Grinding creates the greatest hazard as the exposed tungsten/thoria area is greatly increased and fine particles of potentially radioactive dust are released into the atmosphere.

It is recommended that a dedicated grindstone with local dust extraction is used, and a simple filter mask is worn unless the number of electrodes used is very small (less than about 20 per year). If the grinding wheel is not fitted with a protective viewing screen, eye protection should be worn. The air extract from the grindstone should be arranged so that the particles are deposited into a substantial disposable bag.

A safe method of collecting and handling the dust from the collection unit must be used to minimise release to the atmosphere (for example, it could be placed in a sealed paper/plastic bag.)

The area round the grinding wheels should be cleaned daily with a vacuum cleaner to remove dust particles. If a high efficiency vacuum cleaner is not available, then the material should be damped down to minimise dust.

Workers should be encouraged to wash their hands before using the toilet facilities, and before taking work breaks, and for this reason the washing facilities should be close to the work areas.

 
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Tungsten carbide coats the edges of blades for reciprocating saws, such as jigsaws and demolition reciprocal saws.

The back-and-forth sawing motion of these types of saws is well-suited for abrasion, and their coating of tungsten carbide grit allows them to grind through metals, ceramics and masonry.

Applications include removing cast iron pipes and metal fasteners during demolition or cutting access holes through stone and tile during remodeling.


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Drill bits is a kind of solid tungsten carbide or  tipped with it to provide the speed, accuracy and wear resistance required by machine shops and high-precision manufacturing applications.

Construction professionals and amateurs buy similar bits that attach to hand power drills, drill presses and hobbyist rotary tools. Precision drill bit and grinding tools with tungsten carbide tips might be used for milling or sculpting metal as well as decorative carving of stone and precious gemstones.

As materials scientist Dale Wittmer stated in a Southern Illinois University publication, "Tungsten carbide tools have been the standard for over 50 years in the mining industry."


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Soldering Picks are used to move solder pieces into position when applying heat. The special Tungsten metal won't stick to the solder or the metal so the solder stays where you put it. Tungsten has a sky high melting temperature of 4,470°F. It is excellent for use with platinum and the only metal where contamination is virtually impossible. Tungsten may be bent to the desired angle without breaking, and also works great with Gold and Silver.

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Fishing tackle industry continues to produce lead fishing sinkers. Lead-based paint has been banned in many places and at one point, lead ammunition for waterfowl was under assault from the Environmental Protection Agency. However, concerns for aquatic environments, clever fishermen and innovative marketing have succeeded in bringing about a rise in the popularity of no-lead fishing sinkers.

The cost of production materials is a primary concern for manufacturers of fishing sinkers. For some, processing other types of metal or metal alloys might require re-tooling molds and dyes that are only suitable for lead. However, several manufacturers have gone to alternative metals and market no-lead sinkers by promoting benefits that their product affords fishermen. One of the more widely used alternative materials is tungsten, which is more expensive than lead, but has properties that set it apart.

According to Wolf Tech, tungsten sinkers are smaller than lead sinkers of the same weight. This could reduce the likelihood of getting snagged on underground structures or rocks. Tungsten sinkers make more noise than lead when hitting the water, which can draw the attention of fish. In addition, several manufacturers produce tungsten sinkers in a variety of colors, which is another feature that's not available with conventional lead sinkers.

In contrast to softer lead sinkers, tungsten maintains its shape over time, is more brilliant than lead and is considered environmentally safe. Tungsten is a good choice for fisherman looking for indestructible no-lead sinkers.


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Tungsten alloy has very excellent behavior in shielding against X rays and gamma radiation.Tungsten also has another characteristic, very high melting point. By this, it can be used in high temperature which can not be used with lead, for example nuclear scrap container.

Tungsten  alloy shielding is used in applications such as collimator, nuclear shielding, beamstop, PET syringe shield, vial shield, isotope container, FDG container, multi leaf collimator etc

Nuclear medicine--Radiotherapy, using two rows of very thin tungsten alloy plates (Multi leaf collimator) to irradiate tumour by beams of radiation accurately, protecting the patient and medical staff against unneccessary radiation


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Tungsten carbide was first used in the 1920s when a German light-bulb company sought ways to make cheaper wiring for the light bulbs. Since tungsten carbide has a high melting point, this compound worked perfectly for light bulbs because the temperatures inside them get very hot.

The production of tungsten carbide was perfected by the 1930s and other elements were also added in order to make the compound useful for other applications.


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Tungsten carbide is made from carbon and tungsten. It is harder than steel and cut at higher temperatures. It also cut very accurately at high speeds, resulting in higher productivity. Tungsten carbide cuts abrasive materials, such as cast iron, glass and ceramics more effectively than steel.

Tungsten carbide is more expensive than steel tools or carbide-tipped drills. Tungsten carbide measures a nine on Moh's hardness scale, meaning it is about as hard as corundum, but not as hard as diamond. In addition, tungsten carbide is brittle and must be used in a rigid, stable setup that minimizes vibration and movement. Tungsten carbide also requires a steady temperature or the tools may fracture. Flood coolant can keep carbide cool.


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Nuclear research establishments use nuclear reactors or cyclotrons to study or create radioactive materials. Tungsten alloy is used in research activities as collimators (devices which guide or focus beams of radiation) or containers for radioactive isotopes.

Tungsten alloy is ideal for shielding against both X- and Gamma radiation. The very high density of tungsten alloy shielding (more than 60% denser than lead) allows a reduction in the physical size of shielding components, without compromising the effectiveness of the shielding characteristics.

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Industry advisory body to Roskill Information Services company headquartered in London in a report entitled "Tungsten: to the market outlook for 2016 (10)" industry report pointed out that, in the 1990s, the global tungsten market is characterized by oversupplycheap tungsten products flooding the market from China. This means that the product prices far below the cost of production, the most western tungsten producers have had to stop production. However, since 2000, the Chinese government began to take action by imposing production and export quotas, and the cancellation of export tax rebates on tungsten products, its tungsten industry control.

Carbide Drills material is tungsten and cobalt steel. In the era of oversupply, manufacturers and government agencies to reserve a large number of tungsten. These reserves of tungsten market prices played a "braking" effect. Now, most of these reserves of tungsten have been sold since 2005/2006, the the tungsten price movements and their supply / demand fundamentals related growing.
The start of the global economic downturn in 2009, the price of tungsten has dropped sharply. Chinese ammonium paratungstate (APT) prices fell by more than 20% from the end of 2008 to early 2010, the price of tungsten in Europe has seen a similar decline. Such a price decline of about 92% occurred in the first half of 2009, to stabilize the price of tungsten shows early signs of the second half of 2009. As the global economy began to improve from the fourth quarter of 2009, demand for tungsten also rebounded. Throughout 2010, the general improvement of the degree of economic boom the tungsten price rose steadily. In 2011, due to the supply of tungsten is difficult to fully meet the needs of the economic recovery of tungsten, tungsten price rising trend was accelerated.
Compared with the price trend similar metals (such as cobalt, nickel, and molybdenum), the tungsten price movements show that the strong tungsten market fundamentals. 2009, tungsten price decline up to 25% (see January 2007), significantly less than the price of some other metal decreased (70% nickel, molybdenum 68%, 43% cobalt). Since the 2009 credit crisis and economic recession, the the tungsten price rise also more robust. July 2011, when the cobalt, nickel, and molybdenum prices are still lower than the January 2007 price level (price index for 64, 64 and 58, respectively), the price of tungsten has 180% of the price in January 2007. This seems to be a clear indication that a relatively tight supply of tungsten, when demand is low, the price is relatively strong, and now has been restored to its pre-crisis level of consumption of tungsten, a strong rise in its price.
Years (ie not including recycling), and initial production of tungsten production rose steadily, from 35,650 tons of tungsten in 1998 increased to 56,500 tons of tungsten in 2008, an average annual growth rate of 4.7%. 2009, despite a sharp decline in demand for tungsten, tungsten production was further increased to approximately 61,500 tons of tungsten. This is almost entirely because of China's tungsten production increased 7,500 tons of Chinese tungsten consumption continues to grow, although other countries of the world economy was in trouble, but. 2010, with a further increase of Chinese tungsten production, global tungsten production again jumped to nearly 70,000 tons.

Historically, the initial production of tungsten can not fully meet the market demand, the need to make up the gap in the market through the sale of reserves tungsten. Most of these reserve materials are the former Soviet Union countries, but it is believed to now have been depleted. Strategic reserves of tungsten in the United States continued to decrease in speed of about 2,000-3,000 tons per year.
2009 credit crisis and subsequent economic recession means that most of the tungsten resource development projects have to consider the situation of the capital market. Two years ago, for any project financing are very difficult, even now, still limited funds there is a fierce competition. As a result, due to the commissioning of financing delays, the most important tungsten ore development projects are delayed at least 12 to 18 months. Beginning in 2011, with some projects have been delayed by the credit crunch put into operation, the production of tungsten ore may appear relatively strong growth. Most of the new project is expected to be commissioned in 2013-2015, but can not rule out the possibility of further delay commissioning date, which means that the significant growth of the tungsten production may occur in the period 2014-2016. The Roskill company forecast 2011 global tungsten mineral amount may be increased to 72,000 tons of tungsten, 2016, is expected to reach about 100,000 tons of tungsten.
 Recovery throughout 2010 and 2011, half a year, the economic recession caused by the credit crisis as most economies outside China as well as a corresponding increase in demand for tungsten, tungsten prices have been strong gains. To the end of September 2011, the price of domestic APT 450-460 U.S. dollars / metric ton, compared with the beginning of 2011, prices of $ 330 / metric ton, in the beginning of 2010, the price is only $ 200 / t degrees. APT price is much higher than the previous (June 2005) peak price ($ 300 / metric ton).
 The Roskill Company expects the tungsten market will fluctuate around a balanced level, 2011 and 2012, before the new supply entering the market, the tungsten market will remain in short supply in the state. The Roskill now expected in 2013, a time point will be the inflection point of the tungsten market supply exceeds demand. Assume that most of the plans tungsten mine development projects in production, it can be expected that the market appears to excess supply. However, if the time of the new supply entering the market further postponed, will soon be formed to outstrip supply, tungsten prices will remain higher than expected levels (likely to be extended to 2014).
APT in view of the current price level, Roskill expects APT average price for the whole year of 2011 will rise to a forecast $ 430 / t. 2012, is expected to only a handful of important new tungsten ore project substantially to market large supply of tungsten products, therefore, the market will continue to rely on existing manufacturer to respond to any demand growth. In view of this, Roskill expects tungsten supply will be further strained, so prices will rise further in 2012, the average price of APT will reach 475 U.S. dollars / ton.
2013-2015 period, with most of the plans of the new tungsten production capacity is expected to enter the market, is expected the tungsten price upward pressure will alleviate. Expected demand for tungsten will be continued growth after 2016, and thus generate more pressure on the supply side, and require the addition of new capacity.