As the fifth generation fuel cell, proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) not only has the general advantages of fuel cell, but also has the outstanding advantages of high energy conversion, low temperature start-up, no leakage of electrolytic cell, no corrosion, long life and high specific power. Therefore, the research of PEMFC has become the mainstream of all kinds of fuel cell research.

In the early 1990s, GaN-based blue and purple light emitting diodes (LEDs) were first developed by Nichia Company in Japan, which made it possible for full-color LED display and semiconductor lighting. White LED has many advantages, such as all solid, cold light source, long life, small size, high light efficiency, good weather resistance and no mercury pollution. It has been widely used in lighting, display, automobile and other fields.

Tungsten disulfide is a typical layered transition metal disulfide with van der Waals force interaction between layers. Nanostructured WS₂ can be used in solar cells and field-effect transistors because of its enhanced catalytic performance, excellent optical conductivity and excellent friction properties.

Tungsten trioxide has excellent performances in electrochromic, catalytic and gas sensitivity. Tungsten bronze, a composite oxide of tungsten bronze, generally refers to metal oxides with deep metallic luster, and is usually metal conductor or metal semiconductor. Tungsten bronze general A_xWO₃, however, varies with the type and molar number of cations. The structure and color of the compounds will vary with the different values of A and X.

Tungstate is a typical self-starting luminescent material. Its luminescent spectrum is very stable. Its intrinsic luminescent band is very wide and occupies most of the visible region. Cations in tungstate strongly affect the position of the emission band. Tungstates can be activated by some impurities which, when doped into tungstate lattices, can make them luminescent with special properties, such as magnesium.

The traditional narrow band gap semiconductor is usually used as photosensitive material in infrared detectors. In order to improve the detection sensitivity, shorten the response time of devices and reduce the influence of background noise, the normal operation of these devices requires liquid nitrogen refrigeration environment, which greatly limits the application and working time of devices.

Depleted uranium composites are the most excellent penetrating core materials due to their excellent self-sharpness. In the early 1990s, based on the international public opinion and environmental pressure caused by the toxicity of depleted uranium materials, the United States began to develop an alternative uranium armor piercing core. material. On the basis of the tungsten-nickel-iron heavy alloy, the researchers designed a tungsten-based heavy alloy armor-piercing projectile through the change of the microstructure of the alloy, but there is still a big gap between the self-sharpening effect of the depleted uranium alloy.

In the textile industry, azo dyes are an important raw material and a large class of organic substances that cause increasing environmental risks. These azo dyes are potentially toxic and difficult to biochemically handle. Therefore, it is of great environmental significance to take active and effective measures to treat and control azo dyes.

Tungsten wire owns high resistivity and melting point, good strength, and low vapor pressure, which is the best material for making incandescent filaments in all pure metals. However, how is the thin tungsten wire made? As the tungsten is hard, brittle, and difficult to proccess.

As a high-tech industry in the 21st century, the rapid development of semiconductor industry has far exceeded the traditional iron and steel industry and automobile industry. Silicon material is the cornerstone of semiconductor industry, but with the increasing integration, the shrinkage of size will mainly lead to leakage and static power density of devices. Recently, transition metal chalcogenides, especially tungsten disulfide and molybdenum disulfide, have attracted much attention in the scientific community due to their excellent electrical, optical and mechanical properties, as well as graphene, as a potential post-silica material.