Ammonium Paratungstate Preparing Tungsten Rod 1/2

Tungsten Halogen Lamps is mainly applied in the lighting system of automotive, electronic and aerospace industry. Due to the special using environment in which the shock and vibration presence, thus the core materials-tungsten filaments is required to be with good recrystallized of dovetail joint structure, also the ratio of length and width is supposed to larger than 12, which means it has the good properties of sagging resistance at high temperature and deformation resistance. Therefore, improving the properties of tungsten bars which can improve the quality of Tungsten Halogen Lamps has become extremely urgent. A literature has proposed a method for preparing tungsten rod with good properties of sagging resistance at high temperature and deformation resistance which can applied in the production of Tungsten Halogen Lamps.

The specific steps are as follows:
1. Mix monoclinic and spherical ammonium paratungstate by the ratio of 3:1~1.5, as the raw materials;
2. Pre-reduction
Make the raw material going through a reducing furnace with four temperature zone, reduction to generate blue tungsten oxide at the hydrogen atmosphere;
3. High Potassium doping
Mix the blue tungsten oxide into a solution containing with potassium silicate and aluminum nitrate;
4. Reduction
1) Using Secondary-Reduction to generate fine grain tungsten powder with FSSS 2.0~2.6um from doped blue tungsten;
2) Generate coarse tungsten powder with FSSS 3.4~4.0um by One-Reduction method;
3) Generate medium grain tungsten powder with FSSS 2.7~3.3 um in a six temperature zone furnace by Secondary-Reduction method;

SEM Technique Analyzing Tungsten Trioxide Nanowire

 Tungsten Trioxide NanowireStructural Equation Modeling is a blend of multivariate statistical techniques of factor analysis and path analysis. Its strength lies in the quantitative study of the interactive relations among multiple variables. In nearly three decades, SEM is used in a large number of social and behavioral sciences, in the recent years; it has been increasingly used in market research. By SEM technique analyze of tungsten trioxide nanowire, we have a better understand that the impact of changes in external factors caused by the topography. It can be analyzed by the precursor and the reaction temperature.

Nanowires may be defined as having in the transverse direction that is limited to one-dimensional structure at 100 nm (without longitudinal limit). Nanowire suspension means the end of the nanowire under vacuum. Depending on the composition of the material, the nanowire can be divided into different types, including metallic nanowires, nanowires and the insulator semiconductor nanowires.

The preparation of tungsten trioxide nanowire can be divided in three steps. Firstly, obtaining the diameter about 200-500nm tungsten trioxide nanowire, the length about 5-10μu with 1.3g of sodium tungstate reaction in the same conditions. Secondly, we can also study its effect on the appearance of the tungsten trioxide nanowires synthesized by controlling the reaction temperature. Finally, we obtain tungsten trioxide nanowires in the uniform conditions that the reaction time is 32h at 240 ℃, and its diameter is 200-500nm, its length is about 5-10μm.

AMT / SiO2 Catalyst Characterization Results

XRD patterns of AMT / SiO2 catalyst calcined at different temperatures can be seen in Figure 3. When the firing temperature is or more than 623K, there is only one large peak dispersion in the XRD spectrum of the sample that SiO2 diffraction peaks without shaped structure of carrier, indicating that particles of tungsten species on the catalyst surface are small or dispersed in a carrier surface in amorphous form. When the firing temperature is 773K, WO3 diffraction peaks appeared in the spectrum of the sample corresponding to the crystal phase, indicating that a high firing temperature treatment can make the AMT catalyst decomposed into WO3.
 
CO2-TPD spectrum of AMT / SiO2 catalyst calcined at different temperatures can be seen in Figure4 (a). The figure shows that a CO2 desorption peak occurs in the vicinity of 410K in the spectra of all sample, this peak slightly moving towards low temperature with increasing calcination temperature, and the peak intensity decreased. It shows that all the samples have a certain amount of presence of a weak base center, and with increasing calcination temperature, the strength and number of weak base centers on the surface of the catalyst are gradually reduced. In addition, there is a small desorption peaks in the samples which the baking temperature is 623 and 773K at about 542K, indicating a small amount of presence of moderate intensity base center in the sample.
 
Figure 4 (a) is NH3-TPD spectra of the sample. It can be seen in all the samples that NH3 desorption peaks appear about 416K. With the increasing firing temperature, the peak intensity decreased slightly, but the desorption peak temperature substantially unchanged. Which indicates the presence of weak acid center on the catalyst surface calcined at different temperatures, and the amount of weak acid center decreased when calcination temperature increases.



 

Preparing Tungsten Trioxide Fiber

 Tungsten Trioxide FiberFiber refers to the material from continuous or discontinuous filaments thereof. In plants and animals, fiber plays an important role in maintaining organizations. Fibers can be woven into thin, thread and twine, paper or fabric woven fibrous mat; fibers are also used to manufacture materials, and other materials to form composite material. Natural fibers are naturally occurring, we can get fiber naturally, and fibers are divided into different types according to their origins, animal fibers, plant fibers and mineral fibers. In addition, there are chemical fibers, synthetic fibers, synthetic fibers, inorganic fibers and the like. Filling fibers can effectively improve the strength and rigidity of the plastic, reinforce plastic rigid structure.

Tubular tungsten trioxide nano fibers can be used to make gas sensors with high sensitivity and good stability; it shows a bright prospect in the field of gas sensor. Tubular tungsten trioxide fibers can be prepared by template method that has good controllability. This method can use its space limitations and the role of template debugging effect to control the size, morphology, structure and arrangement of the synthetic material.

Making tungstic acid as source of tungsten, placing tungsten acid in the container, and adding the container to the hydrogen peroxide and ethanol, and stirring constantly; immersing AAO template in tungsten trioxide sol about 30min, then rinsing with demonized water, and placing it about 30min in the air, and heating it at 550 ℃ for 6h in the environment, drying it, finally we can obtain similar tubular fiber tungsten trioxide .

 

Producing Crystalline Ammonium Metatungstate Method

1. The method of producing ammonium metatungstate crystals which comprises heating ammonium paratungstate at a temperature within the range of 300 F. to 700 F. until an aqueous slurry containing about 9% by Weight of the material so heated exhibits a pH of between 3 and 5; mixing the material with water at a temperature in the range from above about 70 C. to below the boiling point of water to form a slurry thereof containing from about 9% to about 10% of the material; maintaining the slurry at a temperature in the aforesaid range and adding ammonium hydroxide thereto as needed to maintain the slurry at a pH of from about 3.0 to about 5.0 until the slurry has been reduced to about one-third of its original volume; filtering the concentrated slurry; and crystallizing ammonium metatungstate from the filtrate.
 
2. The method of producing ammonium metatungstate which comprises heating ammonium paratungstate at a temperature of between about 500 F. and 600 F. to evolve ammonia and water therefrom; discontinuing said heating when an aqueous slurry containing about 9% by weight of the material so heated exhibits a pH of between about 3.5 and about 4.0; mixing the material with sufiicient Water at a temperature in the range of C. to C. to form a slurry containing from about 9% to about 10% by weight of the material; maintaining the slurry at a temperature in the aforesaid range and adding ammonium hydroxide thereto as needed to maintain the slurry at a pH of from about 3.5 to 4.0 until suificient water and ammonia has been evolved therefrom to reduce the slurry to about one-third of its original volume; filtering the concentrated slurry; and crystallizing ammonium metatungstate from the filtrate.

AMT

 

 

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