Throwing Darts: The Science

Dart throwing is done with the arm. Do not move the body or shoulder during the throw. The elbow is fixed when pulling the dart back, but raised slightly when the dart is flung forward. This allows the hand to better follow the trajectory of the dart. Many experts use a wrist snap that makes the entire movement of the arm rather like the crack of a whip. This imparts speed to the dart. However, it is an advanced movement and may degrade accuracy for the beginner.

Some beginners do not pull back the dart when throwing. This is a mistake as it makes it difficult to get enough acceleration from the dart to reach the board with accuracy. Also it is important to follow through. One way to do this is end the throw by leaving the throwing arm extended with the hand pointing at the target. Try to avoid the dart wobbling in flight. This is usually caused by the dart being thrown at too much of an angle to the path of flight. The dart flights attempt to correct, and this causes the wobbling motion.

 

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Throwing Darts: The Art

A good dart throw begins with a good stance. It is best to align the body so that the throwing arm is forward. A right handed dart thrower will want his or her right foot next to the toe line. The body, should be aligned from 45 to 90 degrees from the toe line, with the opposite foot back. If the opposite foot is forward the thrower will have to sling the dart across the body. This makes for a longer throw. Also throws become awkward when the body is parallel to the oche.

Next it is important to develop a consistent grip. Probably the easiest grip for most beginners will be the pencil grip as this is familiar. However, the dart may be gripped in a variety of ways. The key is to use the thumb to push the dart against two or more fingers. Keep the point stabilized and pointed slightly upward. The dart, no matter how hard it is thrown (because of gravity) is going to travel in an arc.

Take advantage of this arc. Throw the dart so that its trajectory is along an arcing path. The amount of arc will depend upon the speed of the throw. The angle of arc will accelerate as the dart begins to drop, so a certain amount of impetus must be given in order to make accurate throws. To maintain the highest accuracy, the thrower should not make extreme variations in flight speed or grip. Continuous practice with a particular style and speed will allow the thrower to gauge where the throw will strike the board based on the angle of the throw to the oche and the angle of release.

 

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Darts: Various Rules

The two most popular games played by dart players around the world are "301" and "Cricket". 301 is the most obvious. Each side begins with 301 points and throws their darts in an effort to reduce their score to zero.

Before points may count a player must first hit a double. The score is then quickly reduced toward zero. The real skill comes in at the end of the game when a player must throw a double or bull's eye that reduces the final score exactly to zero. Any series of three throws (one turn) that would reduce the score beyond zero do not count.

Each game is considered one leg. The match is won when two out of three games are won.

Cricket is a more intricate game requiring more throwing skill and strategy. It is played using primarilly the numbers 15 through 20 and the bull's eyes.

At the begining 15 through 20 and the bull's eye are eligible to be opened. To open a number, a player or team must score three of that number (any combination of singles doubles and triples). Once a team opens a number every subsequent score on that number increases the score for the team. The opposing team may not score on that number. But may attempt to close it by getting three scores on that number.

For example side A scores once on 17. He gets no points but his score accumulates. Side B scores four times on 17 (a double and two singles). The first three scores open the number for B. The fourth score gives B 17 points. Now A strikes 17 three times. The number is now closed for everyone. A gets no points, but does have the satisfaction of not allowing B to get any more points on 17.

In attempting to open and close the bull's eye, the inner is counted as a double and the outer is counted as a single bull.

The game ends when all of the numbers are closed off. However, it may be declared over sooner if the player in the lead closes all posibility of the other side scoring.

 

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Darts Safety

For obvious reasons, darts is not a game recommended for young children. Careless handling of a dart can result in serious injury. The dart tip is weighted and pointed and capable of penetrating wood. For this reason traditional darts is actually not allowed in drinking establishments in some states, provinces, and municipalities.

The procedure for throwing a dart is to not throw if any person happens to be forward of the oche or toe line. This not only prevents injury, but also excludes interference of the throw. Rough-housing with darts in hand can also be very dangerous no matter how good the thrower believes he or she may be.

A person injured by a dart should, of course, seek medical attention. Serious wounds, such as those of the eye or other face wounds may require a call for an ambulance.

If players keep these precautions in mind, many hours of fun can be had in the game of darts. There are available, boards made of plastic and rubber that accept a quality rubber tipped dart. Some of these boards are electronic and will even keep score for the players.

 

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Darts Set Up

Dart Boards vary in price from the cheap to the very expensive. A nice professional board can be acquired for under $50.00 along with two decent sets of darts. Cheap boards can also be fun, but you will find that the darts accompanying them suffer somewhat in balance and accuracy.

he board itself should be set up with the bulls eye exactly 5 feet 8 inches from the floor. It is wise to place some type of board behind (and around) the dart board, just to save your drywall or panelling in case of complete misses.

The board itself is 18 inches in diameter and divided into 20 sections. The section marked 20 is always centered at the top.

The toe line (also known as the oche - named for a brewers case - Hockey - that was originally used to establish the distance between the board and the toe line) should be exactly 7 feet 9 1/4 inches from the face of the board. The line on the floor may also be a raised bar, 1 1/2 inches in height and two feet long. In most homes this will be an unwanted obstruction so a piece of masking tape is often used. A convenient way to mark the toe line, protect the floor, and preserve dart tips is to get a dart mat.

There should be at least two sets of 3 darts. Each player or team uses a set (a player may even own his own set). The darts themselves have a maximum length of 12 inches and a maximum weight of 50 grams.

Generally, a chalkboard, hung near the board is used for keeping score.

 

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The Outline of dart

Darts is a fun social game that has been around a very long time. Its enduring popularity reveals it to be a sport that combines talent, skill and even a bit of luck.

The history of darts goes back to the days of the Longbow in Medeival England.

The setup for the dartboard is fairly simple, but it is rigid and for the sake of uniformity should be done as precisely as possible.

Safety is a prime concern playing with darts, because they can be dangerous if handled improperly.

The basic rules of darts are simple, fun and provide for a competitive game.

There are many variations to the rules for darts. We give you the flavor of a few.

Learning how to throw darts is fundamental to becomming a good dart player.

 

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Proper Tungsten Preparation For Tungsten Electrodes II

To grind the tungsten electrode to a point, use a grinding wheel (Borazon® or diamond) specially designated the purpose to help prevent contamination. Grind the tungsten electrode straight on the wheel  (i.e. not at a 90-degree angle) to ensure that the grind marks run the length of the tungsten electrode, which reduces ridges that can lead to arc wandering. To ease arc starting and ensure a focused arc, grind the taper to a distance of no more than 2.5 times the electrode diameter (e.g. the taper on a 1/8-inch tungsten electrode should be 1/4 – 5/16-inches long).
Note: when grinding thoriated tungsten electrodes, make sure to control and collect the dust, have an adequate ventilation system at the grinding station and follow manufacture’s warnings, instructions and MSDS.

Truncated Tungsten Electrodes
For higher current applications, a truncated or flat tip works well. The flat land helps prevent the tungsten electrode from being transferred across the arc and/or from balling. Start by grinding the tungsten electrode to a taper (as explained above) and then grind a .010- to .030-inch flat land on the end.

Selecting the right tungsten electrode for the material being welded and the power source available are good first steps in ensuring positive GTA welding performance. Take the time to learn which is best for the application at hand and learn the proper technique for preparation. Doing so can minimize problems with arc starting and stability, contamination and more.


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Proper Tungsten Preparation For Tungsten Electrodes I

Depending on the type of tungsten electrode, preparation consists of creating one of three shapes: balled, pointed or truncated. Following are recommendations for each:

Balled Tungsten Electrodes
The balled shape is common for pure tungsten electrodes, particularly for the AC process on sine wave and conventional squarewave GTAW power sources.  To ball the tungsten electrode, apply the AC amperage recommended for the electrode diameter. The ball will form itself. In order to reduce the risk of the tip falling off or causing arc instability, the diameter of the balled end should not exceed 1.5 times the diameter of the electrode. For example, a 1/8-inch electrode should form, at the most, a 3/16-inch diameter end.

Pointed Tungsten Electrodes
A pointed shape can be used for pure, ceriated, lanthanated, rare earth, and thoriated tungsten electrodes when using inverter AC and DC welding processes. It also works well for welding with lower currents on thinner materials, as it directs the welding current into focused arc and helps prevent them from distorting. It is not recommended to use a pointed tungsten electrode for higher current applications since the tip can come off, leading to contamination.

 

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A brief chart to introduce Tungsten bar

 

Description
Code
W content
(%)
Density
g/cm3
Size of blanks
Applications
Pure tungsten bars
TW-2
99.95
17.5
12 x 12 x 400
14 x 14 x 450
16 x 16 x 600
W rods and contacts
Tungsten bars for drawing wire
TW-2.1
TWA1
99.0
Doped W bars suitable for drawing wire and for stirring rods in the smelting of rare earth metals
Tungsten bars for steel smelting
TW-1
TW-4
99.95
99.9
High purity W bars suitable for steel smelting W bars of an industrial grade suitable for steel smelting
Tungsten blanks
BPW
99.95
18
(20-50) x (20-300) x (20-600)
Suitable for rolling tungsten plates


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Attributes of Zirconiated Tungsten Electrode

We manufacture Zirconiated Tungsten Electrode using excellent quality tungsten material. Our Zirconiated Tungsten Electrode has various anti corrosive properties that ensure excellent performance.

Attributes : Excellent performance
Anti corrosiveness
Can be used for welding under A/C
Retains balled end during welding
High resistance to contamination
Less tungsten permeation
Good arc starting

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