China Rare Earth Industry Association, the professional branch 2014 annual work conference held in Beijing . Secretariat of the Association and all the leaders of the professional club leaders attended the meeting. The meeting was chaired by the Secretary General Ma Rongzhang Association .

At the meeting, Wang iron Association Deputy Secretary-General announced the " China Rare Earth Industry Association, the professional branch management approach" ;Chen Zhanheng time Deputy Secretary-General to convene the Association introduced the members of the General Assembly in 2014 and the " 2014 International Conference on the market of rare earth resources ," the preparatory situation ;Wang Deyong deputy Secretary made ​​a " rare association statistics reports on the situation ," the Association last year on the operation of the enterprise production and operation statistics and price statistics were both working instructions and suggestions for future branch statistics .

Branch Secretary of the professional branch of its operation a year made ​​a report , describes the status of an industry branch related fields, and make this year's work plan.

Meeting to discuss the development direction of each branch in related fields. Each branch of the upstream business can continue to hope that the rare earth , stable supply of rare earth products , suggested that the state can focus on supporting the development of the field of application of rare earth , rare earth balanced use of the elements .


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April 15, 2014 market price of rare earth products

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Today, the smooth operation of the rare earth market , the price of the overall performance without large fluctuations , ionic rare earth oxides of europium , terbium, lutetium Firmer prices , trading volume is still small. Lanthanum, cerium market changes in metal and oxide recent quotes little respect , according to Baotou suppliers reflect less space lanthanum, cerium can change now lanthanum metal with votes in 50,000 yuan / ton, slightly higher than the metal cerium $ 5,000 / ton. According to a trader with Ganzhou understand the current 3N lanthanum oxide with a ticket price of 22,000 yuan / ton , cerium oxide at about 21,000 .

Earlier this month , the message was underway when purchasing and storage , praseodymium , neodymium , dysprosium oxide and alloy prices more obvious upward , following the announcement of Minmetals Rare Earth many times the listed price , the spot market europium, terbium , lutetium oxide market prices also some fluctuations , the current supplier , according to Ganzhou reflect not dismiss the possibility of lower transaction prices on the market, but the business is currently outside of europium oxide price has risen to 4,200 yuan / kg , but also reflect local traders now have other the shipping price of europium oxide of at least 4,200 yuan / kg. Before terbium oxide market has been among the 3100-3300 period yuan / kg fluctuations , the current focus on the business offer 3200-3300 yuan / kg. Lutetium oxide market, Baotou Rare Earth Stock Exchange and China Rare Earth Industry Association quotes a big gap between the former as of 14:00 lutetium oxide prices displayed in 9500 yuan / kg , which is quoted in the 8213-8467 Association yuan / kg. According to traders with Ganzhou understand now lutetium oxide quoted at 8800-9000 yuan / kg , whereas the previous price at 8,500 yuan / kg.


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Rare earth prices remain stable , but also in changes in purchasing and storage news , rumors or part will be in May , less than the actual downstream demand , the good news is difficult to release , rare earth prices weak , mainly steady .

Dysprosium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax 165-175 yuan / ton, dysprosium iron mainstream manufacturers tax price 170-180 yuan / ton.

Praseodymium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 570,000-580,000 yuan / ton. Neodymium oxide 315,000-325,000 yuan / ton.

Lanthanum oxide manufacturers tax price 21,000-22,000 yuan / ton. Cerium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 21,000-22,000 yuan / ton.

Neodymium oxide, praseodymium mainstream manufacturers tax price 315,000-325,000 yuan / ton , praseodymium , neodymium metal mainstream manufacturers tax price 410,000-420,000 yuan / ton.

Fluorescent europium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 4,000-4,200 yuan / kg. Terbium oxide phosphor grade mainstream manufacturers tax price 3,000-3,200 yuan / kg.


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Recently, the World Trade Organization (WTO) announced the United States , European Union, Japan v. China rare earths , tungsten, molybdenum export management measures related to the case of the panel report , ruled that the export control measures Chinese products involved violations. This is China , after " nine kinds of raw materials case" once again lost in the resource trade disputes .

Not surprisingly , beyond reasonable

WTO to make this decision based on what ? WTO Research Institute of Foreign Trade University Tu Xinquan explains: " According to the WTO rules on export quotas , tariff measures can be taken , but in principle it can limit the number of exports. Chinese think we are to protect the environment and resources, but ruled that the expert group believes that taking the export quota to meet strict conditions: first, is to protect the environment and resources must measure ; Second, while export restrictions should be limited to domestic production and consumption. The Group believes that China does not meet these two conditions . "

For this award, Zhang Anwen , deputy secretary general of China Association for Rare Earth with the " outside expected, makes sense " to evaluate , "WTO ruling is expected for us to do, but we do not lose lose Act reasonable. "

Zhang Anwen gives his reasons: China to account for 23 percent of the world's rare earth reserves , the global supply of more than 90 % of the market demand, and the supply of inexpensive products . However, the rare earth production , especially mining and smelting, to pay a huge environmental cost to the consumer of rare earth bring economic benefits, environmental pollution and ecological destruction has left China , we have done a serious sacrifice and the resulting asymmetry . Department of Commerce had quotas original intention was to protect our natural resources and prevent excessive exports , there are many foreign rare earth resources, but they are not taken possession of , or mining and sell less .

Rare known as " industrial vitamins ," said , its application to high-tech and strategic emerging industries bring great support , downstream of green industries, energy conservation, ecology and environment have great benefit. China is a big country of rare earth , four of resources , production, exports and consumption are highest in the world. Of the mid-1980s after a large number of mining and smelting of rare earth , rare earth industry, though small, but accumulated over the years , environmental pollution and ecological damage is very serious.

" In the South, 92% of the production of one ton of ore , will produce 1,600 tons to 3,000 tons of waste soil waste rock ; production of 10,000 tons of heavy rare earth oxides , 100 square kilometers will cause damage to vegetation . " Zhang Anwen given such a set of data, " In addition, the mountains may also cause soil erosion and landslides , clogged rivers, reservoir siltation ; dressing added ammonium sulfate pollution of surface water and groundwater ; waste of farmland , as well as certain radioactive contamination. "

" Baotou and other cities relatively better light rare earth mining , smelting and mining damage mainly after . Production of one ton of oxide will produce more than twenty thousand cubic meters including SO2, SO3, HF and dust emissions, and about 65 tons of acid , salt , COD and BOD wastewater. " Zhang Anwen said.

Establish healthy development of energy-saving environmental protection industry

According to the WTO dispute settlement practice, the panel report issued within 60 days of our country can appeal . Industry experts generally believe that , even if the appeal , if there is no strong evidence to overturn a new group of experts concluded , the Appellate Body ruling is likely to remain the expert group to make the final ruling within three to four months. In this case , how to deal with our country ?

Tu Xinquan that " rare case" impact on international trade is not so large , China 's rare earth is not irreplaceable , the importing country can actually find other alternatives . Through the role of the market , the rare earth prices to go up , the price is raised, naturally will lead to the importing countries to choose another alternative, reduce imports of Chinese rare earth.

" China wants to develop more high-tech and advanced manufacturing, downstream industry chain more effective, which is the future direction of development. " Zhang Anwen said," In a nutshell, that is stronger as you want . From big to strong is an inevitable requirement , although it has become our country the world's second largest economy, but not strong enough in many ways , especially in advanced manufacturing . "

It is understood that China's rare earth permanent magnet , glow, catalysis, hydrogen storage production rank first in the world , good quality , to meet the basic domestic needs , but also to have some exports. At present China's rare earth industry chain short board that extends components, parts development and production is relatively backward , many of the key sensors, precision instruments, core components , as well as some of the major key equipment had to rely on imports , resulting in not only accused of being foreign , but also is counter situation. " must pay close attention to manufacturing, electronics, components, parts , otherwise the assembly will always be a big country can not become a manufacturing power , but can not create a great nation. " Zhang Anwen said .

On how to strengthen the management of rare earth exports , Zhang Anwen gives five suggestions : First , strengthen enterprise resource integration , improve the comprehensive utilization of resources , and promote the healthy development of rare earth industry . Second, improve the export value-added products , developed patented technology. Third, the export threshold of at least the national environmental protection requirements , through environmental verification and the Ministry of access, in line with national policies to prevent disorderly excess exports. Fourth, look forward to the formation of a diverse, sustainable international rare earth supply system. Foreign dependence on Chinese rare earths produced , will depend on the formation of habits , there will be demanding. If abroad , especially in the heavy rare earth, able to exploit more reliance on Chinese rare earths can be less. Fifth, we should establish a good price formation mechanism, to avoid price roller coaster ups and downs , to be fully considered in the cost of rare earth rare earth environmental management and ecological restoration of basic costs required to form a high and stable price system , and get the price aspects of the right to speak .

"In addition, China express their views to be more in the international arena , to make the international community aware of the efforts made ​​to protect resources and the environment , and actively participate in the development of rules. " Zhang Anwen said," but also attach importance to the role of industry associations and other civil society organizations to price stability , control the volume, and strengthen self-discipline and explore new export management, participation in international trade litigation disputes play an active effect. "

" Rare is the Chinese , but also the world. China has made ​​efforts to protect resources and the ecological fully reflects the WTO about the people, resources , and environmental development requirements of China will continue its efforts in this regard , we are still a long way. " Zhang Anwen said .


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U.S. to appeal the case on Chinese export restrictions on rare earths , tungsten and molybdenum (DS431) panel report to the WTO Dispute Settlement Body . Recently, the United States filed an appeal on the case released specific demands , mainly related to the following group of experts found that the refusal of China ( July 17, 2013 ) applicable to the Group of Experts answer inquiries submitted by the prosecution at the second meeting comments made ​​by the relevant evidence. The United States says , by refusing to apply the evidence , the Panel erroneously drew the following conclusions : that the use of such evidence would bring about the " legal proceedings " in consideration of China ; " new expert reports submitted " would impede the speedy resolution of the dispute ; as evidence to refute the evidence must show "up to the necessary level required ." The United States says , is to make these finds , the Panel erroneously applied "on the Dispute Settlement Understanding on Rules and Procedures " section 3.3 , and failure to comply " with regard to the Dispute Settlement Understanding on Rules and Procedures " section 12.4 for the United States to provide adequate time to prepare a statement . Based on these demands , the United States requested the Appellate Body rejected the application of the expert group identified in July 17, 2013 meeting to submit relevant evidence violates the " Dispute Settlement Understanding on Rules and Procedures " on page 11 and Section 12.4 .

March 13, 2012 , the United States , the European Union and Japan on China's export restrictions on rare earths , tungsten and molybdenum resort to WTO dispute settlement mechanism , Brazil, Canada, Colombia , the European Union , India, Japan , Korea, Norway, Oman, Saudi Arabia, China Taiwan , Vietnam, Argentina, Australia, Indonesia, Turkey , Peru and the Russian Federation to third parties involved in the case the panel procedure . March 26, 2014 , WTO Dispute Settlement Body on U.S. , EU, Japan v. China's export restrictions on rare cases , tungsten and molybdenum (DS431, DS432, DS433) released panel report .


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On the rare earths issue, China is really a "monopoly of resources , to raise prices bullies " do? Obviously not .

The so-called rare earths , is Mendeleev's periodic table of the last 17 ​​rare elements collectively , the international trade of rare earth today , almost China to other countries to sell rare earths , rare earths and rare earth application level major importing countries is much higher than China , and unceremoniously technology blockade against China . It is particularly worth mentioning is that the advantages of the United States and other countries on the application of rare earth embodied in military technology as the forerunner in the field of high-precision -guided , satellite, detection, communications, laser and so on. In addition, because they do not control pricing and export of primary products are the most primitive , Chinese exports of rare earth price per kilogram was cheaper to just 18 yuan , while the international market price of up to $ 1,000 / kg. According to Chinese experts as saying that China sold the gold price of potatoes .

China WTO Research Association, Zhou , "Global Times" said rare earths are non-renewable resources, we dug sale of own resources , then the future will not buy from others is the price. In 2009, China began to adjust the rare earth export policy .

June 2010 , the United States , Japan and Europe to " Chinese monopoly of rare earths ," the anxiety reaches a climax , "Global Times" reporter went to the world's largest rare earth mine , located in Baotou, Inner Mongolia 's Bayan Obo interview. Where both felt " in the Middle East has oil , China has rare earths " advantage , but also rare earth mining site to see the enormous damage to the environment . Reporters saw at a local area of ​​about 11 square kilometers of tailings , in fact, an artificial lake , surrounded by some of the many tailings water and sewage into the lake of rare earth giant , not only threaten the environment , Heavenly strong wind Shihai radioactive dust, causing the lake water leakage and surrounding land salinization. Therefore, a number of villages around the lake forced relocation .

" New York Times " on the 26th , said the Chinese government at the time of the complaint emphasized the environmental impact of the above , showing the result of rare earth production " scarred land ," the Chinese foreign rare earth companies also hope to be able to set up factories in the territory of China , the Chinese side to increase employment and transfer of technology to China . But critics argue that China is monopolized by foreign companies forced into submission . Swiss " New Zurich newspaper" reported on the 27th in the first instance for China WTO said something fair, when ruling, the article said , the working group is to make a decision by the United States , Japan and the EU jointly established , a team member said , China restrictions on exports of rare earths is reasonable .

" We need something that China must be a sufficient amount of the sale , we are entitled to something China does not need to sell , this logic is that world trade rules do it? " Turning to the United States , Japan and Europe to the WTO lawsuit against China's rare earth monopoly , one of the" China Rare Earth industry Global Times "interview, the reaction is very strong . But Chinese experts say , the year in accordance with China 's WTO commitments , China for more than 80 tariff lines may impose export tariffs , but not in the rare earths can be taxed , and a Chinese export taxes on rare indeed violated its WTO commitments , which more or less than a decade ago people do not realize about the importance of rare earth resources . China cites Article 20 of the GATT , " the conservation of exhaustible natural resources escape clause" to defend and advocate measures to comply with China's WTO advocates sustainable development goals, but the defense has not been supported by the WTO panel report .


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New energy vehicles , especially pure electric vehicles because they do not fuel , less emissions , become synonymous with environmentally friendly fashion . However, the upstream and downstream industry chain will bring pollution may surprise people . For the pollution generated by new energy vehicles , most people understand the current generation of pollution is : that although the process of using electric cars to achieve a zero- emissions, power generation plants has caused severe dust pollution . Especially in China , more than 75% of its electricity from coal power generation, no less than the dangers of pollution gasoline combustion .

In fact , the new energy vehicle industry chain downstream pollution caused by much more than that . For example , the use of new energy vehicle batteries , in the production process will produce pollution. Graphite is the constituent elements of the electric car lithium batteries , there are foreign media said , per pure electric car contains about 50 kg of graphite , containing about 10 kg of hybrid , electric bicycles containing about 1 kg , notebooks containing about 100 grams , the phone contains about 15 grams. Graphite manufacturing process will contain large amounts of heavy metals discharged highly acidic wastewater , contaminated farmland and drinking water, graphite dust floating into the air will cause "Black Rain " and the haze phenomenon .

Currently , lithium batteries have become the mainstream choice of new energy vehicles , but still the majority of low-speed electric vehicles in the use of lead-acid batteries, lead-acid battery production process will generate a lot of lead dust , lead acid mist , waste water, waste gas . Lead is a toxic heavy metal that can enter the body through the respiratory and digestive systems , can also lead to babies through breast milk embryos and poisoning . Lead enters the human body , can diffuse from the blood into the soft tissues and organs of the body , and ultimately into the bones and teeth , resulting in major diseases .

Improper recycling of used batteries will produce more pollution. Used batteries contain cadmium , lead, mercury , nickel, zinc , manganese, etc. , will affect seed germination and growth , resulting in pollution of rivers, lakes, sea and other water bodies , where the cadmium, lead , mercury would be more interested in bring great harm to the human body . Data show that a small lithium coin can contaminate 600,000 liters of water. Similarly, the lead-acid battery if mishandled , the greater harm.

Rare chronic pollution is another new energy vehicles can not be avoided . Rare is called " industrial vitamins ' extensive use in military, electronics and other industries , is an important strategic mineral resources. Batteries and new energy rare earth permanent magnet motor cars also use rare earth materials . For example, some high-performance electric vehicle equipped with synchronous motor on the use of rare earth materials .

However, the rare earth ore open pit mining process will produce radioactive pollution , heavy metals, fluoride , ammonia and sulfate pollution, recycling of resources , the surrounding atmosphere , plants, aquatic ecosystems , soil environment has potential hazards. Some areas also because overexploitation of rare earth , causing landslides , river blockage, sudden environmental pollution and other events. After the rare earth mining , mine environment restoration and management is also a heavy burden.

Rare minerals Chaoshan region is very rich. 2013 , due to a lawless region of Guangdong Lufeng illegal mining of rare earth , resulting in a number of villages around the water undrinkable . 2011 , also because of a rare earth mining Chaoshan area of environmental pollution , caused by local villagers and fight illegal mining . Local villagers told reporters that because of pollution caused by illegal mining of rare earth , they did not dare to drink water Curry , near the Castle became the Loess Plateau . Kids go swimming in the river bathing has become memories.

Another concern is that China 's rare earth resources face depletion problem. State Council Information Office published in 2012 , " China 's rare earth conditions and policies ," the white paper said China's rare earth reserves account for 23 percent of global reserves, has supplied 90% of global demand . After half a century of mining super strength , China's reserves of rare earth resources and the protection of life continue to decline, decay accelerating major mining resources , most of the existing mining resources depletion .

White Paper For example, Baotou rare earth ore mining resources remaining major 1/ 3 , Southern ionic rare earth ore reserve-production ratio has been 20 years ago to the current 50 15 . In view of this , if a large -scale promotion of new energy vehicles , it is not only rare earth mining will become a stumbling block pollution caused by rare earth is a strategic non-renewable resources , depletion of rare earth will also affect the production of new energy vehicles , as oil depletion will draw fuel vehicles on the same period .

Face generation of pollution , the industry 's response is that the new energy vehicles during the day and electricity at night to charge , you can reserve the power grid can not fully use , reduce energy consumption, while , to promote wind power and hydroelectric power and other green energy . The face of pollution and recycling pollution caused by battery production , the country has developed a unified approach to battery recycling management , and greatly enhance battery production and recycling technology. For the rare earth mineral depletion of the country 's current practice is strictly managed rare earth mining , improve the comprehensive utilization , regulate the export price.

Anyway , enough battery energy density , inadequate facilities , state subsidies and other factors are not in place just dominant disorder promotion of new energy vehicles , battery pollution , the pollution caused by the mining of raw materials and resource depletion, may be hidden behind the scenes bigger stumbling block . How these hurdle crossed , will test the wisdom and courage to promote new energy vehicles persons .


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Recently, the Ministry of Finance , Ministry of Land Resources , Ministry of livelihood projects focus on three ministries - Anyuan County Gang Kawasaki - LT narrow - gong abandoned nest of rare earth mine geological environment governance project officially started.

The total investment of 36.66 million yuan , the main governance contents are: mine geological disaster control engineering , topography renovation project , build drainage works , soil pollution control projects, and other vegetation .

The project is the national ministries to implement the " State Council on support Gannan and other former Soviet Central revitalization and development ," the specific initiatives , the implementation of the project can solve the historical destruction of abandoned rare earth mine geological environment problems , the project is expected to be completed early in 2015 .


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April 14, 2014 market price of rare earth products

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