Today, let us learn about tungsten supply in the world.

There is plenty of tungsten in the ground. But some of the biggest tungsten deposits are different to access.

Over the last few years, sources of tungsten supply have changed dramatically. In 1986, the USSR was the largest tungsten consumer in the world. By 1992, the reformed CIS was exporting tungsten and by 1996, the CIS became the second largest tungsten supplier in the world.

Today, other main tungsten producing countries are China, Austria, Bolivia, Peru and Portugal. Whilst in the last decade, tungsten mines have closed in Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Japan, South Korea, Sweden, Thailand and the USA.

Not only have the sources of tungsten supply altered but also have the tungsten compounds traded.

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Aerospace applications of tungsten alloys include mass balances in satellites and helicopter rotor blades and in gyroscopic controls for missiles and avionics. In contrast to their vibration damping applications, these materials are also utilized, in the cockpit, to exaggerate the required vibrations in stall-warning shakers for control columns. Similarly, the advent of fly-by-wire controls has introduced small quantities of tungsten alloys into flight control joysticks, in order to increase stick inertia and therefore reintroduce some of the “feel” that is present in traditional controls, which use mechanical linkages to the elevators and ailerons.

Tungsten alloys contribute to aircraft fabrication and repair operations. To deaden the vibration caused by rivet guns, tungsten alloy bucking bars (“riveting dollies” or “hand anvils”) are used to absorb the force. The vibration can result in damage to nerves, muscles and bones in operators' hands causing Carpel Tunnel Syndrome (Vibration White Finger). Many aerospace companies now reduce the effects of vibration by using tungsten alloy bucking bars.

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Tungsten, once thought to be an environmentally friendly metal, may not be as safe as believed, researchers said. Today, we will talk about tungsten safety.

Tungsten is widely used in products ranging from bullets to light bulbs to jewellery. Scientists strongly held that tungsten is relatively insoluble in water and nontoxic.
In mid-1990s, the U.S. military adopts the so-called green bullets that contain tungsten as a more environmentally friendly substitude to lead-based ammunition.

While, new studies have shown that tungsten, which is also used in welding, metal cutting, is not as safe as thought. For example, exposure to tungsten would stunt the growth of plants, cause

reproductive problems in earthworms and trigger premature death in certain aquatic animals.
Both the U.S. Department of Defense and the Environmental Protection Agency have classfied tungsten as an emerging contaminant.
Although scientists think that tungsten seems less toxic, they do not know its exact healthy and environmental effects.
Whether or not tungsten would cause chronic health effects in human and our mechanism, it needs further study.
All information are about tungsten safety.

 

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Crankshaft is the part of an engine, which translates reciprocating linear piston motion into rotation.

In the engine, It is a necessary to use the counterweights to keep the balance of the reciprocating motion of each piston and connecting rod, as the parts of crankshafts usually. Tungsten heavy alloy is certainly considered as the most appropriate crankshaft material for its properties.

Therefore, tungsten heavy alloy parts can be used as counterweight in machines and vessels as well as aircraft, ships, yachts, space shuttles and anywhere need much heavy but little space, the tungsten heavy alloy crankshaft is widely used in high-performance engines (automobile, racing car, motor, fan, diesel, truck, yacht, jet, fan etc.)

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We’ve talked about tungsten in China. Today, we will discuss tungsten in the world.

Compared to “glittering matter”, such as gold, steel-gray to tin-white colored tungsten invokes little enthusiasm amongst resource investors. While tungsten chemical properties contribute to the diversity of tungsten applications.

Unlike many other metals, there are no significant substitutes for tungsten. Substitutes that do exist has considerable cost increase and compromise of product performance. The closest substitute, molybdenum, is even more expensive. So it is assumed that tungsten is unlikely to be replaced.

The world economy demands much of tungsten coming from industrial nations. Demand is particularly high from the US due to tungsten’s military and defense applications. US has no domestic tungsten source and is entirely dependent on imports.

China controls 65% of world tungsten reserves. Of the total estimated reserves of tungsten, Canada and Russia account for just 8% and 7% of tungsten reserve respectively. Due to its own tungsten reserves, Russia is to emerge as a reliable potential supplier. This makes Canadian tungsten companies particularly be attractive to the key US market and advanced stage projects.
All above are about tungsten in the world.

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Depleted uranium (DU) and heavy-metal tungsten alloys (HMTAs) are dense heavy-metals used primarily in military applications. Chemically similar to natural uranium, but depleted of the higher activity 235U and 234U isotopes, DU is a low specific activity, high-density heavy metal. In contrast, the non-radioactive HMTAs are composed of a mixture of tungsten (91-93%), nickel (3-5%), and cobalt (2-4%) particles. The use of DU and HMTAs in military munitions could result in their internalization in humans.

Limited data exist .however, regarding the long-term health effects of internalized DU and HMTAs in humans. Both DU and HMTAs possess a tumorigenic transforming potential and are genotoxic and mutagenic in vitro. Using insoluble DU-UO2 and a reconstituted mixture of tungsten, nickel, cobalt (rWNiCo), we tested their ability to induce stress genes in thirteen different recombinant cell lines generated from human liver carcinoma cells (HepG2). The commercially available CAT-Tox (L) cellular assay consists of a panel of cell lines stably transfected with reporter genes consisting of a coding sequence for chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) under transcriptional control by mammalian stress gene regulatory sequences. DU, (5-50 microg/ml) produced a complex profile of activity demonstrating significant dose-dependent induction of the hMTIIA FOS, p53RE, Gadd153, Gadd45, NFkappaBRE, CRE, HSP70, RARE, and GRP78 promoters. The rWNiCo mixture (5-50 microg/ml) showed dose-related induction of the GSTYA, hMTIIA, p53RE, FOS, NFkappaBRE, HSP70, and CRE promoters.

An examination of the pure metals, tungsten (W), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co), comprising the rWNiCo mixture, demonstrated that each metal exhibited a similar pattern of gene induction, but at a significantly decreased magnitude than that of the rWNiCo mixture. These data showed a synergistic activation of gene expression by the metals in the rWNiCo mixture.

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China tungsten is famous for its high reserve of the world tungsten. China has approximately 85% of the world’s primary tungsten and 65% of the world tungsten reserve. Today, we will talk about tungsten in China.

Tungsten is important in our daily life and has a wide range of applications. Except for tungsten being used as filament in light bulbs, tungsten also is incorporated into wear-resistant materials to be used in metal working, mining, petroleum, construction industry, stainless and full alloy steels. Tungsten can be applied to manufacture jet engines, high temperature resistant alloys. Tungsten also has strategic applications in the defense sector.

What makes tungsten get people’s attention? It is tungsten chemical properties that contribute to the deversity of its applications. Tungsten is one metal we use and rely on in our daily life. So tungsten in China is considered to be strategic.

Tungsten supply remains tight with China controlling 65% of world tungsten reserves. China’s ability to influence the tungsten market becomes evident. When China unexpectedly curtailed its tungsten exports in 1963, tungsten price saw a three-fold increase.

Tungsten in China has a special meaning and is widely used.

Over more than 20 years of export experience have taught us that it takes variety to attract customers. That’s why we offer a wide range of refractory metal products in various shapes and sies. For more information, contact us today!
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Tungsten carbide end mill is widely use for many fields.An end mill is a tool used by a milling machine to make a specific cut. End mills have multiple uses and perform many jobs.

Perhaps the most versatile machine in just about any shop, an end mill on a milling machine can perform many tasks.

While they cannot cut square holes, end mills can cut blind holes, bevel edges, flat edges, make holes and create cylinders.


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As we all know, tungsten alloy have good mechanical properties and physical properties. Otherwise, tungsten alloy also has been adopted as shielding materials in nuclear industry for its high density.

In nuclear industry, lead is major material for nuclear radiation shielding. However, the density of lead is only 11.3g/cm³,so its shielding performance is not so good. While tungsten heavy alloy material has high density and good absorption for ray. The performance of radiation shielding is higher than lead by 30% to 40%. The wall thickness of container of radioactive sources which is made by high-density tungsten heavy alloy is only 1/2 to 2/3 of lead.  So, tungsten is an ideal material for nuclear fuel reservoir and radiation shielding.

Currently, tungsten heavy alloy sheets are used for protecting device so that protect patients from damage of radiation during the inspection of X-ray. Very thin tungsten alloy plates whose thickness is below 2mm after precisely machining have been widely used for collimator and detector which are key components of medical CT machine, highly improving accuracy of diagnosis.

Meanwhile, W-Ni-Fe alloy have high melting point, good tenacity of impact, high elongation and low yield strength. Tungsten can be used for composite metal materials which can guarantee instrument operating when atomic energy is exploding. What's more, tungsten alloy can be also used as simulation materials which are used for defining data for nuclear warhead and design of nuclear reactor.

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This article is going to talk about special meaning of tungsten.

Due to unique properties and irreplaceable purposes in broad fields, tungsten is an important rare metal that has a special strategic significance. For China, tungsten is one of mineral resources that has the most dominant position in the world.

Tungsten and tungsten alloys are widely used in iron and steel industry, equipment manufacturing industry, information industry, electric power, petrochemical, aerospace and military fields. Hard alloy in which the tungsten carbide is the main raw material is known as the "industrial teeth". Hard alloy is extremely important functional material in modern industrial, defense application and new and high technology application. In China's national economy, tungsten plays a very important role.

Because the strategic position of tungsten, major industrial countries classify tungsten as strategic reserve, particularly the United States, Japan. Other developed countries are on the increase in tungsten reserves.

China's tungsten reserves, production, trade and consumption all reside the first in the world. Along with fast and steady growth of our economy,  our tungsten consumption receives steady growth and consumption of tungsten resources get rapid.

Nowadays, international situation is full of wind of change and uncertainties of developing global economy are increasing. Special meaning of tungsten requires us increase tungsten strategic national stockpile (includes tungsten resourcSpecial Meaning of Tungstenes and tungsten product).
 

 
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