Electrode Potential Analysis on Tungsten Contacts Surface Film
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- Category: Tungsten Information
- Published on Wednesday, 29 July 2015 15:56
- Written by Yahong
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The main content of tungsten contacts is tungsten (W), i.e. electrode potential analysis on tungsten contacts surface film can be available from tungsten analysis.
Standard electrode potential is a kind of equilibrium electrode potential, and each substance has this feature.
Standard electrode potential refers to: placing a substance in a solution containing its ions, if the ion concentration in the solution is 1g / L, the potential difference between the substance and standard hydrogen electrode is standard electrode potential. If negative value of standard electrode potential is bigger, the metal will be more active; If the positive value is larger, the metal will be less lively.
At the temperature of 25 ℃, the standard electrode potential of several metals table
|
Metal |
Ion |
Electrode potential (V) |
|
W |
W |
-0.2 |
|
Ni |
Ni2+ |
-0.23 |
|
Cu |
Cu2+ |
+0.34 |
|
Ag |
Ag+ |
+0.799 |
|
Fe |
Fe2+ |
-0.44 |
|
Pb |
Pb2+ |
-0.126 |
From the above table, which shows that the potential difference between the electrode W and Cu is 0.54V, in a condition of high temperatures and high humidity, the contacts material’s electrochemical corrosion is prone to appear. Whereas the phenomenon on W and Ni corrosion is more slight than W and Cu, W and Ag, because the potential difference between the electrodes W and Ni is only 0.03V, whose electrochemical corrosion is not easy to take place. So, the right amount of Ni can be added to tungsten contacts to increase its oxidation resistance capacity, that is to say, reducing the likelihood of its surface film formation.
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Tungsten Collimator Rings in Gamma Knife
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- Category: Tungsten Information
- Published on Wednesday, 29 July 2015 15:02
- Written by wenjing
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In a gamma knife machine, a total of 192 60Co sources are arranged in a cylindrical configuration in five concentric tungsten collimator rings. The radiation cavity has been increased by more than 300% compared to previous models. However, due to an improved collimation system (120 mm tungsten collimator rings), the average distance from source to focus is very close to previous models. This results in similar output for the prior 18mm and new 16 mm administrations. This differs substantially from the previous hemispherical arrangements and results in different source to focus distances for each ring varying from 374 to 433 mm. The primary and secondary collimators have been replaced by a single large 120 mm thick tungsten collimator rings.
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Tungsten Mine Extraction
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- Category: Tungsten Information
- Published on Wednesday, 29 July 2015 14:25
- Written by xinyi
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Open-pit mining is used if near-surface ore body is massive or when it occurs in steeply-dipping lode(s), sheeted vein systems, pipes, or makes up the bulk of the country rock as in disseminated or prophyry-style deposits. The whole ore body is mined with no overburden being put back into the void during the extraction operation.
Some placer deposits are amenable to strip mining or dredging operations. In strip mining the overburden is removed and deposited in the hole left from the excavation of the previous strip or panel and the ore can be simply dug out. Hydraulic mining is commonly used in reclamation of old mine tailings that still contain payable values of tungsten.
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Applications of Tungsten Polymer for Industry
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- Category: Tungsten Information
- Published on Wednesday, 29 July 2015 14:57
- Written by wenjing
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As its special high density of 11.34 g/cm3 min., tungsten polymer has a perfect radiation shielding performance comparable to lead for anti-radiation shielding, and it is much healthier. Besides, tungsten polymer is very easy to be cut or held with household scissors and so much formable into shapes with various curved surfaces.
Tungsten polymer can be used widely in industry, such as the radiation shielding for radiation detectors , and nuclear industry radiation protection. Tungsten polymer for shielding X-ray and gamma radiation including a full body apron and a thyroid guard are the first commercially available, it can greatly enhance both the material properties and the shielding efficiency.
Applications of Tungsten Polymer for Industry:
Nuclear logging radiation shielding
Welding inspection radiation shielding
Container inspection radiation shielding
Nuclear submarine radiation protector
Nuclear reactor radiation protector
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Tungsten Ore Resources
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- Category: Tungsten Information
- Published on Wednesday, 29 July 2015 14:20
- Written by xinyi
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Tungsten ore has two levels standards. There is a distinction between primary tungsten (ore concentrates of wolframite and scheelite) and secondary tungsten (different types of tungsten containing scrap).
Primary Tungsten (Concentrate)
China is the major producer of primary tungsten. The other principal producing countries are Austria, Bolivia, Canada, Peru, Portugal, Russia, Thailand and several countries in Africa. Some mines which have closed in recent decades in Australia, South Korea and the USA are now considering re-opening. In addition, several new projects were started recently for exploration and exploitation worldwide, although the economic crisis towards the end of 2008 brought many to a stop.
Secondary Tungsten (Scrap)
Scrap recycling is an important factor in the world’s tungsten supply. It is estimated that today some 35% is recycled, and the tungsten processing industry is able to treat almost every kind of tungsten-containing scrap and waste to recover tungsten and, if present, other valuable constituents. Tungsten scrap, due to its high tungsten content in comparison to ore, is a valuable raw material.
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