Zhang Jian: look Chinese restrictions on the export of rare earth lost

World Trade Organization WTO announced the United States and Europe v. rare earths , tungsten, molybdenum export management measures related to the case of the panel report China , ruled the Chinese export management products involved violations.

This result should be able to expect. Two years ago, the WTO ruled that China's restrictions on including bauxite , coke, magnesium, manganese and zinc in the case of nine kinds of illegal export of raw materials , China has been foreshadowed in the case of rare earth export restrictions are also doomed fate.

The news , as usual, will be left to find reasons to prove , " China has always been right ," such as "Liberation Army Daily " published remarks as " double standards " , " bend the rules " , the official said that China 's foreign trade business to continue studies to assess . WTO regulations within sixty days to appeal . It is said that China respects ready to appeal , but we all know that completely overturned this ruling little chance of winning . In this regard, Chinese official sources quite indignant meaning.

China WTO ruling seems to feel aggrieved. First, China needs to import a lot of minerals, raw materials and other commodities from the international market . Whenever China needs these commodities , the rise in commodity prices has frequently , for example, when China to import large quantities of iron ore jumped up , China has no complaints , have not seen anything to come forward WTO ruling . Secondly, the reason for China to impose export taxes and export of rare earth export quotas limit its intention also to protect the environment and the conservation of exhaustible natural resources.

WTO ruling on China's rare earth export violations , mainly manifested in two aspects, one on a rare earth exports increased export taxes , and second only export a certain amount each year , which is the export quotas. And these two are all committed to the year when China joined the WTO.

In China's official view, if canceled rare earth export quotas and export taxes , the international market price of rare earth will certainly be down, and the reason why the U.S. and European Day against China 's rare earth export violations, is to buy at the lowest price of rare earth .

Destroy their WTO commitments into

Rare has " industrial vitamins ," said the missile is large , small chips to computers and mobile phones are indispensable raw materials . China has long been the world's rare earth reserves in Twenty three percent supply 90 percent of rare earth products to the international market. Deng had said: "The Middle East has oil , we have the rare earths ." However , China does not seem like a lot of oil reserves in the Middle East has a lot of that to make money .

There was a long period of Chinese rare earth mining disorder , resulting in the exploitation of rare earth resources, the local environment has been severely damaged . In both north and south China ─ ─ Inner Mongolia Baotou Rare Earth powerhouse and Ganzhou, Jiangxi , for example, due to indiscriminate Baotou cause water pollution, the threat of the Yellow River water quality and safety ; and Ganzhou Rare Earth cause indiscriminate source of Dongjiang department was severely damaged, preliminary estimates restore the ecological needs at least thirty-eight billion yuan . Any resource -rich regions of the world are overflowing with places that China was only left the region after the destruction of an ecosystem of rare earth indiscriminate . On the other hand , due to the rare disorder caused by indiscriminate export of cut-throat competition , the international price of rare earths was equivalent to loess, cabbage.

2005 ─ ─ 2008 , the Chinese government intervened in the . Government export taxes and reducing export quotas , not only improve the international price of rare earth , Chinese government earn some money , and in the second ○一○年embargo on rare earth mine in Japan . Chinese official about it in their own government intervention on the rare earth industry, serve, not only be harvested economically and politically in Japan can get one.

As everyone knows, this is a clear violation of the relevant provisions of the WTO and WTO commitments when China's own , destroy the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CCP keeps saying to strengthen market rules , and such a move also transfer those costs should have been borne mining responsibility of enterprises.

2011 China's State Council issued the " Opinions on Promoting the sustainable and healthy development of rare earth industry ," under the auspices of the Ministry of State , set up several large state-owned group specializing in rare earths , the basic form to large enterprises as the leading rare earth industry grid .

Thus , the phenomenon of low Luancai can stop rare earth industry , but its monopoly and "monopoly price" and inefficient enterprises almost impossible to avoid , and the power of the franchise is very easy to become right " rent-seeking" a . In particular, these central enterprises the power of our franchise come , not by management, technology has improved but the government mandate, how can they expect the future development of technology to improve the effectiveness of it?

Resource does not belong to state-owned sovereign franchise

In fact , WTO also focus on environmental protection and resource acknowledge the principle of sovereignty . In other words , WTO did not identify China 's rare earth export prices should be " loess price" , "cabbage price" , nor that the Chinese rare earth mining can not repair the damage to the local ecology or the local ecology to local sufficient compensation . WTO against the Chinese government in addition to just administrative intervention in commodity export duties and export quotas limit .

China 's rare earth, of course, belongs to China . But at a higher level use of resources on the planet also belongs to all mankind , just under the principle of sovereign resources , the need for equivalent exchange . In the context of economic globalization, the more necessary in the global exchange of equal freedom and equality .

In this sense , any enterprise under the premise of protecting the environment , after the purchase of the mining rights and pay full compensation to the local ecology of rare earth resources in the sovereign owner, has the right to exploit orderly trading rare earth mine , neither the Chinese government needs to levy export taxes , export quota system , but do not need the Chinese government has enacted several large state-owned enterprise specializing in China 's rare earth mine .

WTO to recognize China's sovereignty over China's rare earth resources , that is, all the Chinese people 's property. Today, the Chinese government side of the rare earth export levy taxes, export quotas , the other side is a state-owned enterprise specializing in the development of several domestic rare earth , quite a bit of resources to all the Chinese people 's sovereignty ─ ─ rare for himself and some few agents specializing in state-owned enterprises taste. But rather , the WTO ruling against the Chinese government under the auspices of the World Trade Order and Justice , but also speak up for the rights of ordinary Chinese people in China 's rare earth mine .

It should be said that China is in the process of economic globalization, the biggest benefit , China's accession to the WTO ten years, economic output doubled. However, " Liberation Army Daily " has boasted , WTO ruling against China's restrictions on exports of rare earths , is " Europe Day by the name of ' fairness ' , the abuse of the rules they led the development of " threatened to " how to better protect their own interests in international trade ." .

Now who can see , the WTO has been increasingly unable to meet immediate and future developments in the international trade , WTO Doha negotiations stalled on this point. The future of international trade on the implication in today's world of three ongoing negotiations , namely trans-Atlantic negotiations TTIP, Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement negotiations on TPP, and re- negotiate the rules of global trade in services TISA, as the world's largest trading nation the Chinese but was excluded from these three negotiations. China WTO rules are not even good faith compliance , then China 's international trade will have a future?


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