Tungsten Electrodes with Oxide Additions Are Used for TIG Welding

Tungsten is featured by high melting point, strong electron emission ability, high modulus of elasticity, low vapour pressure, so tungsten was early used as hot electron emission material.
 
Properties of tungsten make tungsten be suitable for TIG welding and other electrode materials like TIG welding.
 
Adding rare earth oxide to tungsten to stimulate the releasing of electrons, which improves welding performance of tungsten electrodes: arcing performance is better, the stability of arc column is higher and burn out rate is smaller. Usually, rare earth additions are: cerium oxide, lanthanum oxide, zirconium oxide, yttrium oxide, thorium oxide, etc..
 
Pure tungsten electrodes and tungsten electrodes with oxide additions are used for TIG welding. The various types of electrodes offer specific advantage on account of their properties. A correct choice of the welding electrode is essential for attaining optimum welding conditions. The choice of the type of electrode depends on the material to be welded, the kind of welding current and the required purity of the welds.
 
Tungsten electrodes of different composition are characterized according to DIN32528(analogous to AWS A 5.12-69 and ASTM B 295-55T)by DIN classifications, material numbers and colour codes.
 
 
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Tungsten Collimators for Gamma Radiography Camera

Collimators are essential component of Industrial Radiography set up as they provide radiation safety to the operating personnel and general public at large by directing the emerging radiation beam to the useful area of exposure. A collimator with optimum design features also helps in reducing the scattered radiation which is turn results in radiographs with better sensitivity. Considering the above factors, tungsten collimators with light weight and compact design suitable for directional and panoramic type of exposures have been developed by Radiation Equipment Pragramme .

The collimators are fabricated using the above tungsten alloy as cladding. The tungsten alloy sheild for the directional collimator is designed to provide a 50 degree radiation beam and is encased with stainless steel and totally sealed by argon arc welding.
The panoramic collimator is constructed with two shields designed to provide a 30 degree panoramic radiation beam. The shields are encased with stainless steel and totally sealed by argon arc welding. The collimators can be easily attached to the guide tube exposure head of ROLI-1 radiography camera with a thumb screw.



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Tungsten Egg Fishing Sinkers

Tungsten egg fishing sinkers slip on the line, which is threaded through a hole that runs lengthwise though the sinkers. It is also used for live bait presentations and is still a favorite among catfish anglers. The egg sinker rig is used to fish off or near the bottom. The egg-shape makes these sinkers fairly snag resistant and able to roll along the bottom. It allows the fish to pick up the bait without feeling any resistance and it presents your offering where many fish spend a lot of time on or near the bottom which is a great rig for casting from the bank sinkers.

All the experienced anglers agree that it is important job to tie the tungsten egg fishing sinkers to the line. And how, the following process will show you that.

First thread the egg sinker onto your main line.

Then make use of an improved clinch knot to tie the barrel swivel onto the main line.Next, tie 8 to 12 inches of leader onto the barrel swivel. Using line that is lighter than your main line (like 2lb to 4lb test) for your leader if you fish in clear water, otherwise you can use the same test as your main line.
Then tie the hook onto the leader using an improved clinch knot . The type of hook you use will depend on the fish you are targeting and the bait that you choose.

Tungsten egg fishing sinkers are the perfect alternative to traditional egg sinkers. Tungsten is a responsible and sustainable alternative to other materials, unlike lead which is toxic to people and wildlife, tungsten is friendly to the environment.

egg-fishing-sinkers

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Tungsten Alloy Shielding Effect to γ-Rays

With the continuous development of nuclear technology applications, a variety of radioactive rays are widely used, radiation injury and damage to the environment of the human body is gradually recognized by humans. Frequent exposure to radioactive rays will burn skin, hair loss, eye pain, leukopenia or myeloma and other symptoms. Ray shielding principle means: rays penetrate the material strength will be weakened, a certain thickness of the shielding material can weaken the strength of the rays, set sufficiently thick shielding (shielding material) between the radiator and the human body, can reduce the radiation level, so that people at work are subject to the maximum allowable dose following dose reduction, to ensure personal safety, to protection purposes.

Shielding point is placed a can effectively absorb radiation shielding material between the radiation source and the human body. The γ ray shielding effect of materials of different, wherein heavy metals in the most effective, small size and light weight of the total. There is now usually made ​​of lead shielding material. In nature, the three lead isotopes 206Pb, 208Pb, 207Pb are three natural radioactive series of uranium series, thorium series, the final decay products actinides, and studies have shown that lead is toxic. In order to prevent pollution, protect the environment, the development is proposed instead of lead radiation shielding material requirements. Tungsten nickel alloy nontoxic, safe environment,, high density, small size, light overall weight, abundant. Shielding material in the appropriate amount of added tungsten can screen out the primary and secondary γ-rays.



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The Processing of Tungsten Alloys

Tungsten alloy also named tungsten heavy alloy. The tungsten alloy weight is more than 2 times than iron or steel. Tungsten alloy illustrate the advantage of the microencapsulated powders. Tungsten alloy generally are refractory which have two-phase composite. Tungsten has very high melting point and have a density twice that steel and are more than 50% heavier than lead. Tungsten content in conventional tungsten alloys varies from 90 to 98 weight percent and is the reason for the high weight. Nickel iron and coper service as a metal binder matrix, which holds the brittle tungsten together which make tungsten soft and easy to machine.
 
The popular processing of prepare tungsten alloy including desired amount of elemental tungsten, iron, nickel, or copper power. Followed by cold pressing and liquid phase to almost density. The as-sintered material often is subjected to thermo mechanical processing by swaging and aging, which resulting in increased strength and hardness in the tungsten alloys.
 
The majority use of tungsten are best satisfied with W-Ni-Fe system. The addition of cobalt to W-Ni-Fe alloy is a common approach for slight enhancement of both strength and ductility.       
 
The presence of cobalt within the tungsten alloy provides solid-solution strengthening of the binder and the slightly enhanced tungsten tungsten-matrix interfacial strength. Cobalt additions of 5 to 15% of the nominal binder weight fraction arc most common. 
 
 
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