The first paper folded dart flight was patented in 1898 by an American and in 1906 an Englishman patented the first metal barrel.

Much is also speculated about the distance from where the darts were thrown, commonly known as the “oche”. (“oche” is pronounced the same as “hockey without the “H”). Other words for "the oche" is the “Throw line” or “Toe Line”. The throwing line is a line that a dart player stands behind when throwing his or her darts.

Two theories exist about the origins of the term “oche”.

The first theory is that the word “oche” had its origin from a brewery in the West Country of England called “Hockey and Sons” or “S.Hockey and Sons”. The original throwing distance for darts was 9 feet. It is said that “Hockey & Sons” delivered bottled beer to pubs which came in wooden crates that were exactly 3 feet long. One English pub owner then made the 9 feet rule by placing three “Hockey & Sons” beer crates (3 x 3 feet) as a distance marker. Many people also believed this is how the phrase “toeing the hockey” came about, which added more validity to this theory.

Sadly it seems this theory is completely untrue, because no record exists anywhere when researching the history of darts in Britain about a brewery called ‘S. Hockey & Sons’ or ‘Hockey & Sons’ for that matter. This was apparently confirmed by the Brewery History Society in the early 1990’s as explained on the website of the darts historian Patrick Chaplin.

The second theory about the origin of the word “oche” also considers “oche” to be derived from the word “hockey”, but from a total different source. An English newspaper, News of the World, sponsored darts competitions in the 1920’s. They used the word “hockey” for the throwing line in their “tournament rules”.

The word “hockey” was derived from an old English word “hocken” which meant “to spit”. It is said that spitting competitions were held in public bars of English public houses, and that the “hockey line” was determined by the distance that a player, standing with his back to the dartboard, could spit from the dartboard

Talking of public houses. In the early 1900’s, legislation prohibited "games of chance" in public houses, and the game of darts was considered to fall in this category.

In 1908, a pub owner from Leeds, Yorkshire, by the name of Foot Anakin was taken to court for allowing people to play darts in his establishment. He decided to challenge this ruling, and offered to prove that darts was not a "game of chance", but a “game of skill”. A dartboard was set up in court and Foot Anakin proved his skill by throwing 3 darts in the number 20. He then challenged any court official to do the same. One of the court clerks decided to take up the challenge and failed. The judge then ruled that darts was in fact a "game of skill" and dismissed the case. This ruling boosted the game even more, which led to more competitions in public houses.

The National Darts Association (NDA) was founded in London during 1924, just as darts became more popular and more recognized as a sport. The NDA standardized the sport and introduced rules and regulations.

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Warming up before league play and tournaments is very important and worth a special paragraph. There have some tips to help you prepare for tungsten dart match.

You should at least do half an hour of concentrated warm up before important league matches or tournaments. E.g. the pros playing the World Championship are warming up for several hours before the match. Eric Bristow used to feel ready for battle only when he got 4 or 5 hours of practice before one single match (which then lasted even shorter than his practice session before). He won the title five times so he seemed to know what he did. Of course such extreme warm up is rarely possible with tournament starts at AM and league nights right after work.

Once you know your most common problems you will develop your own warm up routines, like using tungsten dart hitting each double at least once or twice or playing round the dartboards and so on. Of course warm up is also a situation where you may and should go for increased scoring practice, but still doubles (or trebles for cricket) are more important. If diddle for middle is the rule or if cricket will be played of course bull is important, too.

Remember before the tournament or league it still is solitary that rules! It is especially dangerous here to stick too much to match play for warm up because warm up is a situation where you need to get rid of possible technical problems as soon as possible. This requires your full concentration, and warm up matches are very likely to put your concentration on winning them instead of fighting your problems! You can of course switch to playing them once your feeling and technique are set for the day, but not earlier.
 

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Fox Hunt a challenging and sometimes frustrating tungsten dart rule. It is best enjoyed by 2 players of equal skill (preferably intermediate to advanced).

The Object: The object of the "fox" is to get back to his "burrow" before being caught.
The object of the "hound" is to catch the fox before he gets back to his burrow.
Each player has a chance to be the fox and the hound, whoever gets further around the board as the fox wins the game.

The Scoring: There really is no scoring needed. All that needs to be remembered is what number you're up to and after the roles are reversed, where the first fox finished.

The Play: Each player throws one dart at bulls-eye, closest to the bulls-eye is the fox and goes first.

The fox starts on 20 and must throw one dart in order into the double-20 and the single-20 to advance. The double twenty is the thin outer ring and the single is either of the large wedges. After the 20 is completed, the fox continues counter-clockwise around the board first hitting the double then the single of each number. After three darts are thrown, the hound then gets a chance to try to catch the fox.

The hound starts on 18 and must throw one dart into the double-18 to advance. After the double-18 is hit, the hound progresses in counter-clockwise throwing one dart into each double in order. After three darts are thrown, the play goes back to the fox.

If the fox makes it all the way around the board back to the double-20 (no single needs to be thrown when the fox returns to the 20) the round is over. If the hound hits the double of the number the fox is on (it does not matter if the fox in on the double or the single) the hound has captured the fox and the round is over.

Wherever the fox was when the round ended is remembered or marked on the scoreboard and the roles of the fox and hound are reversed. The new fox must try to get further around the board than the first fox did. If both foxes make it home the game is a tie and may be played again to determine a winner.

Strategy: When your the fox, don't get caught. When your the hound, catch the fox.

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There are many different tungsten darts grip ways to choose.Take the time to experiment with all of these grips. You can help your game tremendously by finding the perfect grip for you and your style of darts. However, try to avoid frequently switching back and forth too quickly. Take a few weeks to practice it and stick to your new grip. Also, make sure to use the same darts when testing grips – different shafts and flights can make a big difference in your throw. And always remember there isn’t a right or wrong grip so experiment and have fun with it! Here are a few different grips to try out:

Four fingers and thumb. This way achieved by resting smallest finger on top or bottom of the dart tip for maximum guidance in acceleration and touch with placement. However this grip adds one more touch point to the dart and can cause the throw to get away from you.

Three fingers and thumb. This is a basic grip that gives you a lot of control over the dart during acceleration and placement adjustments. The third finger on the dart barrel does increase your chances of a misfire.

Two fingers and thumb. This allows for fewer fingers to get in the way of a great throw while sacrificing some control. Consider moving the thumb slightly behind the center weight of the dart for more control.

One finger and thumb. Similar to how you would hold a writing pen, this grip minimizes your touch points at the expense of control over the dart. This style of grip can be very effective however it may take some time to get used to.

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Tungsten dart throwers of all skill levels can benefit from a steady throwing pace. By focusing on your natural throwing process you can make sure your pace is the same every time you face the dartboard.

What is a steady pace? A steady pace to throw tungsten darts is a conscious effort to make the throwing process the same each time you face the dartboard. The actual pace is different for every tungsten dart player and is achieved by approaching the dartboard and throwing your tungsten darts in a calm and deliberate motion that feels natural.

Use timing to create a steady pace. A steady and consistent pace is an often overlooked but critical part of the game of tungsten darts. Some tungsten dart throwers synchronize their approach and their throw by counting to themselves, like dance steps. A naturally relaxed pace can often give you an advantage over an opponent who is erratic and emotional in a tight spot.

Concentrate on your approach. Take note where you approach the dart line, how you address the dartboard and what your follow through looks like. Make a mental picture of this process and try to re-create it every time you throw a tungsten dart. Your natural pace will emerge after a few hours of playing tungsten darts.

Never change your pace. Whether your opponent is a fast or slow dart thrower, do not change your pace. Stay focused and throw the game at your natural speed. If you catch yourself rushing, step off the throwing line, take a deep breath, and get back into your natural rhythm.
 

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What separates a good player from a great player is shooting consistently match after match. Here are a few pointers to help you work on shooting consistent tungsten darts every time you face the dartboard:

Concentrate on your approach. One of the keys to shooting consistent tungsten darts is approaching the board the exact way every time. If you change your approach you change everything and you make it harder to shoot well. Be aware of where your feet are on the line. Point your elbow at your target. Cock your arm. Keep your tungsten darts pointing up and not down. And finally concentrate on your target before you start the throwing motion.

Know your options. If you are playing an ’01 game, know your options regarding the out number, click here for an out chart. If you are shooting better at the top half of the board then create an out that takes advantage of that strength. If you are playing cricket make sure to point your opponent. If you have an advantage, exploit it. You’ll probably need those points later in the match. Always remember that you are in control of your destiny.

Muscle memory. Has your second tungsten dart automatically followed your first tungsten dart – even if you were aiming somewhere else? That’s called muscle memory and it can be your best friend or your worst enemy, depending on when it happens. The best way to control muscle memory is to make your first tungsten dart count. Hit that first number and muscle memory does the rest. If you don’t hit the first number, step away from the line, shake it out, take a deep breath and approach the board with a new perspective.

Practice makes perfect. The best way to shoot consistent tungsten darts is to feel confident when you are at the line. The best way to feel confident is to pay your dues. Practice your tungsten dart game using the practice guidelines on this site. Some people think that any practice is good practice. That’s just not good advice. Make your practice sessions focused and simulate a competitive environment. You will accomplish very little by just throwing tungsten darts at a board. Focus your practice sessions and you’ll be on the path to shooting strong, consistent tungsten darts.

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“Something about Lanthanum Tungsten Electrode by the Material of Lanthanum Tungsten Electrode Preparation – II” is mainly talked about the index of lanthanum acetate in chemically pure, analytical reagent and technicalgrade, and this article will describe the meaning and expansion of lanthanum acetate index in the table.

By purity, chemical raw materials can be divided into technicalgrade and reagentgrade (chemically pure, analytical reagent, laboratory pure and superiorgrade pure).
The purity of technicalgrade is very low and is just suitable in laboratory with lower requirements, such as, washing, dissolving or as raw materials in production.

Chemically pure (chemical pure reagent), abbreviated as CP --- third, blue label, it is a chemical reagent purity specifications; its main component content is high and its purity is also higher, but there is still a small amount of interference impurities; it may be used in synthesis experiments with a higher requirement and analysis experiments with less requirement.
Analytical reagent (AR) --- second, red label; its primary component content is higher and purity is also higher, impurity content is very low; it can be used in chemical experiments and industry analysis.



 

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“Something about Lanthanum Tungsten Electrode by the Material of Lanthanum Tungsten Electrode Preparation - I" is mainly about some properties of lanthanum acetate, this article is after I, talking about the index of lanthanum acetate in chemically pure, analytical reagent and technicalgrade.
The index of lanthanum acetate in chemically pure, analytical reagent and technicalgrade can be seen in the table below

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There is a preparation mentioned in "Preparation of Lanthanum Tungsten Electrode”, that is lanthanum tungsten coating powder method for preparation lanthanum tungsten electrode, one of the raw material for which is lanthanum acetate. The following, let us take a look at what is lanthanum acetate?

Lanthanum acetate (La (Ac) 3 • nH2O) nature and stability
Shape of white flake, solid;
Easy deliquescence in moist air;
Formula: C₆H₉LaO₆
Molecular Weight: 316.04
It is easily deliquescent in moist air; solubility in water (g / 100ml); dissolve grams per 100 ml of water - 16.9g / 20 ℃.
Soluble in water (at 18 ℃, 100mL water soluble 20.43g of anhydrous), benzene (heated to 760 ℃, decomposition of lanthanum oxide); La (CH3COO) 3 • DMF soluble in water; insoluble in ether; sparingly soluble or insoluble in DMF (heated to 210 ℃ lost DMF);
The catalyst can be used in the chemical industry for purification of automobile exhaust and additives, it can also be used to prepare lanthanum chloride, lanthanum compounds and other oil additives.
Storage
Seal in a closed container.



 

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Preparation of Lanthanum tungsten electrode is mainly adopting Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) and plasma technology (PLASMA), for welding, cutting, spraying and smelting metals, such as, aluminum, copper, stainless steel.

Method One
1. Preparation of Lanthanum tungsten coating powder; pour water in a vessel that containing lanthanum acetate (La (Ac) 3 • nH2O) and Ammonium paratungstate (APT), tungsten trioxide (WO₃) and tungsten powder to obtain mixing, and mixing evenly to obtain lanthanum tungsten coating powder.
2. The decomposition lanthanum salt in lanthanum tungsten coating powder; restoring it in a hydrogen atmosphere.
Restoring
Reduction temperature: 600 ~ 700 ℃; the time is controlled in 2~3 hours.
Secondary reduction
Reduction temperature: 800-970 ℃; gas flow rate is 0.5－2.0m³/h.

Method Two
Adding La₂O₃ to WO₃ powder and then preparing the lanthanum tungsten electrode with excellent electrical properties and without radioactive contamination by reduction, sintering, swaging, drawing, cutting, polishing and other processes.



 

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