After the WTO ruling against rare case , the United States , Japan and other Western countries seems to be a lot cheaper to get our country 's rare earth resources without any responsibility for the environmental damage . For this reason, we do not have to worry , in order to protect our environment and resources, we can take the "restrict " strategy , so that their dreams dashed.

Interpretation of half a century of US-Japan trade friction has proven that China would like to trade in rare earth litigation almost impossible to win . The United States has free trade under the banner name of dumping their products everywhere , then the competitiveness of Japanese companies greatly improved, but cheap products throughout the United States , therefore , the United States lowered the banner of free trade, launched a new fair trade rule , which requires that Japan must limit the number of American exports . With the decline of the U.S. manufacturing sector , the United States brings up the dust for decades patent banner.

Under the banner of protecting intellectual property , huge reparations eventually ruined developed the world 's first autofocus camera Minolta . From the beginning of the 1990s , the United States will be the subject of a year , asked Japan to limit transformation. After all, they can not only rules , but also how they say goes . Therefore, we can argue, but do not imagine this lawsuit can win it back.

However , WTO losing does not mean automatically for China's rare earth resources cheaply massive outflow of green light. We do not tangle in terms of the export quota , can learn from Western countries and the adoption of a strategic resource protection practices, "restrict " to ensure that our interests .

Until the 1980s , the United States has been the world's rare earth big country , with its output accounting for over 50% of global production . But rare is not only a very important strategic resource , is also non-renewable resources , therefore, the United States will soon adjust the strategy and started to protect rare earth resources, essentially stopped its domestic mining. In fact , Western countries do this to protect their own resources are also many examples of these resources to develop our strategic protection measures are a good reference .

Rare earth mining has brought great damage to our environment , we can not allow future generations to bear the consequences of this are now profitable mining of rare earth person must assume responsibility for environmental remediation . Improve rare earth resources tax is an effective measure. In 2011 , China's rare earth resources raised taxes 10 times , improving to 60 yuan per ton .

However , this tax on the daunting environmental governance is concerned , is still a drop in the bucket . In fact, such a tax would have been digested by the rare earth development companies , and did not protect rare earth resources. Therefore, we should depart from the actual environmental governance , a substantial increase in resources tax . Thus , not only can promote the healthy development of rare earth industry , but can also in the export quota measures are not taken , so that foreign buyers also assume corresponding responsibility.

Western countries want is cheap resources, such measures will certainly accusation , but we can improve domestic regulations under the premise of an upright manner to implement such measures. In fact, this is the most effective "restrict " measures. Develop rare mineral resources protection law , the establishment of rare earth reserve system , improve the country 's legal system , which is the approach advocated by Western countries .

In many international affairs , they are often in domestic law as a shield to protect their vital interests . Our eye for an eye person in his body , either to curb the destruction of our environment , and can ensure our precious earth resources will not be a huge loss of cheap , why not it? If this is the case, then WTO lost, something that is not a bad thing turned into a good examples .


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April 21, 2014 market price of rare earth products

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Rare earth prices have weak lower trend continued delay purchasing and storage and other good news , the actual downstream demand is still light, limited procurement. In this context , some upstream suppliers is slightly lower than the market price of shipping , mainstream manufacturers are still held firm based.

Praseodymium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 570,000-580,000 yuan / ton. Neodymium oxide 310,000-320,000 yuan / ton.

Dysprosium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax 165-170 yuan / ton, dysprosium iron mainstream manufacturers tax price 170-175 yuan / ton.

Lanthanum oxide manufacturers tax price 19,000-21,000 yuan / ton. Cerium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 20,000-22,000 yuan / ton.

Neodymium oxide, praseodymium mainstream manufacturers tax price 315,000-325,000 yuan / ton , praseodymium , neodymium metal mainstream manufacturers tax price 410,000-420,000 yuan / ton.

Fluorescent europium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 4,000-4,200 yuan / kg. Terbium oxide phosphor grade mainstream manufacturers tax price 3,000-3,200 yuan / kg.


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At 12:45 on April 16 , hoping Yongxin Rare Earth Aluminum Nampo items a cylinder explosion, after receiving the order , Queensland Fire three squadrons deployed three water tankers , a rescue vehicles and 20 officers and men rush to the scene .

Fire investigation officers found next to the workshop production of rare earth materials is burning furnace section , a number of workers are using sand to be buried combustion . According to the workers introduced them when the job is used cylinders suddenly exploded, and vacated the breakdown of plant roof , workers rushed rushed to hide to safe areas. Subsequently , they found that the production side and began burning stove has flames , he picked up the spade shovel fire and dialed 110 .

After a preliminary understanding of the situation , the squadron commander ordered the guard to the scene . 12:55 , commander arrived at the scene , after communication with the plant technical personnel , raw materials can not be determined on-site combustion watering , so take advantage of the organization squadron officers and soldiers buried in the sand . At present, the cause of the fire is under investigation explosion .


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Recently, the Camellia family Fangcheng formal application using the " Fangcheng Camellia " protection of geographical indications logo. Fangcheng is the birthplace of the earliest Camellia , Camellia needed for growth with shade , hot and humid subtropical monsoon climate, maritime climate and forest ecology. Tea tribe known as the Queen 's " Fangcheng Camellia " was 2011 national geographical indication protection product certification, but due to soil composition reasons, each higher Camellia product " rare earth" content does not meet the relevant standards , that it can not formally apply for the use of geographical indications protection products logo.

Relevant local government departments to carry out the Party's mass line of educational practice , many organizations took the initiative to come to help guide Camellia production enterprises , research to reduce the effective technology products " rare earth" content . Recently, Camellia product processing technology to obtain a major breakthrough , some products have overcome the " rare earth" storm, meet the standard requirements, creating favorable conditions for a formal application for the use of " Fangcheng Camellia " protection of geographical indications logo.


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April 17 , China World Trade Organization (WTO) ruling to the organization identified the Chinese rare earth export management measures violations appeal. Ministry of Commerce spokesman Shen Danyang said China will make every effort to appeal to work , regardless of the outcome of the appeal , Chinese protection of resources , environmental policy objectives will not change . For a long time , a lot of countries to protect local resources and the environment , adopt strategies for rare earth mining without closure , while China has only about three percent of the world's rare earth supply over 90% of the global market . China 's dedication did not give proper thanks to the harvest , but because of restrictions on the export of initiatives to protect the environment by some countries at the WTO report .

Long-term low-cost supply of rare earth

Rare earth resources is a key material in many major weapons systems , its most notable feature is the substantial increase in the quality and the performance of other products , known industry " gold" . According to reports, the rich United States, Europe and other Western countries of rare earth resources, but had to stop mining in favor of a large purchase from China . Japan 's total imports of rare earth only 1 / 3 for the production , and the rest is used as a strategic reserve.

Mining and other countries cherish different sellers, while China has a large number of low-cost supply of rare earths to the world . Data from the Ministry of Industry show that China 's rare earth reserves account for 36 percent of the global supply of it accounted for more than 95 percent worldwide. Disorderly exploitation of long-term , China's environment has been severely damaged , mined forest becomes generally sandy , barren farmland , water pollution , waste slag piles up the mountain . In recent years , the government began to strengthen management , the introduction of the export quota policy .

China 's rare earth export restrictions foreign policy upset a lot of cheap Chinese rare earth enjoy a good day , causing them strong dissatisfaction.

According to reports, as early as March 13, 2012 , the United States , the European Union and Japan to resort to WTO dispute settlement mechanism on China's export restrictions on rare earths , tungsten and molybdenum , March 26 this year , the WTO panel report preliminary ruled that the export control measures Chinese products involved violations. April 8 , the United States further in relation to rare cases appealed.

Unjust double standard

Ignoring the status quo of China resource depletion, environmental destruction , and some Western countries only consider themselves completely easy to use rare earths , this "convenience " includes not only the number of abundant, there are cheap.

Chinese exports of rare earth was cheaper to just 18 yuan per kilogram , while the international market prices as high as $ 1,000 / kg. After the implementation of the quota system , China 's rare earth export volumes and prices are no longer fit the original buyer's appetite.

In fact, export restrictions did not affect the use of the international market demand for rare earth . Statistics show that in 2011 China's rare earth export quotas only took 52.01 percent in 2012 was only 48.75% , while in 2013 the total export quota of 24,000 tons of rare earth , rare earth export quota for the year's actual physical product was only 22,900 tons , did not complete the quota . Experts pointed out that Western countries against China not because buy rare , mainly Xiangui , like low-cost access to resources . However , more exploitation of rare earth resources , the less certainly sell more expensive.

On the rare earths , the Chinese pay much more affected have wronged . Some Western countries have turned a deaf ear to blindly request. Experts point out that , WTO extremely strict export controls on certain countries turn a blind eye , but then China to protect the environment , not against any country and the introduction of control measures sentenced violations. This award is equivalent to force China to abandon export restrictions means opting for a higher cost , less efficient otherwise protect their own resources and the environment.

Protection of the environment continue to defend

Unfavorable ruling, China did not flinch , choose to continue to defend in order to protect their homes. In accordance with WTO rules , the panel report released in 60 days , the parties may appeal .

Shen Danyang , the current case is in the trial stage of the Appellate Body , the Chinese side will make every effort to appeals . No matter how the outcome of the appeal , China to protect resources , environmental policy objectives will not change , it will continue to comply with the WTO rules on ways to strengthen the management of resource products , maintain fair competition.

The industry believes that the panel report is questionable. Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Institute of International Law director Liu Jingdong International Economic analysis , one on export taxes , the Chinese government can take advantage of GATT ( GATT ) Article 20 ( general exception provisions on environmental protection ) to defend . The second is about the Chinese government export restrictions. "Some specific points sweeping , and did not accept China's defense. Not because the Chinese side effect appeared less than expected results in the implementation of the measures , the measures would negate itself . It is also unfair to. " Liu Jingdong said.

China continues to appeal even more important is to limit exports of rare earths , China's environmental protection , but also to protect the world's environment . Meanwhile, the preservation of China's resources , but also for the benefit of the world . Experts point out that if we continue like before , as the uncontrolled exploitation of rare earth , mined some varieties may only enough for 20 years. 20 years later, the depletion of some species of humanity will be a huge damage.


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Rare US trade litigation heating up. April 17 , at a news conference held at the Ministry of Commerce spokesman Shen Danyang said China's decision on cross- appeal , " China's rare earth export policy case" to the WTO Dispute Settlement Body .

Establish a strategic resource management system

Department of Commerce International Trade and Economic Cooperation Research Institute researcher Jinbo Song in the interview with this reporter, said that the Chinese presence in terms of system introduced thorough enough rare earth and other issues, the need for further reforms. China as the world's largest trading nation , should establish a positive image for the maintenance of international rules , international responsibility to maintain a clear understanding , in accordance with international rules . Based on our current urgent need to establish a national security , economic security, rare earth and other " strategic resource management system ," and this must be an international rule , largely in line with WTO rules system .

Jinbo Song explained the " strategic resource management system ." This is a set including export controls, strategic resource archiving , enterprise centralized mining, smelting , refining , industrial development and manufacture of high-tech materials to build sales market order and establish a global trading center market , denominated in RMB and a 24-hour spot and futures transaction and fulfill the highest administrative examination and approval procedures , international partners distinction hierarchy . Establish and improve this system , not only can protect and make good use of our precious resources , the development of domestic high-tech materials industry , important for the future development of China's military and civilian industries leave some leeway , you can establish with the United States , Japan, Europe and so on and so on , flexible, differentiated partnership. Jinbo Song made ​​the remarks in an interview to comment on China's rare earth litigation .

China trade, " far" and "near "

Rare lawsuit hustle for a long time , losing to China 's ended. World Trade Organization (WTO) announced March 26 panel report , ruled that China's rare earth export tariffs , tungsten, molybdenum related products taken quota management measures violate WTO regulations. Coincidentally, three months ago , just in 2013 of $ 4.16 trillion of total imports and exports of goods achievements won the title of world trade superpower . Between a happy one sad , get a glimpse of China in the field of trade and the world stage "near " and "far ."

As a budding global trading power , China's influence is growing in the international arena . However, as a 13-year WTO accession emerging developing countries , the international trade arena rules of the game , yet familiar to the ease of the point .

Under normal circumstances , our media will be interpreted as a strategic resource of rare earth . Indeed, such a definition is not accurate.

Jinbo Song suggested " strategic resource " It can be concluded that while China has the world's scarce relative , absolute advantage resource reserves , and can be difficult to replace dual-use rare earth resources and other mineral resources. To meet the definition of resources should be included in the " list of strategic resource management ," in line with international rules establishing strategic resource management system , the implementation of special management .

In Jinbo Song seems to be widely used rare earth laser , solar power, electric cars , smart phones, and weapons manufacturing . Currently, China is the world's largest rare earth refining , processing and exporting countries . China rightfully should stick WTO commitments , adhere to WTO rules . There are exceptions to the WTO principle of security , leading the United States pursuant to the Convention signed the Wassenaar participating countries to implement export controls on China openly , explicitly prohibits exports to China . China may also be granted pursuant to the national implementation of the Wassenaar Convention, such as the United States, Japan and other countries to implement export control regime. " Unfortunately, we do not improve this system. Another example is the U.S. strategy for archiving can be implemented , the strategy of course also be archived on the implementation of strategic resources . " Jinbo Song said .

For our April 17 cross- appeal to the WTO Dispute Settlement Body, Jinbo Song analysts believe that China's application for the second trial , the second trial on the conclusion does not rule out some adjustments.

" cards " need to comply with international rules

Jinbo Song stressed that the domestic rare earth industry needs to clear three principles , in accordance with international rules , " the cards ."

First, a clear ownership of resources . All foreign mineral resources are privately owned , the ownership of clarity . However , China's resource ownership is not clear , it should be clear ownership and exploitation rights and free enterprise resource holder the right to actively implement the principle of freedom of trade and investment with the relevant WTO rules .

The second is a strategic resource archive . Should learn to act in accordance with international rules . The United States currently no taxes on exports of rare earths , and we should not be taxed on the export of rare earths , the U.S. imposed sequestration strategy , we can implement strategies archived.

Third, the security principles . There are national security , economic security concept internationally. WTO believes that security policy is the exception. This principle is also applicable to China . China should set up a bill in view of national security , export controls on dual-use items . Wherever possible for resources , exports of military technology , including some of the rare earths can be used for military , our country can justifiably prohibit exports.

Jinbo Song said the world's rare earth trade 80-90% rely on China , so China should actively seek the right to speak Rare transaction . He also suggested that , first , the rare earth resources through fair trade , concentrated in a small number of enterprises ; Second, the Stock Exchange , the implementation of spot and futures trading 24 hours , the world contribute to the development of free trade ; Third , you can also consider using RMB, to promote cross-border trade in RMB .

" However , to achieve international discourse rare earth and other strategic resources transactions, the need to develop a set of supporting the program , which is not easy. " Jinbo Song says.


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Flashing ceramics are a class of high-energy rays or particles to achieve UV - visible conversion of functional materials , medical imaging, security checks , oil and gas exploration, industrial inspection , and high-energy physics and other fields have a wide range of applications . CT is one of the largest application direction flashing ceramics , modern medical diagnosis as an important means of medical imaging plays an integral role in the diagnosis of cancer , cardiovascular , neurological , orthopedic and many other diseases on . The rare quality of CT imaging , detection efficiency and sensitivity of the detector performance by using direct flash ceramic decision.

Chinese Academy of Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and optoelectronic materials and devices in the researcher江浩川team and the leadership of Jiang Jun , following the 2013 CT flashing around the ceramic nanopowders high sintering activity to optimize the design and preparation of the bulk of the breakthrough (J . Am. Ceram. Soc., 2013, 96 (10), 3038-3041), a low-cost high-performance rare earth flashes in recent industrialization of key technologies in the field of ceramic has achieved a major breakthrough , the successful implementation of large-size ceramic (60 mm × 140 mm) as well as the preparation of stable and controllable precision machining precision detection array. Meanwhile, verified by characterizing the United States, the Czech Republic and other countries and a number of authoritative research and testing organization , the key performance indicators of the team prepared ceramics such as light output , decay time , anti- radiation damage , such as with the international advanced level afterglow gem flashes body similar or better. These new breakthroughs in key technologies will further promote the CT technology provides a solid protection and technical support with the flashing ceramic industry.

Currently, around -related technology has been declared national invention patents 8 ; part of basic research results have been published (IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 2014, 61, 301-305; IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 2014, 61, 306-311).

The study was planned in Ningbo materials personnel , Ningbo City, 3315 and other funds to support the innovation flagship team .


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April 17 , China World Trade Organization (WTO) ruling to the organization identified the Chinese rare earth export management measures violations appeal. Ministry of Commerce spokesman Shen Danyang said China will make every effort to appeal to work , regardless of the outcome of the appeal , Chinese protection of resources , environmental policy objectives will not change . For a long time , a lot of countries to protect local resources and the environment , adopt strategies for rare earth mining without closure , while China has only about three percent of the world's rare earth supply over 90% of the global market . China 's dedication did not give proper thanks to the harvest , but because of restrictions on the export of initiatives to protect the environment by some countries at the WTO report .

Long-term low-cost supply of rare earth

Rare earth resources is a key material in many major weapons systems , its most notable feature is the substantial increase in the quality and the performance of other products , known industry " gold" . According to reports, the rich United States, Europe and other Western countries of rare earth resources, but had to stop mining in favor of a large purchase from China . Japan 's total imports of rare earth only 1 / 3 for the production , and the rest is used as a strategic reserve.

Mining and other countries cherish different sellers, while China has a large number of low-cost supply of rare earths to the world . Data from the Ministry of Industry show that China 's rare earth reserves account for 36 percent of the global supply of it accounted for more than 95 percent worldwide. Disorderly exploitation of long-term , China's environment has been severely damaged , mined forest becomes generally sandy , barren farmland , water pollution , waste slag piles up the mountain . In recent years , the government began to strengthen management , the introduction of the export quota policy .

China 's rare earth export restrictions foreign policy upset a lot of cheap Chinese rare earth enjoy a good day , causing them strong dissatisfaction.

According to reports, as early as March 13, 2012 , the United States , the European Union and Japan to resort to WTO dispute settlement mechanism on China's export restrictions on rare earths , tungsten and molybdenum , March 26 this year , the WTO panel report preliminary ruled that the export control measures Chinese products involved violations. April 8 , the United States further in relation to rare cases appealed.

Unjust double standard

Ignoring the status quo of China resource depletion, environmental destruction , and some Western countries only consider themselves completely easy to use rare earths , this "convenience " includes not only the number of abundant, there are cheap.

Chinese exports of rare earth was cheaper to just 18 yuan per kilogram , while the international market prices as high as $ 1,000 / kg. After the implementation of the quota system , China 's rare earth export volumes and prices are no longer fit the original buyer's appetite.

In fact, export restrictions did not affect the use of the international market demand for rare earth . Statistics show that in 2011 China's rare earth export quotas only took 52.01 percent in 2012 was only 48.75% , while in 2013 the total export quota of 24,000 tons of rare earth , rare earth export quota for the year's actual physical product was only 22,900 tons , did not complete the quota . Experts pointed out that Western countries against China not because buy rare , mainly Xiangui , like low-cost access to resources . However , more exploitation of rare earth resources , the less certainly sell more expensive.

On the rare earths , the Chinese pay much more affected have wronged . Some Western countries have turned a deaf ear to blindly request. Experts point out that , WTO extremely strict export controls on certain countries turn a blind eye , but then China to protect the environment , not against any country and the introduction of control measures sentenced violations. This award is equivalent to force China to abandon export restrictions means opting for a higher cost , less efficient otherwise protect their own resources and the environment.

Protection of the environment continue to defend

Unfavorable ruling, China did not flinch , choose to continue to defend in order to protect their homes. In accordance with WTO rules , the panel report released in 60 days , the parties may appeal .

Shen Danyang , the current case is in the trial stage of the Appellate Body , the Chinese side will make every effort to appeals . No matter how the outcome of the appeal , China to protect resources , environmental policy objectives will not change , it will continue to comply with the WTO rules on ways to strengthen the management of resource products , maintain fair competition.

The industry believes that the panel report is questionable. Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Institute of International Law director Liu Jingdong International Economic analysis , one on export taxes , the Chinese government can take advantage of GATT ( GATT ) Article 20 ( general exception provisions on environmental protection ) to defend . The second is about the Chinese government export restrictions. "Some specific points sweeping , and did not accept China's defense. Not because the Chinese side effect appeared less than expected results in the implementation of the measures , the measures would negate itself . It is also unfair to. " Liu Jingdong said.

China continues to appeal even more important is to limit exports of rare earths , China's environmental protection , but also to protect the world's environment . Meanwhile, the preservation of China's resources , but also for the benefit of the world . Experts point out that if we continue like before , as the uncontrolled exploitation of rare earth , mined some varieties may only enough for 20 years. 20 years later, the depletion of some species of humanity will be a huge damage.


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Rare mainstream market prices continue steady upstream Shouchu mainstream manufacturers because the message has not yet been unwilling cheap shipping , but also because the downstream purchaser demand for light rare purchase , inquiry -based. Supply and demand sides continued stalemate , the rare earth market in short term is difficult to change, but do not rule out some low-cost low-cost shipping companies supplement market .

Dysprosium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax 165-175 yuan / ton, dysprosium iron mainstream manufacturers tax price 170-180 yuan / ton.

Praseodymium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 570,000-580,000 yuan / ton. Neodymium oxide 315,000-325,000 yuan / ton.

Lanthanum oxide manufacturers tax price 21,000-22,000 yuan / ton. Cerium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 21,000-22,000 yuan / ton.

Neodymium oxide, praseodymium mainstream manufacturers tax price 315,000-325,000 yuan / ton , praseodymium , neodymium metal mainstream manufacturers tax price 410,000-420,000 yuan / ton.

Fluorescent europium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 4,000-4,200 yuan / kg. Terbium oxide phosphor grade mainstream manufacturers tax price 3,000-3,200 yuan / kg.


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