The cutting forces involved in woodcutting by adopting tungsten carbide cutting tool consist generally of direct cutting forces, frictional forces, centrifugal forces associated with rotating cutter and forces due to attachment of the tool in the cutter head as well as forces due to machine vibration.
Since the rake, clearance and wedge angles of cutting tools refers to the display of material in the cutter, in addition it also indicates the volumes and lines of actions of the cutting forces, they would affect tool wear and several studies have been done which show this effect, with the wedge angle having the most effect. A rapid increase in the cutting force occurs during the initial stages of cutting after which the force tends to level off. Machine vibrations have been found to influence not only chip formation but also the friction forces and coefficients.

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The properties and features of poly tungsten:

High density: ≥11.34 g/cm3
Perfect radiation shielding performance: Tungsten has comparable radiation shielding ability as lead but is much healthier than lead. To date, many manufacturers, especially those in medical industry, are trying to replace lead radiation shielding products with Poly Tungsten products.
Good flexibility and excellent workability: Poly Tungsten sheets can be cut or holed with household scissors and formed into shapes with various curved surfaces.
Healthy and environmentally friendly: Poly Tungsten is made of non-toxic & recyclable materials and produces no pollution to the environment.

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Polished tungsten tube refers to semi-finished surface of pure tungsten tube after polishing products. Outer surface finish, wall caustic pure tungsten tube, the surface smooth, bright, shiny metal pan, the inner surface of the outer surface of the light is better. Pure tungsten tube diameter range is very wide, up to 100 mm, diameter size can also be controlled to 12 mm in length no restrictions, it can be customized according to user requirements. Usually taken pure tungsten tube through the use of pure tungsten rod system. Given its high temperature resistance, high melting point characteristics, pure tungsten tube can be used to protect its internal wire, the wire can also be introduced into the lumen to its high temperature gas or liquid.

Under standard conditions, unbound hard and rare metals, tungsten is a natural compound found on Earth. In 1781, a new element has been identified, first isolated in 1783 in the metal. Its important ores include wolframite and scheelite. Freedom notable feature is its excellent corrosion resistance, especially in the second highest of all the elements that most carbon it's all non-alloyed metal melting point later on. Equally striking is the high density of its 19.3 times that of water, comparable uranium and gold, much higher than the small amount of impurities of lead (approximately 1.7-fold), tungsten is often brittle and hard, making it difficult to work. However, very pure tungsten, though still difficult, more toughness, and can be cut with a hacksaw hard steel.


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The logging-while-drilling tool provides real-time apparent neutron porosity, formation bulk density and photoelectric factor data to characterize formation porosity and lithology while drilling. Due to its high density, excellent absorption behaviour against radiation and environmental friendly characteristics, tungsten alloy can be widely used to produce tungsten radiation shield in density detector of logging-while-drilling.

The radioactive sources are safely contained in the drill collar and are connected to each other by a tungsten radiation shielding that allows fishing by wire line through the drill pipe.These nuclear measurements are borehole compensated for improved accuracy. 360-degree images of density and porosity result from the rotation of the tungsten density detector.

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Using reactive sputtering method producing tungsten trioxide nano films found the average particle size diameter is less than 100nm. The grains size of the tungsten trioxide (WO₃) nano films are related to magnetic irradiation conditions and treatment temperature. After studied showed that sputtering gas volume and proportion play an important role at increase gas sensing property of nano WO₃ film.

By XPS analysis, although proportions of mixed sputtering gas (O₂ / Ar) is different, but the combination of W4f_{7 / 2} and Ols energy unchanged, namely 35.5eV and 530.6eV. And WO₃ film stoichiometric not change, but when the O₂ partial pressure is difference the WO₃ nano-film microstructure will be a great change, this phenomenon can be explained by reduction aggregate. That is when O₂ partial pressure increases the crystal grain size becomes smaller. However, if the O₂ partial pressure is greater than 50% then it will result porosity reduced, thereby reducing the sensitivity of original, indicating that the optimum sputtering mixing ratio is 1: 1. So the sputtering mixed gas (O₂ / Ar) ratio is 1: 1 which using DC reactive magnetron sputtering to produce WO₃ nano film has best gas sensing properties.

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Tungsten has a melting point 3410 °, the boiling point of copper 2 567 ℃. Because copper is much higher than the melting point of tungsten and tungsten and copper boiling immiscible, thus tungsten copper alloy rod casting method can not be used to the system. Melt infiltration method prepares tungsten copper rod can improve the compactness of tungsten copper rod and other material properties.

Principle of melt infiltration method prepares tungsten copper rod is that the use of a capillary force, the low melting point metal wetting liquid filling certain density and strength of the porous matrix skeleton. The molten metal flow to fill the gap along the porous particles of tungsten skeleton pore, resulting in denser materials, greatly improve the toughness of tungsten copper rods.

There are some drawbacks of melt infiltration method prepares tungsten copper rod: Because liquefied copper tungsten skeleton pore capillary action alone infiltration densification therefore slower, less densification. Copper solidified coarse and distribution is not uniform, but will make high temperature sintering tungsten particles grew up together, forming a thick uneven tissue.

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Low temperature sintering infiltration prepares tungsten copper rod is an important method for the preparation of tungsten copper rod. Principle of low temperature sintering infiltration prepares tungsten copper rod is that tungsten powder mixed with a small amount of copper powder and sintering additives (usually nickel powder), at lower temperatures, pre-sintered in hydrogen, and then sintered materials were bleeding copper. In this method of preparing tungsten copper rod it should be noted that the reduction in the sintering process and degassing, and vacuum infiltration of copper and high vacuum degassing process, in order to obtain a vacuum tungsten copper rod low gas content.

Advantages of low temperature sintering infiltration prepares tungsten copper rod are that a simple process for the manufacture of copper content greater than 20% of tungsten copper alloy rod. Disadvantages of low temperature sintering infiltration prepares tungsten copper rod lie in that higher raw material content requirement, tungsten skeleton strong as high-temperature sintering, ablation phenomenon is easy to produce.

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Tungsten powder is the main material of cemented carbide producing. Its particle size and even distribution is the key of producing carbide. Because violet tungsten oxide has a good performance so in recent years the research of purple tungsten expands slowly. And after studies found violet tungsten oxide is the most appropriate for producing ultrafine nano crystalline tungsten powder. This article introduces using violet tungsten oxide as raw materials, through optimized the hydrogen reduction production technology and controlling the reduction temperature, push the boat speed, boat loading capacity and hydrogen flow and other processes to achieve mass production of nano tungsten powder. Producing process as follows:
1. Putting dried ammonium tungstate into industrial rotary kiln calcination with quantitative, since APT under thermal decomposition will producing NH3 which at high temperatures will again break down the H₂. So WO₃ will resort into violet tungsten oxide (WO_2.72), namely violet tungsten oxide self-reduction.
2. Place the prepared violet tungsten oxide into 15 tube reduction furnaces with appropriate amount of loading boat and intervals. After three furnace low-temperature preheat then put it into high temperature zone processing high flow dry hydrogen control vapor transport.
3. Inverse hydrogen reduction producing nanometer tungsten powders of different particle size.
4. After cooling 30min released, screening, testing.

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High temperature sintering infiltration prepares tungsten copper rod is an important method for the preparation of tungsten copper rod.

Principle of preparation ofhigh temperature sintering infiltration prepares tungsten copper rod is that press-formed sintered at high temperature hydrogen tungsten powder, copper is higher than the melting point of the molten copper infiltrated tungsten skeleton rely on capillary action. Advantages of high temperature sintering infiltration prepares tungsten copper rod reflect in that due to the high temperature sintering, tungsten powders restore full, low melting point impurities as well as low-cost tungsten oxide reduction are not easily removed by volatilization and can be divided into heat, through this the method of obtaining the skeleton has a high strength, to avoid the emergence of the phenomenon of arc burning operations, improve the quality of tungsten copper rod.

Disadvantage of high temperature sintering infiltration prepares tungsten copper rod are that the whole production of tungsten copper rod complex process, long production cycle, high cost of production limits the application of tungsten copper rod.

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Tungsten Tube Specification:

Purity: ≥99.95%;
Thickness: 8-30mm ;
Diameter: 30-500mm;
Length: 10-2000mm;  
Appearance: silver grey metal luster;
Supply state: sintering or processing;
Quality standard: GB/T 4187-1984 (tungsten rod) ASTM F288-90;
Size range: Diameter Φ (1.0 ~ 50) mm × thickness (0.1 ~ 5) mm × (50 ~ 1000) mm
(A special specification of tungsten tube is available according to customer demand and design.)
Density ---made by sintering: 18.2g/cm3;
              ---made by complete forging with proper size: 19.2g/cm3 (if the size is too big, the density only can reach to 18.8g/cm3 around);

Application: Tungsten tube is mainly applied in high temperature furnace components, crucible, missile rockets nozzle high temperature furnace, etc.

Tungsten tube and tungsten pipe are manufactured on high accuracy equipment from certified blanks. Vacuum heat treatment facilities are used. The production quality is controlled at all stages. Tungsten tube is often produced in size from 0.15 to 35 mm diameter, wall thickness from 0.05 mm to 10 mm. Tungsten tube is widely used in the thermocouple protection tube, sapphire crystal furnace and high temperature furnace, etc.


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