When mixed with black carbon, tungsten carbide is created.

General Process
The compound is made by heating pulverized tungsten with black carbon, when hydrogen is present. Temperatures range from 2,550 to 2,900 degrees F or 1,400 to 1,600 degrees C. A common method for making the compound was developed in the 1920s in Germany and involves mixing powered tungsten carbide with cobalt. This mixture is then made into the required shape and heated to 2,550 to 2,900 degrees F or 1,400 to 1,600 degrees C. This heat melts the tungsten carbide partially, working as a cement. These tungsten carbide-cobalt creations are known by the names Carboloy and hardmetal.

Another Process
The tungsten and carbon is made into a powder using a pulverizer. The materials are then placed into a crucible and heated using an arc of electricity. The two materials then combine creating the tungsten carbide.


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The Army has stopped producing so-called "green" training rounds, because of research showing that the bullets' main ingredient-tungsten may be more toxic than previously thought.But that element, tungsten, is also in an array of other ammunition and munitions, as well. Which means all sorts of rockets, missiles, and anti-tank rounds may present an environmental hazard and a health risk.

Tungsten was introduced to weaponry as an alternative to depleted uranium, or DU — itself an alleged toxin.

But scientists later learned that embedded tungsten alloy fragments can cause tumors. A 2007 memorandum from the Under Secretary of Defense advises that "in light of our present knowledge of the potential health risks associated with tungsten/nickel/cobalt alloys, please have your acquisition managers and munitions developers and researchers consider alternative materials in developmental munitions programs." The discovery that tungsten, by itself in the environment, is also hazardous may escalate things to a new level.


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When the edge of tungsten carbide milling tool cuts into the workpiece, sudden impact will cause the vibration of the tool. The generation of cutting force primarily depends on the thickness of the chip, the thickness and the feed become into a certain proportion. The tool vibration initially induced will change subsequent chip thickness, and then when the cutting force changes, in turn, it causes the vibration of the processing system intensifying, the thickness may also continue to increase. The direction and change of the cutting forces largely determine the vibration trend. Such regenerative vibration is also called tremor, if not suppressed, and the variation of the cutting force will increase, so the surface roughness decreases after cutting, it results in joint cutter, and even causes damage to the tungsten carbide milling tools, furthermore, adversely affects on machine tool spindle.

Therefore, you must inhibit cutting force drastically changing in the beginning of the cutting so as to suppress the vibration trend, which is the main reason of using vibration-controlling tool. However, in many cases, this is achieved by optimizing structural parameters of tungsten carbide milling tool. Establishment of desirable model is one of the main bases for developing new insert geometries. Subsequently, the advanced FEM simulation shows a lot to answer, it relates to unit design of edge line, rake angle and chip breaker as well as development and optimization of new features of the cutting edge on the tungsten carbide milling tool rake face . This is largely based on a vibration waveform which is calculated by the measured modal parameters.


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Tungsten alloy wire is essential for the production of lighting products such as wire filament, and other goods where its high temperature properties are of use. Among its properties are a melting point of 3410° C, a low coefficient of thermal expansion and low vapor pressure at elevated temperatures, along with good electrical and thermal conductivity.

Important applications of tungsten alloy wire are for the production of coiled incandescent lamp filaments, cathode and support structures for power tubes, heating elements for high temperature furnaces and evaporation sources in metallizing processes. Thicker wire sizes, straightened, finish-ground and cut into rod pieces are widely used for glass-to-metal seal lead parts in the lighting and electronic industries.

Tungsten copper alloy product is a sintered tungsten copper material manufactured by powder metallurgy. It forms dense composite offering hardness, wear resistance and a high softening temperature of tungsten combined with the good electrical conductivity of copper.

Tungsten copper alloy may be used as an electrical contact material. In the most severe applications associated with power generation and transmission the switch may be totally immersed in oil. In these cases there is no advantage in using the tarnish resistant silver-based materials, as oxidation is prevented by the exclusion of air. Tungsten copper alloy contacts are widely used in these cases, the selection of the grade used being dependent on the relative importance of conductivity and arc resistance.


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High density, great hardness and resistance to high temperature make tungsten alloy to be one of the most sought-after materials for shotgun pellets in shooting history.

The density of tungsten alloy is about 18g/cm3, only gold, platinum, and a few other rare metals have a similar density. So it is denser than any other shot material, including lead, steel or bismuth. Comepared with other materirals, the tungsten alloy fly farther, hit harder and penetrate deeper. That means more birds, farther out, with fewer cripples.

Another unique property of tungsten alloy is that it is non-toxic, it is friendly to the environment, so it is safe for people to handle and work with.


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WHAs(tungsten heavy alloys) have been widly used for apparatus and instrument in medical, military and airspace industries.

The majority of current uses for WHAs (tungsten heavy alloys) are best satisfied with the W-Ni-Fe system. Tungsten heavy alloys such as 93W-4.9Ni-2.lFe and 95W-4Ni-lFe represent common compositions. The addition of cobalt to a W-Ni-Fe alloy is a common approach for slight enhancement of both strength and ductility. The presence of cobalt within the alloy provides solid-solution strengthening of the binder and slightly enhanced tungsten-matrix interfacial strength. Cobalt additions of 5 to 15% of the nominal binder weight fraction arc most common.


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In order to create an arc and transfer the welding current to the base material being welded, TIG welding requires the use of a tungsten electrode. Tungsten is a non-consumable electrode that has the highest melting point of any metal (3,410 degrees Celsius or 6,170 degrees Fahrenheit). So in theory it can’t melt, right? Wrong.

One of the most common tungsten troubles is excessive consumption. On AC (alternating current) applications, such as TIG welding aluminum, setting the balance control toward the electrode positive (EP) provides good cleaning action (removal of oxides) around the weld. However, it can also cause the tungsten to melt. The best remedy is to set the balance control toward the electrode negative (EN), as this increases the amount of heat going into the work piece as opposed to the tungsten. Seventy to eighty percent toward the electrode negative is a good range. When TIG welding materials like steel, stainless steel, inconel or other ferrous materials using DC (direct current), also set the power source to the electrode negative mode.

Another cause of excessive tungsten consumption is using too high of amperage for a given diameter of tungsten, regardless of whether it is on an AC or DC application. Always follow the tungsten manufacturer’s recommended operating parameters for the diameter being used.

Finally, incorrect or contaminated shielding gas and loose or cracked hose fittings can all cause excessive tungsten consumption. Take care to use clean, pure Argon and be certain all hoses are intact and fittings are tightened prior to welding.

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Tungsten heavy alloys generally are refractory metal, which have two-phase composites consisting of W-Ni- Fe or W-Ni- Cu or even W-Ni-Cu-Fe, some tungsten alloy is added Co、Mo、Cr, etc. They have very high melting point and have a density twice that of steel and are more than 50% heavier than lead. Tungsten content in conventional heavy alloys varies from 90 to 98 weight percent and is the reason for their high density (between 16.5 and 18.75 g/cc).

Nickel, iron and copper serve as a binder matrix, which holds the brittle tungsten grains together and which makes the alloys ductile and easy to machine. Nickel-iron is the most popular additive, in a ratio of 7Ni:3Fe or 8Ni:2Fe (weight ratio). The conventional processing route for tungsten heavy alloys includes mixing the desired amount of elemental powders, followed by cold pressing and liquid phase sintering to almost full density. The matrix alloy melts and takes some tungsten into solution during liquid phase processing, resulting in a microstructure through which large tungsten grains (20–60µm) are dispersed in the matrix alloy.

The as-sintered material often is subjected to thermo mechanical processing by swaging and aging, which results in increased strength and hardness in the tungsten heavy alloys.


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Since the dawn of tungsten chemistry at the end of the 18th century, coloured tungsten compounds have attracted people.  The first to mention the beauty of yellow tungsten oxide, Rudolf Erick Raspe, had already proposed it as an artist's colour.  Later, Friedrich Wöhler examined the group of colourful tungsten bronzes.

By the end of the 19th century, tungsten salts were used to make coloured cotton fast or washable and to make clothes used for theatrical and other purposes non-inflammable.

In the 1930's, new applications arose in the oil industry for the hydrotreating of crude oils and, in the sixties, new catalysts were invented containing tungsten compounds to treat exhaust gases.

Over the years, however, the amount of tungsten used for these applications has remained small compared to steel, mill products or cemented carbides.

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