Tungsten trioxide as a transition metal oxide is an excellent photochromic material. The study found it under ultraviolet light will turn blue. And it can use in optical information storage and optical recording and other filed. Photochromic refer to compound A is subjected to the wavelength λ1 of light, can be generated product B specific chemical reaction which is different structures and spectroscopic properties. And on the other hand in the light of the wavelength λ2 or heating, products B can reversible generation compound A. The basic features of this process are: A, B under certain conditions is stable and color disparity is significant different. What’s more in the process A, B is reversible. When the energy of light which is greater than the band gap of WO₃ light on the sample, then the electron-hole pairs are generated. Photo-generated electrons into the conduction band of WO₃, and adjacent W^{6 +} combine to generate W^{5 +}. At the same time electron holes can react with water molecule which is adsorbed on the sample surface, weakening the water molecules bond H-O, caused by the decomposition of water molecules, generating protons. Proton release into the WO₃ then is become blue H₂WO₃ which is tungsten bronze.

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Industrial radiography is a method of inspecting materials for hidden flaws by using the ability of short X-rays and gamma rays to penetrate various materials. Tungsten alloy shield is widely used to produce radiography welding inspection shielding, ionizing radiation detector shielding, and container inspection radiation shielding in industrial radiography.

The advantages of tungsten alloy industrial radiography shielding：
Tungsten alloy materials has high density,and the characteristics of environment protection. Due to tungsten alloys have the ability of various high-ray shielding,tungsten alloy can be the good materials for industrial radiography shielding. The thickness 3mm of tungsten alloy can shield 95% of 150keV γ radiation. Tungsten alloy materials are suiting for high spatial resolution occasion, such as welding inspection.Tungsten alloy industrial radiography shielding with higher spatial resolution than lead shielding.  

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Nondestructive testing or Non-destructive testing (NDT) is a wide group of analysis techniques used in science and industry to evaluate the properties of a material, component or system without causing damage.

Industrial radiography uses gamma radiation to detect structural faults in materials such as metal and concrete. As with pipeline inspection, the equipment uses tungsten alloy radiation shielding for non-destructive testing, which is coupled with tungsten collimator. Gauging radioactive sources are used in industrial processes to measure thickness, density or levels of materials during production e.g. paper, plastic film, steel sheet or surface coatings.

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Tungsten carbide cutting tools abrasive particle size selection is mainly on account of the surface roughness of     tungsten carbide cutting tools and grinding efficiency requirements for salvation, and also consider the poor thermal conductivity of tungsten carbide cutting tools, grinding prone to crack this important factor, which generally according to the following principles:

The contact area between the grinding wheel and tungsten carbide cutting tools is large, ungsten carbide cutting tools abrasive particle size selection should follow the choice of some of the coarser grinding wheel, for example, the same surface grinding, grinding wheel with a cross-section than the periphery of the grinding wheel coarse granularity to some, when the contact area is small, the wheel can be used some fine-grained, wet than dry grinding with the wheel. You can finer granularity. This choice is easy to make, mainly from the grinding heat generated carbide grinding cracks factor to consider.

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Tungsten carbide cutting tools PVD coating technology can improve the overall performance of tungsten carbide cutting tools. Due to low deposition temperature on the sharp edges can be coated with a smooth, fine-grained, crack-free coatings and excellent residual stress, etc., tungsten carbide cutting tools PVD coating technology has been in the field of tungsten carbide cutting tools and other wide range of applications.

Development of tungsten carbide cutting tools PVD coating technology has led to the emergence of the commercialization of new compounds such as compounds TiCN, TiALN and TiZrN and CrN like. In the cutter, drill, threading, grooving and cutting, such as processing, the application of tungsten carbide cutting tools PVD coating technology is widely than CVD coating technology .In the processing of high temperature alloy, tungsten carbide cutting tools pvd coating technology can achieve very good results.

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Diamond coated tungsten carbide cutting tools is one of coated tungsten carbide cutting tools which has incomparable superiority. Diamond coated tungsten carbide cutting tools has high hardness, low coefficient of friction, high thermal conductivity and low coefficient of thermal expansion. However, the diamond will work with the Periodic Table Group IVA to Group VIIA elements react, so diamond coated tungsten carbide cutting tools can only be used in machining the workpiece scrap metal and non-metallic materials.

Diamond coated tungsten carbide cutting tools has a small planar structure, which makes its surface rough. In the back of the tool, this facet will cause deterioration of the workpiece surface finish.

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The flutes of the tungsten carbide router bit refers to the deep helical grooves running up the bit. The quantity of the flutes is the number of the cutting edges that are made in the body of the bit. Since the cutting purposes and materials to be cut are varied, the flute is one of the geometry of the bit could make an effort in matching those specific cutting purposes.

Generally, the tungsten carbide router bits are available for one, two and three flutes (less commonly) , and more flutes increases the strength of the tool, but reduces space for chip flow. For example, one flute bit has more room for chips being evacuated, making faster cutting possible, while three flute bit is stronger and cuts with a finer finish.

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Tungsten carbide ball nose cutter is also called ball end mill as the end of its cutters are hemispherical, which could offer a radius to the inside corners of pocket cuts. It is a decent choice for machining 3D contoured shapes in machining centers, for instance, in moulds and dies. In 3D projects, it could help blend each path together, resulting in less finish work. When used to add a radius between perpendicular faces to reduce stress concentrations, it also function well.



There is also a term bull nose cutter, which refers to a cutter having a corner radius that is fairly large, although less than the spherical radius (half the cutter diameter) of a ball mill; for example, a 20-mm diameter cutter with a 2-mm radius corner. This usage is analogous to the term bull nose center referring to lathe centers with truncated cones; in both cases, the silhouette is essentially a rectangle with its corners truncated.


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A typical tungsten carbide router bit comprises cutting edge and shank, for its dimension the relevant data include, cutting edge diameter, cutting edge length , shank diameter and overall length.



Cutting edge diameter determines the width of the cutting tool will make through the work piece. The common measures of its dimension could be mm or inches.

Cutting edge length controls the maximum thickness of the work piece it can deal with. But it should be noticed that the cutting edge length has nothing to do with the length of the bit, which means even if the bit length is longer than the cutting edge length, the maximum cutting thickness is still equal to the cutting edge length.

Shank diameter is the diameter of the bit body where it goes into the collet. Sometime its dimension might be same with cutting edge diameter but not always.


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Overall length is the total length of the tungsten carbide router bit between the two ends. Specially, the bit will typically go into the collet 1 inches or more, so during the actual practice the length of the bit that actually out of the collet should be taken into consideration.  


Chip load refers to the thickness of a chip which is formed in the material machining processes. Chip load plays a vital part, as the proper chip size will remove the hear and promote long tool life. If the chip is too small, heat is transferred to the cutting tool causing premature bit failure. Too high of a chip load will cause poor edge finish, and transfer cutting load or thrust to the part, possibly causing it to move. And when a cut is finished, the recommended operation condition is room temperature .

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