Tungsten alloys are materials with a high tungsten content and low amounts of NiFe (binder material). They show similar high densities as pure tungsten, but they are much easier to machine.Tungsten Heavy Alloys are characterised in particular by their excellent strength and ductility.

Advantages tungsten heavy alloys:  
  high density from 17.0 to 18.5 g/cm3
  high absorption capacity against X-rays and gamma rays
  good machinability  
  high Young's modulus and very good mechanical properties
  harmless to the health and environment

Application of tungsten heavy alloys:  
  protection shields for nuclear radiation
  counter weights for the engine construction
  aerospace
  mechanical engineering
  fine mechanical technology
  forming
  sports


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Tungsten copper alloy is a powder metallurgical material produced by the means of infiltration with copper contents from 10 to 40% typically 75% tungsten 25% copper, materials are back-cast with copper and can be joined by welding or brazing with various supporting materials.

Advantages of tungsten copper alloy:
  high arc resistance combined with good electrical conductivity
  high thermal conductivity
  low thermal expansion
  back-castable with Cu

Application of tungsten copper alloy:
  arcing contacts in high and medium voltage breakers fortransmission and distribution of electrical power.
  carrier plates or heat sinks as passive cooling elements of electronic devices.
  erosion electrodes for EDM made of Sparkal.
  electrodes for other applications (surge protection, welding, laser  applications)


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The need for a more energy-conscious society in relation to the efficient production and consumption of energy has intensified in past years and will become increasingly important for that society in the future. Currently, worldwide energy use is growing much faster than supply can match. The efficiency of conventional technologies must be improved in order to reduce losses in transmission and distribution of energy, and new strategies and technologies must be developed for “doing more, using less”.

Whatever form such solutions may take in the future, it may be expected that tungsten-based materials and components will play their positive part in meeting these challenges. Tungsten products have contributed in the past in this way, both as functional materials and advanced tools with outstanding properties, and this contribution will not diminish in the near future.

Current discussions on global warming, and the conclusion that anthropogenic greenhouse gases are responsible for most of the observed temperature increase since the middle of the twentieth century, have brought calls for reductions in emissions which will demand a more conscientious handling of fossil energy worldwide. The search for alternatives will be intensified, as coal, oil and natural gas reserves become depleted and the need to use existing natural and renewable resources steadily increases.

There is a great opportunity for tungsten-containing products which have strategic importance in the field of fossil energy production, fossil energy or renewable power generation, power transmission and power distribution, because of their outstanding properties.

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Although classified as a rare metal, tungsten is found in most countries and the International Tungsten Industry Association (ITIA), a not-for-profit trade association, represents the industry worldwide, with a membership ranging from miners to converters to consumers to traders.

Why tungsten is indispensable to our lives will become apparent from the survey on this website of tungsten’s applications, from mobile phones, circuit boards, dentist drills and light sources, to darts and golf clubs, to huge mining drills, power plants and nuclear reactors, to cars, planes and trains – and to LIFE itself.

The ITIA's website explores a fascinating metal of many superlatives, providing a work of reference to the expert, a comprehensive guide to the student, and an introduction to tungsten to the general public.

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Introduction
The production of the tungsten(VI) oxide from the ores is complicated, and not needed for any UK A level (or equivalent) syllabus. All we are interested in is the final reduction of the oxide to the metal.

Pure tungsten can't be obtained by reducing tungsten(VI) oxide using carbon, because it reacts with carbon to make tungsten carbide. Instead, the reducing agent is hydrogen.
The extraction process

Powdered tungsten(VI) oxide is heated to temperatures in the range 550 - 850°C in a stream of hydrogen.

An excess of hydrogen is used, and this carries away the steam produced during the reaction. The hydrogen is dried and recycled.
Great care obviously has to be taken to keep the whole system free of air to avoid explosion risks with the hydrogen at these high temperatures.
 

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Weldcraft has expanded its premium tungsten electrode offering to include 2 percent lanthanated and zirconiated tungsten electrodes. Like its existing tungsten electrode offering – pure, 2 percent ceriated, 1.5 percent lanthanated, rare earth and 2 percent thoriated – the new additions have undergone rigorous testing to ensure the highest quality and performance.

The 2 percent lanthanated tungsten electrodes provide similar characteristics as the 1.5 percent lanthanated tungsten electrode, but with improved arc starting and stability, and less tip erosion. They are also a good substitute for 2 percent thoriated tungsten electrodes. The new zirconiated tungsten electrodes resist spitting in higher current applications, minimizing the opportunity for tungsten contamination. These electrodes also provide excellent arc starts and stability, and ball up easily in AC applications, ensuring a smooth arc.

Weldcraft offers all of its tungsten electrodes in seven-inch lengths and in five industry-standard diameters (0.040-, 1/16-, 3/32-, 1/8- and 5/32-inch). Each package of ten tungsten electrodes features three languages – English, Spanish and French – and is color-coded according to American Welding Society (AWS) A5.12 and ISO 6848 standards: pure – green; 2 percent ceriated – grey; 1.5 percent lanthanated – gold; 2 percent lanthanated – blue; rare earth – aqua; 2 percent thoriated – red; and zirconiated – brown.
 

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Used as a defense and military weapons and precision electronics industry and other precision technology and materials in the field, the tungsten carbide rod packing needs to pay attention to the following matters:

(1) Tungsten carbide rod required PE Pearl cotton material individually wrapped, placed in a suitable wooden box;

(2) And you must fill the extra gap, in order to prevent vibration during transit.


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There are mainly three color classification of tungsten carbide rod surface.

1. The sintered tungsten carbide rod surface is the silver gray metallic luster.

2. Forged tungsten carbide rod with a layer of oxide on the surface is black.

3. The polished tungsten carbide rod is silver gray metallic luster.


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Tungsten carbide rod are non-ferrous metals, is also an important strategic metal, tungsten ore was known as "heavy stone" in ancient times. 1781 the Swedish chemist Carl.William found scheelite, and extracted the other new elements acid, 1783 Spanish Depp Air Asia wolframite extracted tungsten carbide acid, the same year, the tungsten powder was gotten for first time and named the element. The tungsten content in the earth's crust is 0.001%. Tungsten carbide rod is mainly Steel gray or silver-white with high hardness, high melting point, and is from the air in the room temperature erosion.

The industrial purpose of tungsten carbide rod is to create the filament and high-speed cutting steel, hard mold, also for optical instruments, chemical instrumentation.


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With the introduction of new power source technologies, the use of pure tungsten is decreasing.
Pure tungsten melts at a lower temperature causing it to easily form a rounded ball at the tip. When the ball grows too large, it interferes with your ability to see the weld puddle and causes the arc to become unstable.
Ceriated tungsten can withstand higher temperatures and works very well with the new squarewave and inverter machines for the following reasons:
Holds a point longer and starts well at low amperages.
Can be used on both AC and DC polarities. When welding aluminum, it has become very acceptable to grind a point on ceriated tungsten (especially when welding on thinner materials).

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