industry demonstration base

Recently, Pingyuan and China Electronic Information Industry Development Institute in Beijing signed a strategic cooperation framework agreement to build a national rare earth new materials industry demonstration base and wisdom of urban and rural pilot counties , while the CRE Industry signed a series of projects settled in the framework of Pingyuan agreement.

Under the agreement, the institute will be flat rare earth new materials industry base far in five years to develop scientific, forward-looking , practical operation of industrial development planning, guiding the orderly and healthy development of rare earth new materials industry of the county to assist in the reporting of rare earth national new industrialization demonstration base in the field of new materials, in order to put ministry cooperation .

Research will focus on " the wisdom of urban and rural Pingyuan " building needs , the preparation of construction plans and technical solutions to improve the level of urbanization of the county . Meanwhile Institute will be responsible for the overall level of construction planning and technical implementation of the program is much wisdom of urban and rural construction , butt -related resources , and promote the process of urban and rural construction Pingyuan wisdom . CRE Industrial lithium battery cathode material in the county of ecological industrial park construction power , battery and other high- energy batteries, and rare earth new materials and other production projects.


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The other side of the dispute behind China's rare earth exports

World Trade Organization (WTO) announced the United States , European Union, Japan v. China rare earths , tungsten, molybdenum export management measures related to the case of the panel report , ruled that the export control measures Chinese products involved violations. In the industry view, the rare earth export quota dispute , although full of differences and conflicts of national interests , but also fully exposed the long-standing China's rare earth industry .

According to China Economic Weekly reported that in 2012 , the State Council Information Office published "China 's rare earth conditions and policies ," White Paper , China's rare earth reserves account for about 23% of the world's total reserves. However, China has undertaken more than 90% of rare earth supply on the world market , was even more than 97% .

In addition, as a rare earth producer and exporter of the first big country , but the development of China's rare earth market was chaotic . Overcapacity in the domestic rare earth mining is very serious , serious waste of resources and ecological damage. Disorderly competition makes the "industrial gold" has sold rare earth became " cabbage price ." And with this in stark contrast to the United States, Australia and other countries extremely rare earth resources , but their limitations and stop the exploitation of rare earth in favor of imports from China .

It is worth mentioning that a total of 17 kinds of rare earth elements , generally divided into mild , moderate and severe categories. Which lanthanum, cerium and other light metal , widely used in metallurgy, textiles, ceramics , glass, magnetic materials and other civilian areas ; yttrium, dysprosium, terbium and other heavy rare earth metals , laser cutting-edge industry , nuclear industry, superconductivity and other necessary , is a valuable strategic resource , known as the "industrial vitamins ."

According to Zhang Anwen , deputy secretary general of China Society of Rare Earths , said the heavy rare earth mining in southern China as an example: In order to get 10,000 tons of heavy rare earth oxides, 100 square kilometers of vegetation will result in the destruction consideration shocking. " Our pay and unequal access to a serious imbalance . " Zhang Anwen respect, protection of resources and the environment and regulate industrial order , it is the policy of our government to implement protective measures against the rare earth industry in mind.

"Although China's rare earth export quota system eventually sentenced violations, but after a full defense and the burden of proof , WTO Expert Group endorsed the policy objective for China is still protecting the environment, resources and sustainable development needs , in line with the special nature of WTO rules . " Zhang Anwen said .

It should be noted is that China is a " rare big country" , they are not "rare earth power ."

Rare earth industry itself has a very prominent issue, focus on performance in five areas . First, the rare earth mining , smelting production overcapacity serious , rare earth oxides capacity and yield ratio ( ie, the excess factor ) is about 3.2 , much higher than steel, cement overcapacity excess coefficient industry ; Second, high prices and Gregory under driven by mining and smelting separation, environmental pollution and ecological damage costly ; third , private mining digging , serious cases of smuggling of rare earth , rare earth prices under long-term impact of non- market factors ; fourth , industry concentration is not enough ; fifth , downstream of China's rare earth industry development is weak , the situation in the " nuclear high base " and the kinds of applications of rare earth materials more serious .

" Rare earth prices , the first rule secure . " Zhang Anwen said that industrial development is the most taboo volatility in raw material prices , the further development of rare earth downstream industries, to promote the application of rare earth material harm than benefit . Should establish a relatively stable price formation mechanism of rare earth products , to provide a stable environment for the enterprise market enterprises downstream applications .

2013 onwards, China Rare Earth Industry Association has released the rare earth industry price index in the form of the price range from the industry 's 25 most representative sample of companies forming daily trading price statistics . Maintenance industry run by the price index , the impact of inhibiting capital speculation .

Zhang Anwen also reminded enterprises, foreign rare earth development and utilization of international environmental concern. United States , Australia, India and Russia have a wealth of rare earth resources, in 2013 , Greenland abolished the ban on uranium mining and rare earth mine , allowing domestic and foreign mining companies exploiting mineral resources in its territory in the Arctic . This means that in the future , in the world or the formation of diversified international rare earth supply system.


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Baotou Steel Rare Earth involved in developing a number of rare earth GB

Recently , the National Rare Standards and Technology Committee ( hereinafter referred to dilute Standard Committee ) organizational meeting was held in Beijing to discuss and validation "rare earth grades representation ", " rare earth phosphor chemical analysis methods obsolete " and 18 rare earth standards. Baotou Steel Rare Earth and Rare hospital subordinate units , International Trade Company , and the United States companies, hydrogen storage companies represented, and participate in the development of a number of criteria.

Among them, " europium oxide ", " Sm-Eu- Gd enrichment ", " Sintered NdFeB ( GB amended , ASTM standards ) " three product standards , conducted by Baotou Steel Rare Earth and Rare Earth as the main drafter of the hospital validation, pre-trial and discussion ; a standard method " abandoned chemical analysis of rare earth phosphors part I: Determination of total rare earth oxides " discussed by the hospital as the main drafter of the rare earth ; "rare earth grades representation " and other standards set by Baotou Steel Rare Earth subsidiary as part of the drafters to participate in the second examination . The meeting also standard on the 2014-2015 project to demonstrate rare , rare earth homes and companies made ​​a total of seven hydrogen storage industry standard method of formulating recommendations .

As an industry leading enterprises and dilute standard committee of members of the unit , Baotou Steel Rare Earth and some subordinate units attached great importance to industry standards , and actively participate in industry standards , national standards in RE has done a lot of fruitful work , has been the national authorities and industry recognition. It is understood that from now on the whole rare earth industry point of view of national standards , national standards system is not perfect rare earth industry , many of the standard and the actual gap , rare earth industry standards and failed to do the coordination of development , many of the standard does not have guidance from this perspective, the rare earth standardization work needs to be done as well.


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April 22, 2014 RE Price Quotes

Low steady-based rare-earth prices . Fluorescent light makes the downstream industry price weakness yttrium oxide, europium price Yindie mainstream traded at around 4,000 yuan / kg. Downstream polishing powder industry is also conceal weakness , lanthanum , cerium prices have continued Yindie quoted in the mainstream at present, although 20,000 yuan / ton, the actual transaction price were lower than 20,000 yuan / ton. NdFeB downstream market is relatively steady, praseodymium , neodymium and other temporary price change. Other rare species are vulnerable price stability maintenance based.

Dysprosium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax 165-170 yuan / ton, dysprosium iron mainstream manufacturers tax price 170-175 yuan / ton.

Lanthanum oxide manufacturers tax price 19,000-21,000 yuan / ton. Cerium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 20,000-22,000 yuan / ton.

Praseodymium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 570,000-580,000 yuan / ton. Neodymium oxide 310,000-320,000 yuan / ton.

Neodymium oxide, praseodymium mainstream manufacturers tax price 315,000-325,000 yuan / ton , praseodymium , neodymium metal mainstream manufacturers tax price 410,000-420,000 yuan / ton.

Fluorescent europium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 4,000-4,100 yuan / kg. Terbium oxide phosphor grade mainstream manufacturers tax price 3,000-3,200 yuan / kg.


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Rare case of double standards in Western countries is difficult to shake China's environmental protection goals

China on the World Trade Organization (WTO) ruling to the organization identified the Chinese rare earth export management measures violations appeal. Ministry of Commerce spokesman Shen Danyang said China will make every effort to appeal to work , regardless of the outcome of the appeal , Chinese protection of resources , environmental policy objectives will not change . For a long time , a lot of countries to protect local resources and the environment , adopt strategies for rare earth mining without closure , while China has only about three percent of the world's rare earth supply over 90% of the global market . China 's dedication did not give proper thanks to the harvest , but because of restrictions on the export of initiatives to protect the environment by some countries at the WTO report .

Long-term low-cost supply of rare earth

Rare earth resources is a key material in many major weapons systems , its most notable feature is the substantial increase in the quality and the performance of other products , known industry " gold" . According to reports, the rich United States, Europe and other Western countries of rare earth resources, but had to stop mining in favor of a large purchase from China . Japan 's total imports of rare earth only 1 / 3 for the production , and the rest is used as a strategic reserve.

Mining and other countries cherish different sellers, while China has a large number of low-cost supply of rare earths to the world . Data from the Ministry of Industry show that China 's rare earth reserves account for 36 percent of the global supply of it accounted for more than 95 percent worldwide. Disorderly exploitation of long-term , China's environment has been severely damaged , mined forest becomes generally sandy , barren farmland , water pollution , waste slag piles up the mountain . In recent years , the government began to strengthen management , the introduction of the export quota policy .

China 's rare earth export restrictions foreign policy upset a lot of cheap Chinese rare earth enjoy a good day , causing them strong dissatisfaction.

According to reports, as early as March 13, 2012 , the United States , the European Union and Japan to resort to WTO dispute settlement mechanism on China's export restrictions on rare earths , tungsten and molybdenum , March 26 this year , the WTO panel report preliminary ruled that the export control measures Chinese products involved violations. April 8 , the United States further in relation to rare cases appealed.

Unjust double standard

Ignoring the status quo of China resource depletion, environmental destruction , and some Western countries only consider themselves completely easy to use rare earths , this "convenience " includes not only the number of abundant, there are cheap.

Chinese exports of rare earth was cheaper to just 18 yuan per kilogram , while the international market prices as high as $ 1,000 / kg. After the implementation of the quota system , China 's rare earth export volumes and prices are no longer fit the original buyer's appetite.

In fact, export restrictions did not affect the use of the international market demand for rare earth . Statistics show that in 2011 China's rare earth export quotas only took 52.01 percent in 2012 was only 48.75% , while in 2013 the total export quota of 24,000 tons of rare earth , rare earth export quota for the year's actual physical product was only 22,900 tons , did not complete the quota . Experts pointed out that Western countries against China not because buy rare , mainly Xiangui , like low-cost access to resources . However , more exploitation of rare earth resources , the less certainly sell more expensive.

On the rare earths , the Chinese pay much more affected have wronged . Some Western countries have turned a deaf ear to blindly request. Experts point out that , WTO extremely strict export controls on certain countries turn a blind eye , but then China to protect the environment , not against any country and the introduction of control measures sentenced violations. This award is equivalent to force China to abandon export restrictions means opting for a higher cost , less efficient otherwise protect their own resources and the environment.

Protection of the environment continue to defend

Unfavorable ruling, China did not flinch , choose to continue to defend in order to protect their homes. In accordance with WTO rules , the panel report released in 60 days , the parties may appeal .


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Base metals remain volatile, vulnerable reproduction of rare earth products

It is understood that the number of claims ( April 21 ) Shanghai stock metal differentiation, closing, copper ( 46420 , -80.00 , -0.17 % ) , Shanghai closed up 0.56% lead , respectively , 0.18% , while the Shanghai aluminum ( 13,245 , 45.00 , 0.34% ) , Shanghai zinc ( 15080 , 20.00 , 0.13% ) is down 0.15% , 0.07%. LME market on Friday and Monday will be due to the Easter holiday. Change the domestic spot market continued differentiation of the situation, nickel continued to move up sharply earlier highs , down 0.06% copper and other base metals rose slightly , led by the performance , external disk Rest failed to give guidance to bring the domestic futures market , the domestic non-ferrous market is sideways phase.

Near boosted metals market, spot market sentiment has improved, some varieties also relieve pressure on the stock , as of the period 18 April an inventory of the various base metals basically a downward trend , while copper inventories last week further reduction 10000 ton, but some species still faces excess pressure , involvement in a sustained release of primary aluminum production capacity, China 's primary aluminum production continued to grow, domestic aluminum market remains under pressure , the nickel spot is concerned, although the recent rise slowed, rally contraction, but Indonesia's policy to continue executive , will lead to rapid digestion of domestic nickel ore and ferronickel into inventory , no domestic factories reluctant to sell , the behavior of the current stockpile also reduces the supply of the spot market , nickel prices will continue to be supported in the short term . Overall, the majority of businesses in the weekly performance of the market is uncertain situations slightly cautious, downstream users to maintain demand procurement status . Analysts believe the second quarter Fan Yanxia colored market or slowly out of the doldrums .

Small metal index on April 21 to 933 points, down by one point from the previous day , the highest point over the period 1000 ( 2011-12-04 ) fell by 6.70% , compared to 30 July 2013 the lowest point of 903 points up up 3.32 percent . ( Note: The period refers 2011-12-01 far ) .

Rare Index April 21 to 407 points from the previous day down 3 points, the highest point over the period 1000 ( 2011-12-06 ) fell by 59.30% , compared to 23 June 2013 the lowest point up 300 points 35.67% . ( Note: The period refers 2011-12-01 far ) . Rare earth products into weak , despite purchasing and storage support, but deserted market inquiry , demand for light , is expected to maintain the short-term rare earth prices fluctuated .

Judging from the recent market performance, the domestic market to maintain a slight upward trend colored , seems to have shown signs of the current market has hit bottom , some orders downstream manufacturers have increased the amount of signs , but the rebound kinetic energy of the outstanding level of attainment , analysts expect with Fan Yanxia the demand will expand the market embarked on a wave rally , rebound still depend on downstream demand.


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