Powellite, CaMoO4, is isostructural with scheelite which is why it forms similar crystals. The two minerals form a series in which the tungsten of scheelite is substituted for by the molybdenum of powellite. Powellite fluoresces a yellow color while scheelite fluoresces a bright blue under short wave ultraviolet light. Of course since molybdenum can substitute for tungsten, some scheelite specimens will show a yellow fluorescence.

The crystals of scheelite can look like fluorite octahedrons which can also fluoresce. However, fluorite has perfect octahedral cleavage and a lower luster. Massive scheelite has often been mistaken for massive quartz, but then the fluorescence of scheelite is a dead giveaway.

Many prospectors for scheelite have made good use of scheelite's typically bright blue fluorescence by searching for scheelite deposits by night with ultraviolet lamps. Many old mines have even been reopened after examination of the mine shafts with ultraviolet lamps have proven that the ore is not quite yet exhausted.

 

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Scheelite is an important ore of tungsten which is a strategically important metal. Scheelite is named for the discoverer of tungsten, K. W. Scheele. Although most of the world wide production of tungsten comes from the mineral wolframite, scheelite is especially abundant in the US and provides the United States with most of its supply.

Scheelite is a popular mineral for collectors. It forms perfect tetragonal dipyramidal crystals that look very much like octahedrons. These pseudo-octahedral crystals are sometimes truncated with minor pyramids, but only on the top and/or bottom points of the crystal; giving evidence of their true symmetry. Other minerals that form pseudo-octahedral crystals similar to scheelite include wardite, anatase and powellite.



 

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Uses:

Tungsten contained in the tungsten ore used in many areas.

Tungsten is mixed with carbon to make a very strong, very resistant material called tungsten carbide. Tungsten carbide is used to make cutting tools and wear-resistant tools for metalworking, drilling for oil and gas, mining, and construction. These applications account for more than 60% of the tungsten consumed in the US each year.

Because it has such a very high melting point and low vapor pressure, tungsten is used in high temperature situations. For instance, the filaments in light bulbs are made of tungsten. It is used in other applications in electronics as well.

When added to steel, tungsten increases its strength. It is alloyed (mixed with) other metals to make "superalloys" which have special physical properties of high strength and heat resistance. Some of the applications for such superalloys are in turbine engines for jet aircraft and energy generation.

Other alloys bearing tungsten are used for armaments, heat sinks, radiation shielding, weights and counterweights, wear-resistant parts and coatings.

 

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The tungsten needle with the tip that sharpened is mainly used for the instrument probe using. Such as, digital four probe tester, the device is multi-purpose measuring equipment using four point probe measurement principle.

The sharpened tungsten needle is a non radioactive material, whose electron emission ability is higher than thorium tungsten material, and its arcing voltage is low, arcing is stable. The positive polarity, the allowable current density is higher than thorium tungsten of 5%-8%; AC allowable current density is high, and its service life is long, which is suitable for DC or AC electric welding, what’s more, if the using time is the same with thorium tungsten, its service life is longer. Usually, it is used for the welding of carbon steel, stainless steel, titanium and other metals.



 

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The processing of tungsten electrode is adopting the method of powder metallurgy, in which the cerium tungsten electrode processing is similar to cerium tungsten electrode. Following is three procedures to make tungsten cerium electrodes.

First of all, mix cerium nitrate aqueous solution with a solid of APT or WO3 well-distributed by the methods of spaying and coating. Then heat it to the state of tungsten cerium coated powder.

Secondly, reduce tungsten cerium coated powder in twice to tungsten cerium powder. After reduction, make tungsten cerium powder into tungsten cerium billet by pressing and sintering.

Finally, press and forge tungsten cerium billets into tungsten cerium electrodes.

Tungsten is an important material for many products and is also one of the essential industrial process welding equipment.
There are many different kinds of tungsten electrode, but, thorium tungsten electrode and cerium tungsten electrode are the ones which are the most used on the domestic market. Why the phenomenon occurs is that people are insufficient in the understanding of thorium reflective damage, guidance in this point should be strengthened in the sales process.

Tungsten electrode, as one of the industrial welding equipment, which is actually acting as both welding materials and electrician electrical, this kind of welding materials without burning has a loss in welding.



 

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Bulls-eye Baseball tungsten dart rule is a difficult yet fun game that may be played by as many players or teams as wish to play. It is the same game as regular Baseball with a twist to make it more challenging.

The Object: The object is simple: score the most amount of runs each inning, the highest score at the end of the game wins.

The Scoring: The numbers 1 through 9 are written in ascending order on the left side of the scoreboard. All players names are written in batting order across the top (batting order may be determined any way, usually one tungsten dart each at bulls-eye with the closest throwing first and the furthest last). A grid may be drawn around the numbers and the names for easier reading.

The Play: Each player in order throws three tungsten darts at the number of the current inning but must hit a bulls-eye each inning before any runs may be scored that inning. If no bulls-eye is hit, the score for the inning is zero. The target is 1's in the first inning, 2's in the second, etc. Each number only counts in that actual inning. For example, if a 4 is hit in the first inning, it does not count. The thin outer "double" ring counts as two runs, the thin inner "triple" ring counts as three runs with the other sections of that number counting as one run. If more than one bulls-eye is hit the score is multiplied by the number of bulls-eye's hit. Therefore, the highest attainable score in any one inning is twelve (Double-Bulls-eye, Triple-x, Triple-x {where x is the number of the inning} would score 6 for the two triples time 2 bulls-eyes).

The number of runs scored is not multiplied by the inning number. For example, in the second inning, a bulls-eye and two single 2's are hit; that players score would be two for that inning.

Usually a running total is kept with the current inning's score being added to the current total. This way, players can see how far ahead or behind they are and save a lot of time not having to add all nine innings at the end of the game.

If there is a tie at the end of the ninth inning, extra innings are played with bulls-eyes as the target. Extra innings continue until after all players have thrown for that inning and no tie exists.

Strategy: Try to score a lot of runs.

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The flotation of tungsten ore is conducted at a pulp pH of 9.0-10.5. Soda ash, caustic soda, or sodium silicate may be used for alkalinity control.

The other modifying agents required will depend on the gangue minerals to be depressed. Quebracho or tannin is used to depress the calcite, but an excess will also depress tungsten minerals. Sodium dichromate acidified with sulfuric acid has also been reported as a calcite depressant and copper silicate (sodium silicate and copper sulfate) has been reported as a depressant for fluorite. Figure 8 shows a tungsten flotation flowsheet. The most commonly used tungsten collectors are crude oleid acids or tall oils, or the more refined fatty acids or soaps.

Most tungsten flotation concentrates and some table concentrates are not of sufficiently high grade to meet the exacting specifications of the market. The principal diluents are phosphates and carbonates, which are difficult to depress sufficiently in flotation. The removal of these minerals is most frequently accomplished by leaching the concentrates with hydrochloric acid. Because of the relatively simple equipment required, the trend has been toward leaching at the flotation plant. However, a number of custom leaching plants are equipped to treat flotation concentrates from the smaller concentrators.

 

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Here are a few tips to teach you how to minimize the effects of dartitis:

Turn out the lights. When practicing turn off the light pointed on your dartboard. There should be enough light left in the room so you can barely make out the numbers on the board. Now, throw your tungsten darts but instead of concentrating where they land, concentrate on what they look like when they leave your hand. Concentrate on the natural pace of your throw, is it slow and deliberate or quick and powerful. By analyzing how you throw your tungsten darts you can draw on this when you’re on the line and the pressure’s on. The mental picture you have of your throw should help to alleviate the “herky jerky” effects of dartitis.

Opposites attract. Throw with your opposite hand in competitive matches. I know this sounds crazy but if you’re serious about beating dartitis you have to break the psychological barrier with letting go of the tungsten dart. One way to do this is join a competitive tungsten dart league on a lower division team and throw with your opposite hand. You’ll be amazed at how much you can learn from analyzing your opposite throw. By concentrating on improving you’ll be encouraged to try new ideas on your regular throw, and revisit fundamentals you may have over-looked. It will take some time but you should see an improvement in your tungsten dart throw.

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Scheeelite (CaWO₄) is the principal tungsten mineral in domestic ores, but other important tungsten minerals include wolframite (Fe, Mn) WO₄, ferberite (FeWO₄), and hubnerite (MnWO₄). All of these minerals may be floated in a soda ash alkaline pulp with fatty acid type collectors.

Because of the high specific gravity of the tungsten minerals, they are amenable to gravity concentration methods. However, the fine dissemination of the ore minerals in the gangue usually makes fine grinding necessary, and requires at least some flotation concentration for the recovery of the finer sizes. The trend has been toward all-flotation recovery with gravity processes being used only as a means of upgrading a part of the concentrates.

If the ore contains pyrite or other sulfides, a preliminary sulfide flotation stage is usually employed ahead of both tabling and flotation of the tungsten. The low cost and high collecting power of xanthates makes them the favored collector for this sulfide float. Soda ash or sulfuric acid is usually added for pH control. Acid is frequently preferred for those ores containing pyrrhotite. However, its use with calcite gangue ores will result in the formation of calcium sulfate, which may float with and dilute the subsequent tungsten flotation concentrate.



 

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There are thousands of people around the world who suffer from the tungsten dart throwing condition called, dartitis. Although there are many interpretations of this dart throwing condition, Dartitis is the inability of a person to throw fluid and deliberate tungsten darts at the dartboard. While there are many things a tungsten dart player can do to correct this problem, visualization is one of keys to solving this problem. A lot of money has been spent on sports psychology for big money sports like baseball, football and golf. Golf is the closest of these sports to tungsten darts because of the psychology of perfection that is involved in both sports. Putting a golf ball is a results driven activity, just like tungsten darts. The golfer’s version of dartitis is called the yips – when you just can’t seem to get the putter absolutely right so you “yip” in the middle of your swing and ruin your putt. Dartitis is different from golf’s “yip” in that an object actually leaves your hand. So it’s much easier to over-control the tungsten dart. Perfection is a very cruel master, but here are a few tips to teach you how to minimize the effects of dartitis:

Review your throw from another perspective. Have a friend video-tape your throw during a competitive match. Or have him take a bunch of digital photos of you throwing throughout the night. This will give you insight on how your swing breaks down mechanically and can lead to technical ideas on how to correct your case of dartitis. Then take some time to analyze the tape/photos instead of practicing. Create a mental picture of your tungsten dart throw you can recall when you’re on the line to take your mind off the dartitis. Taking some time off to do this “research” will also make sure you aren’t over-throwing and getting physically and emotionally drained. When you’re rested mentally and physically you will shoot much more relaxed and calm at the dart line.

Watch your tungsten dart, not the board. Change your perspective by watching your dart flying through the air and landing in your target. When practicing take 10 minutes to do the following drill: Shake out your arm. Aim at your target. Before you throw, switch your eyes to the tungsten dart in your hand and watch it fly into the board. Don’t worry about where it lands at first. Just get used to how the tungsten dart looks in the air. As you get comfortable you’ll start hitting your targets while looking at the dart. The key to this drill is to recall how your darts looked in the air when you resume throwing normally. It takes the focus off the board and should help to ease the symptoms of dartitis.

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