Rare is called "industrial vitamins' extensive use in military, electronics and other industries, is an important strategic mineral resources. As the rare earth mining operation is simple, low cost, resulting in excessive exploitation of rare earth enterprises, indiscriminate deforestation seriously, with backward production technology, inadequate facilities and lack of environmental management and ecological restoration of environmental protection facilities, water and soil caused a very major environmental pollution.

During the extraction of rare earths, rare earth on the one hand the formation of sulfuric acid and ammonium hydroxide in the soil, and then after precipitation of oxalic acid or ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate or rare earth oxalate into a rare earth, which is substantially completed from mining to Take mine the whole process is left in the soil sulfate and ammonium ion - the main component of fertilizer, but if the concentration is too high, the plant's roots will be burned. On the other hand, the remaining tailings still contain many heavy metals, along with erosion into surface and groundwater, seriously affecting the drinking water sources of local residents and agricultural irrigation water.

According to the environmental protection department estimates, the rare earth industry each year produces tailings amounted to thousands of tons of pollutants which have exceeded ten times the national emission standards.

According to the topography factor contaminated areas (ground slope, soil thickness, soil material composition, irrigation), soil physical properties (density, dispersion coefficient, the initial infiltration rate, porosity), soil chemical properties (pH, water-soluble calcium content, NPK content), biological factors (activity, total microbial respiration) and other indicators to determine the main limiting factor affecting soil remediation and restoration of vegetation in the area. Combined with local climatic conditions and domestic and foreign soil remediation of pollution control technology and other relevant information to determine the content of the works and the general idea.

First, select Survey conducted soil pollution monitoring, and land formation on the basis of the monitoring results of the investigation on the one hand, to select a different method of heavy metal enrichment plant species and soil heavy metal pollution control to carry out the work, on the other hand to select different soil remediation agents Governance restoration of contaminated soils. Implementation steps are divided into: the status of soil survey, soil sampling and analysis, soil environmental assessment, restoration design, restoration program implementation.

In recent years, concerns about soil pollution prevention rare earth mine continues to heat up, some of the first real efforts have been made to the region. National ministries are actively filling policy gaps, technology, policies and regulations, a number of pollution prevention and control, is expected to be introduced in the near future. We can say that the rare earth mine soil remediation will face challenges and better opportunities for development.


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Rare is called "industrial vitamins' extensive use in military, electronics and other industries, is an important strategic mineral resources. As the rare earth mining operation is simple, low cost, resulting in excessive exploitation of rare earth enterprises, indiscriminate deforestation seriously, with backward production technology, inadequate facilities and lack of environmental management and ecological restoration of environmental protection facilities, water and soil caused a very major environmental pollution.

During the extraction of rare earths, rare earth on the one hand the formation of sulfuric acid and ammonium hydroxide in the soil, and then after precipitation of oxalic acid or ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate or rare earth oxalate into a rare earth, which is substantially completed from mining to Take mine the whole process is left in the soil sulfate and ammonium ion - the main component of fertilizer, but if the concentration is too high, the plant's roots will be burned. On the other hand, the remaining tailings still contain many heavy metals, along with erosion into surface and groundwater, seriously affecting the drinking water sources of local residents and agricultural irrigation water.

According to the environmental protection department estimates, the rare earth industry each year produces tailings amounted to thousands of tons of pollutants which have exceeded ten times the national emission standards.

According to the topography factor contaminated areas (ground slope, soil thickness, soil material composition, irrigation), soil physical properties (density, dispersion coefficient, the initial infiltration rate, porosity), soil chemical properties (pH, water-soluble calcium content, NPK content), biological factors (activity, total microbial respiration) and other indicators to determine the main limiting factor affecting soil remediation and restoration of vegetation in the area. Combined with local climatic conditions and domestic and foreign soil remediation of pollution control technology and other relevant information to determine the content of the works and the general idea.

First, select Survey conducted soil pollution monitoring, and land formation on the basis of the monitoring results of the investigation on the one hand, to select a different method of heavy metal enrichment plant species and soil heavy metal pollution control to carry out the work, on the other hand to select different soil remediation agents Governance restoration of contaminated soils. Implementation steps are divided into: the status of soil survey, soil sampling and analysis, soil environmental assessment, restoration design, restoration program implementation.

In recent years, concerns about soil pollution prevention rare earth mine continues to heat up, some of the first real efforts have been made to the region. National ministries are actively filling policy gaps, technology, policies and regulations, a number of pollution prevention and control, is expected to be introduced in the near future. We can say that the rare earth mine soil remediation will face challenges and better opportunities for development.


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According to Chinese Customs surveillance, in March 2014 China exported 2,671 tons of rare earth, the amount of 219.79 million yuan. Statistics from January to March 2014, China's exports of rare earth 7,174 tons, an increase of 83.2%; the amount of 584.16 million yuan, down 0.1%.


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According to reports, the Brazilian mining company in Sierra Verdi in the middle of working on the development of its low-grade heavy rare earth mine in Brazil , the project plans to start in 2017 .

Brazilian mining company 's parent Sierra Verdi Brazilian mining company CEO Sprecher said recently ,2008- 2009 global economic downturn and the introduction of China cuts rare earth export quota policy to make the world into a so-called & ldquo in the interview ; rare earth crisis " panic , which have launched a number of rare earth development projects. However, due to oversupply in the market , very few of these projects have substantial progress in terms of production, the current supply of rare earth materials West is still largely dependent on Chinese production . Macroeconomic environment and a good incentive to heavy rare earth supply gap is growing outside of China , the company's heavy rare earths project or the West will become a guarantee of long-term sources of supply of heavy rare earths , stable and sustainable flagship project .

He said , "We have ionic rare earth mining project in southern China with a number of ion ore mined similar advantages , mining, processing technology is simple , easy operation, low capital intensive degree , so regardless of China 's rare earth exports happen in the future changes in our product in the rare earth market could remain relatively stable prices . According to industry experts predict that by grade resources decline , rising costs of more stringent environmental regulations as a result of regulation , to combat the black market and the impact of factors such as increased domestic demand , China will soon become a net importer of heavy rare earth elements . "

Sprecher believes that Brazil can use a simple rare earth ore trucks - shovel open pit mining methods , using a solvent of low-cost production of rare earth concentrates, and therefore lower production costs ; Meanwhile , water, electricity and transportation and other supporting infrastructure near the project site . The combination of these favorable factors , coupled with the increased demand for rare earths , the project has the potential to challenge China in the future dominant position in the supply of heavy rare earth materials .

Canadian National Mineral Resource estimate based on rating agencies to cut-off grade of rare earth oxide 0.10% (REO) estimates that the project's resource of 4.12 million tonnes at 0.16% ; includes cut-off grade of zero if the place , the total amount of resources 931 million tons at a grade of 0.12%.

Sprecher said, compared with hard rock mining, the project may be low grade , but low mining costs , simple and tight separation of heavy rare earth distribution can compensate for their low-grade high disadvantage .

It is reported that the company plans to produce the first batch of mixed rare earth concentrates in 2017. 2019 , the year of rare earth separation capacity of 5,000 tons in 2024 to expand to 10,000 tons / year.

The project feasibility study is currently underway in the mining and wet pilot production is expected to complete the feasibility study in the second quarter of this year. Bank feasibility analysis completed by 2015


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This rare earth market continues steady , despite purchasing and storage support, but deserted market inquiry , demand for light , volume is still no improvement , according to the situation of rare earth outlook uncertain , market supply and demand both wait and see.

Dysprosium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax 165-175 yuan / ton, dysprosium iron mainstream manufacturers tax price 170-180 yuan / ton.

Praseodymium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 570,000-580,000 yuan / ton. Neodymium oxide 315,000-325,000 yuan / ton.

Lanthanum oxide manufacturers tax price 21,000-22,000 yuan / ton. Cerium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 21,000-22,000 yuan / ton.

Neodymium oxide, praseodymium mainstream manufacturers tax price 315,000-325,000 yuan / ton , praseodymium , neodymium metal mainstream manufacturers tax price 410,000-420,000 yuan / ton.

Fluorescent europium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 4,000-4,200 yuan / kg. Terbium oxide phosphor grade mainstream manufacturers tax price 3,000-3,200 yuan / kg.


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Eurasian Economic Commission website on April 8 hearing, the Eurasian Economic Commission recently made ​​a decision to rare earth metals, scandium and yttrium, and whether or not intermixed or mutual fusion (Zollverein commodity code 2805301000,2805309000) reduced from 5% to zero. Implementation period of May 1, 2014 to April 30, 2015.


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March 26 , World Trade Organization (WTO) announced the United States , European Union, Japan v. China rare earths , tungsten, molybdenum export management measures related to the case of the panel report , ruled that the export control measures Chinese products involved violations. This is China , after " nine kinds of raw materials case" once again lost in the resource trade disputes .

Comments for losing what triggered ?

Not surprisingly , beyond reasonable

WTO to make this decision based on what ? WTO Research Institute of Foreign Trade University Tu Xinquan explains: " According to the WTO rules on export quotas , tariff measures can be taken , but in principle it can limit the number of exports. Chinese think we are to protect the environment and resources, but ruled that the expert group believes that taking the export quota to meet strict conditions: first, is to protect the environment and resources must measure ; Second, while export restrictions should be limited to domestic production and consumption. The Group believes that China does not meet these two conditions . "

For this award, Zhang Anwen , deputy secretary general of China Association for Rare Earth with the " outside expected, makes sense " to evaluate , "WTO ruling is expected for us to do, but we do not lose lose Act reasonable. "

Zhang Anwen gives his reasons: China to account for 23 percent of the world's rare earth reserves , the global supply of more than 90 % of the market demand, and the supply of inexpensive products . However, the rare earth production , especially mining and smelting, to pay a huge environmental cost to the consumer of rare earth bring economic benefits, environmental pollution and ecological destruction has left China , we have done a serious sacrifice and the resulting asymmetry . Department of Commerce had quotas original intention was to protect our natural resources and prevent excessive exports , there are many foreign rare earth resources, but they are not taken possession of , or mining and sell less .

Rare known as " industrial vitamins ," said , its application to high-tech and strategic emerging industries bring great support , downstream of green industries, energy conservation, ecology and environment have great benefit. China is a big country of rare earth , four of resources , production, exports and consumption are highest in the world. Of the mid-1980s after a large number of mining and smelting of rare earth , rare earth industry, though small, but accumulated over the years , environmental pollution and ecological damage is very serious.

" In the South, 92% of the production of one ton of ore , will produce 1,600 tons to 3,000 tons of waste soil waste rock ; production of 10,000 tons of heavy rare earth oxides , 100 square kilometers will cause damage to vegetation . " Zhang Anwen given such a set of data, " In addition, the mountains may also cause soil erosion and landslides , clogged rivers, reservoir siltation ; dressing added ammonium sulfate pollution of surface water and groundwater ; waste of farmland , as well as certain radioactive contamination. "

" Baotou and other cities relatively better light rare earth mining , smelting and mining damage mainly after . Production of one ton of oxide will produce more than twenty thousand cubic meters including SO2, SO3, HF and dust emissions, and about 65 tons of acid , salt , COD and BOD wastewater. " Zhang Anwen said.

China rare earth industry go from here ?

Establish healthy development of energy-saving environmental protection industry

According to the WTO dispute settlement practice, the panel report issued within 60 days of our country can appeal . Industry experts generally believe that , even if the appeal , if there is no strong evidence to overturn a new group of experts concluded , the Appellate Body ruling is likely to remain the expert group to make the final ruling within three to four months. In this case , how to deal with our country ?

Tu Xinquan that " rare case" impact on international trade is not so large , China 's rare earth is not irreplaceable , the importing country can actually find other alternatives . Through the role of the market , the rare earth prices to go up , the price is raised, naturally will lead to the importing countries to choose another alternative, reduce imports of Chinese rare earth.

" China wants to develop more high-tech and advanced manufacturing, downstream industry chain more effective, which is the future direction of development. " Zhang Anwen said," In a nutshell, that is stronger as you want . From big to strong is an inevitable requirement , although it has become our country the world's second largest economy, but not strong enough in many ways , especially in advanced manufacturing . "

It is understood that China's rare earth permanent magnet , glow, catalysis, hydrogen storage production rank first in the world , good quality , to meet the basic domestic needs , but also to have some exports. At present China's rare earth industry chain short board that extends components, parts development and production is relatively backward , many of the key sensors, precision instruments, core components , as well as some of the major key equipment had to rely on imports , resulting in not only accused of being foreign , but also is counter situation. " must pay close attention to manufacturing, electronics, components, parts , otherwise the assembly will always be a big country can not become a manufacturing power , but can not create a great nation. " Zhang Anwen said .

On how to strengthen the management of rare earth exports , Zhang Anwen gives five suggestions : First , strengthen enterprise resource integration , improve the comprehensive utilization of resources , and promote the healthy development of rare earth industry . Second, improve the export value-added products , developed patented technology. Third, the export threshold of at least the national environmental protection requirements , through environmental verification and the Ministry of access, in line with national policies to prevent disorderly excess exports. Fourth, look forward to the formation of a diverse, sustainable international rare earth supply system. Foreign

Dependence on Chinese rare earths produced , will depend on the formation of habits , there will be demanding. If abroad , especially in the heavy rare earth, able to exploit more reliance on Chinese rare earths can be less. Fifth, we should establish a good price formation mechanism, to avoid price roller coaster ups and downs , to be fully considered in the cost of rare earth rare earth environmental management and ecological restoration of basic costs required to form a high and stable price system , and get the price aspects of the right to speak .

"In addition, China express their views to be more in the international arena , to make the international community aware of the efforts made ​​to protect resources and the environment , and actively participate in the development of rules. " Zhang Anwen said," but also attach importance to the role of industry associations and other civil society organizations to price stability , control the volume, and strengthen self-discipline and explore new export management, participation in international trade litigation disputes play an active effect. "

" Rare is the Chinese , but also the world. China has made ​​efforts to protect resources and the ecological fully reflects the WTO about the people, resources , and environmental development requirements of China will continue its efforts in this regard , we are still a long way. " Zhang Anwen said .


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Rare earth market , praseodymium , neodymium , dysprosium products prices upward trend evident since this week , traders reluctant to sell their doctrinal bullish sentiment , the market price of neodymium oxide, praseodymium today continued steadily, suppliers of short-term outlook remains bullish . Relative last Friday , praseodymium , neodymium metal prices this week, the overall upward around 10,000 yuan / ton, the current suppliers were generally traded price of at least 420,000 yuan / ton. Market price of neodymium oxide, praseodymium last weekend raised relative 1-1.5 yuan / ton, the market reflects the situation today integrated neodymium oxide, praseodymium quoted in 330,000 yuan / ton, but there are businesses that do not rule would continue to raise five thousand dollars / ton may . With the increase in raw material neodymium , praseodymium , neodymium rough quote processing plants have different amplitude increases , according to a factory in Guangdong , said block and cylinder N35 now rough prices were raised 10,000 yuan / ton.

Dysprosium products this week, dysprosium oxide and dysprosium iron with ticket prices continued rising trend , the range of 50,000 yuan / ton or slightly higher , dysprosium prices relatively stable. Today, dysprosium oxide suppliers continue to raise shipping prices reflect the 20,000 yuan / ton , the mainstream market prices 172-175 yuan / ton, steady dysprosium iron market today with a vote of 2-3 million price or slightly raised , comprehensive reference price 178-180 yuan / ton. Despite the price increase oxides and alloys , and metal dysprosium manufacturers said the current market price did not rise sharply , the current price is still 2.3 million yuan / ton.

Baotou Rare Earth Stock Exchange this week quoted prices overall cerium, europium, neodymium , praseodymium oxides three significant rise last week , especially europium, praseodymium , neodymium oxide prices up by a big margin , as of 14:00 today europium oxide Price Show 4586 yuan / kg , praseodymium , neodymium 353.6 yuan / kg. Friday, nearly two times increase in oxides of rare earth ore prices listed on the market have a certain role in supporting and pushing up close to the weekend , Ganzhou region has also raised supplier quotes europium oxide to 4200 yuan / kg , terbium oxide is currently traded not the amount , price quotes suppliers do not quote or slightly increase. Shen grass currently on the market price of praseodymium oxide is relatively stable or raised 10,000 / tonne yesterday .


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After more than a year of trial and error , the Baotou Rare Earth Research Institute has successfully developed a non-toxic, environmentally friendly, and good long-term stability of the new rare earth PVC stabilizer. Currently in the test line is under construction , is expected to put into production that year .

At present , the domestic PVC production enterprises mainly use lead salt , stearic acid metal, organic tin stabilizers , among the most widely used lead salt stabilizer , but there are hazards such stabilizers environmental safety issues. Rare PVC stabilizer has a clear advantage in overall performance and cost , and environmental protection. The hospital engineer Zhang Xi introduced , accounting for 3.5% PVC stabilizer weight , and now the national production of 13 million tons per year PVC , and is still rising year by year , the imminent implementation of a comprehensive ban on the use of lead stabilizers on the urgent need of environmental protection , and efficient , cheap alternative. In addition, the main component of the rare earth lanthanum cerium stabilizer element content of about 10% , PVC terms of annual output 13 million tons per year to use 40,000 tons of elements lanthanum , cerium , which for digestion Baiyunebo lanthanum cerium element has surplus significance.


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According to reports, Atomic Energy of Kazakhstan uranium production company as a state-owned enterprise intends to produce rare earth, rare earth ore and may consider buying from overseas. This incentive is to stimulate the rise in rare earth prices.

Kazakhstan has abundant natural resources , five times the size of France , and a population of only 17 million , the country eager to have a share in the business to make money in a similar rare .

"As for the rare earth , we are looking to get the issue tantalum and niobium ore from Africa, we are considering various regions of proved reserves ," Atomic Energy company responsible Vladimir Shkolnik said , and declined to provide further details.

He said the company is also considering the purchase of Atomic Energy of domestic rare earth ore development permit , "The market is huge, from Japan to Europe and Russia ."


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