Ganzhou Research Institute in Beijing to strengthen the hand of rare earth industry

Ganzhou City People's Government and the Beijing Nonferrous Metal Research Institute in Ganzhou signed a strategic cooperation framework agreement. Provincial Committee and Party Secretary Shi Wenqing attended the ceremony. Mayor cold newborn , Beijing Nonferrous Metal Research Institute president Zhang Shaoming representing the two sides signed. Beijing Nonferrous Metal Research Institute Vice President Zhang Shirong , city leaders Guang-Hua Zhou , Liu Jianping attend.

Under the agreement, Beijing Nonferrous Metal Research Institute will strengthen the city in the rare earths and tungsten resources and related industries technology upgrades , non-ferrous metals to create a state-level analysis and testing sub-centers , power battery R & D and industrialization of scientific and technological research results and other personnel support pragmatic cooperation, enhance the city's rare earths , tungsten industry level ; city will actively implement the agreement , to provide efficient services for the Beijing Nonferrous Metal Research Institute , efforts to achieve mutual benefit and win-win . The two sides will play their respective advantages , and strive to achieve the depth of integration of technology and resources to accelerate the integration of industry development , leading the drive rapid economic and social development of Ganzhou .

It is understood that Beijing Nonferrous Metal Research Institute of Nonferrous Metals Industry is a comprehensive research and development institutions , China's nonferrous metals industry is a major innovation base key and common technologies , undertake a number of national key research projects and national strategic emerging industries development projects, in particular by providing a large number of new materials, new processes, new technology and new equipment for the country 's manned space engineering major and lunar exploration projects, as China's nonferrous metals industry and national defense construction provides a strong scientific and technological support .


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China Rare Earth stomach you can fill the West

Over the years , the United States , Japan and other Western countries purchased from China Rare Earth , except for the production , but also a lot of accumulation in the national repository for future use.

China does not seek to restrict the export of rare earth , but to observe both to meet the reasonable needs of the international market for rare earths , but also a win-win strategy to protect the country's environment and resources . Of course, if Western countries are not imported from China to meet the demand of rare earth -based, but in the main strategic reserves , then we can fill their appetite?

July 14 , the Chinese Ministry of Commerce announced the second batch of rare earth export quotas for this year's general trade totaled 1.5738 million tons of exports , compared with the same period of 2010 quotas almost doubled , and the total rare earth export quota for 2011 and 2010 have been in the case of the flat.

However , this flat with last year's rare earth export quotas, still caused dissatisfaction in Western countries. 14, in addition to the EU negotiators sent to China on exports of rare earths outside pressure to the Chinese government , its trade spokesman John ? Clancy said that China 's very disappointing that decision , the EU will continue to urge China to reconsider its terms export control policies to ensure that EU businesses access to adequate, fair , predictable and non-discriminatory supply of rare earths and other raw materials .


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China low-priced exports of rare earth 10 years billions of dollars of foreign exchange losses

"After all, there is a corresponding WTO rules , including quotas and tariff setting , although we have been in the effort , the complainant , but impossible to escape the rules of the framework , the result can be said to be expected "

Has been for about two years China Rare international litigation , in the spring of 2014 with the verdict : World Trade Organization (WTO) panel report announced that the export tariffs on China for rare earths , tungsten, molybdenum related products taken in violation of the quota management measures the relevant provisions of the WTO. In other words, China can not continue to manage the use of quotas for exports of rare earth .

This result seems to be difficult to foresee . In early 2012, WTO found on the release of the report , Chinese export restrictions nine kinds of raw materials , to provide protection for domestic manufacturers. The reporting requirements for China to reduce export tariffs lifted export quotas .

Although there are 60 days of the complaint , but many accept the " Oriental Outlook Weekly " interview, the industry believes that , under WTO rules China established comeback very difficult.

Some believe that a rare earth litigation with the U.S. and Europe failed to control the development of the relevant WTO rules , it is actually a concrete manifestation of the U.S. and Europe through the control of the WTO on China resources plundered .

However , " we ourselves should be more reflection. " Secretary-General of Chinese Society of Rare Earths Lin Dong Lu told the reporter, to seriously consider how well the organization's rules limiting .

In a certain period of time , the ruling would obviously have an impact China's rare earth industry , " but in the long run, this effect will soon be over. We should strengthen basic research , major breakthroughs in key technologies, development and application of downstream industries , the use of resources for technology to change the situation . Only then can we talk about rare power to change from passive to active. " Chinese Society of Rare Earths , Deputy Secretary-General Zhang Anwen told correspondents.

Earlier promise

The so-called rare earths international litigation , is the United States , European Union, Japan v. China rare earths , tungsten, molybdenum related products export management measures do not conform to WTO rules and commitments on when China joined the WTO .

China believes that relevant Chinese measures to comply with the WTO "sustainable development" purposes, and the earth as a non-renewable mineral resources , are exhaustible natural resources that can be invoked in 1994 , " GATT " Section 20 bar , to "protect exhaustible natural resources " reasons to restrict exports .

When China joined the WTO, there are 84 tariff increase tariffs. However, in the rare earth, tungsten , molybdenum, three resources , only the heading of a tariff increase range are tungsten , rare earths , molybdenum not in this range.

The so-called tariff , it simply is directory , customs handling import and export goods , according to the tariff tariffs .

Zhang Anwen said , I believe that this 84 year tariff has been determined after a thorough discussion and tough bargaining, " the WTO itself is a very difficult negotiation . WTO should say something to talk about when there allow , is guaranteed , there is slow , some concessions must be made ​​concessions that adhere to never give in , give up some buffer time . "he explained," a dozen years ago to join the WTO negotiations could then our understanding of rare earths does not now so high. "

Therefore, for the rare-earth litigation fails, "After all, there is a corresponding WTO rules , including quotas and tariff setting , although we have been in the effort , in the complaint , but impossible to escape the framework of the rules , so the results can be expected to say in the the . " Lin Dong Lu told the publication .

China 's rare earth reserves by 23 percent , providing more than 90% of the global market supply situation, from the 1980s, it has been going on for nearly 30 years. "So long supply , in terms of some of the developed countries , has been the norm , and formed a dependency. They feel that they should supply them , without considering the devastating impact on our environment. " Zhang Anwen example, heavy rare earth mine in the south , one ton of rare earth ore mined would produce 1,600 tons to 3,000 tons of waste soil waste rock . In the production of one ton of rare earth oxides in Baotou , will produce 30,000 cubic meters gas .

In fact , the United States , Canada and other developed countries have very rich reserves. Prior to the 1980s , these countries are also the supply of rare earth exports. But with the increasing volume of Chinese exports of rare earths , they began to adopt or not adopt without possession to sell . Earlier also an important producer of rare earths United States, 1997 shut down the local 's largest rare earth mine in Mountain Pass mine , rare earth changed cheaper imports from China .

According to the statistics , from 1979 to 1986 rare earth export price was 7-9 U.S. dollars per kilogram ; 1987-1991 years 9.5 to 13.5 U.S. dollars per kilogram ; 1992-2001 , the price dropped to 9-11 U.S. dollars per kilogram ; 2002-2005 years , the price dropped to $ 5.5 per kilogram even .

Guangxian Chinese Academy of Sciences has said that from 1995 to 2005 10 years, because low-priced exports of rare earth , causing China's foreign exchange losses of up to several billions of dollars.

Since 2003 , China began to implement a quota system for rare earths , rare earths by 2005 to further cancellation of export tax rebates , export quotas compressed list of enterprises . Since 2007, China has implemented a mandatory plan for rare earth production , reducing exports of rare earths .

Meanwhile, China 's accession to WTO negotiations in progress , a focus that is lifting barriers on imported products , foreign products in order to achieve fair competition in the Chinese market. After that, as an incentive or a means of suppressing domestic production capacity , China has taken to raise or lower the export tax approach , and take some special products export quota system .

This means that some of the products in the domestic market price is lower than the price in the international market . A similar case is that in June 2009 , the United States , the European Union filed a complaint application to the WTO , said China has adopted export quotas on bauxite, phosphorus and zinc were nine kinds of raw materials, contrary to its WTO accession commitments when . These measures lead to other countries at a disadvantage in the steel , chemical products production and exports , while China -related companies were given an unfair advantage in the competition.

年初2012, WTO released a report finds that China restricts exports of nine kinds of raw materials , to provide protection for domestic manufacturers , and asked China to reduce export tariffs lifted export quotas , obligations stipulated in the WTO .

WTO rules

Although Chinese exports of rare earth , but these low-priced exports of rare earths , in a foreign country after processing, often several times or even hundred times the price and then sold to China .

"We sell things , has always been a low-priced to sell, and buy something , it becomes a high-priced . " Zhang Anwen said , on the one hand to get a high consumer of rare earths benefit our earth, on the other hand give us the legacy of environmental pollution and ecological damage is difficult to recover.

1994 " GATT " Article 20 : If a resource for its members , or that a certain kind of resource exports over , bring their own resources depleted or cause serious environmental pollution, the member is entitled to this resource production, sales , exports take appropriate export controls and export restrictions . And the WTO panel 's ruling that the evidence does not constitute a reason for China to restrict exports .

In a quota , while China take measures to limit the type and amount of mineral smelting , as part of a comprehensive treatment of the rare earths . During this period, China's domestic demand for rare earth consumption is declining , and more emphasis on the efficient use of resources.

Zhang Anwen said that these are clearly beneficial to the environment , it is not any evidence , " we get a quota threshold for the enterprise , the first one is environmental standards , it is a good quality of exports, while the former quota setting , some of the non-compliance products will be exported. "

He suggested that in the future should continue to strengthen the management of the upstream industry , collect resources tax , the establishment of sewage charges , restrictions from the source of production. In addition, to strengthen the management of export enterprises , the industry 's self- importance , the role of industry associations .

In addition, Zhang Anwen recommended strict export barriers to entry , and managed through strict environmental standards , improve resource utilization and other means , to achieve effective management of the industry .

"A lot of times we are being cheap exports , indicating that although we are supply power, but the lack of the right to speak , including in the country, to form a reasonable price mechanism to maintain high and stable rare earth prices , stabilize the most important. " Zhang Anwen said that to establish new export management, must not occur again in the past that " cabbage price . "

Combating the illegal exploitation of focus should be to sink

As early as 1998, China began to implement a system for licensing the export quota of rare earth products , and the inclusion of rare earth materials processing trade ban catalog .

At the same time , by rectifying the order of the rare earth mine , the development of industry access policy, vigorously promote the rare earth industry consolidation and a series of measures , the domestic rare earth prices have been rising .

In 2011, the Ministry of Finance , State Administration of Taxation has issued a notice , decided to adjust the rare earth ores uniform resource tax standards since April of that year . Adjusted ton of rare earth resources tax increase several times over , which soon caused dissatisfaction rare large market demand in countries such as the U.S. , Japan and Europe .

" We can say that the resource tax regulation is still relatively limited. " Deputy Secretary-General Chen Zhanheng told the Chinese Rare Earth Society , resource tax rise, to some extent, to stimulate certain areas of the South indiscriminate Luancai phenomenon , so it has a greater profit margins than the rare formal channels .

" We have to adapt to WTO rules , while avoiding disadvantages , but also make good use of those rules. " Lin Dong Lu told the publication , later to communicate in the framework of the WTO, to strengthen self-discipline, a consensus to achieve environmental protection, rational development and utilization of resources.

For the rare earth industry indiscriminate Luancai circumstances, Lin Dong Lu believes that although there has been a relatively sound legal regulations, but there are many shortcomings in the implementation and supervision levels , " the fight against illegal poaching phenomenon, environmental protection , public security , and there are also mine management , multiple focal points , the intensity of execution, enforcement and punishment mechanism , there are many problems. "

Prior to resort to some places linkage enforcement , the responsibility of local executive leadership , and achieved certain results . But some local officials , who colluded with the illegal mining , "There are some things beyond the reach of the province , management should focus on in the city below the county level . " Zhang Anwen said that if the center of gravity, layers of responsible management in place, strict punishment , not the non- governance.

High-end applications are short board

Zhang Anwen said that in rare earth mining , smelting and separation of rare earth functional materials research and development, China 's technology has been greatly improved. However , the use of rare earths in the downstream areas , especially the core technology components and other high-end products and product development , is still short board , " the state should improve top-level design , good institutional arrangements and strengthening policy, and funding support, encouragement enterprises as the main body, the development of rare earth parts, components technologies, to achieve mass production , to achieve the transformation and upgrading of the rare earth industry , the rare earth resources [ 0.14% ] into economic advantages , the transition from a big country to the rare earth rare earth power. "

In 2011, the State Council issued the " State Council on promoting the sustainable and healthy development of rare earth industry ," clearly required to crack down on illegal mining prospecting and mining and ultra indicators and propose a comprehensive clean-up of rare earth prospecting and mining rights , improve mining barriers to entry.

An anonymous experts interviewed said the magazine actually already should have a new entry companies , "said the one hand, restrictions , on the other hand is still access . Mine in Inner Mongolia have been opened, Jiangxi has also been opened, the heavy rare earth and light rare earth have been covered, the rest of the resources and reserves should be retained , but the status quo is all opened, the conditions of the dig , do not have conditions are digging . "

In addition, the Chinese rare earth enterprises too , is not conducive to the effective use of WTO rules. It is understood that China is now about seven eighty rare earth enterprises , while Western countries generally only seventy-eight . In addition , rare earth enterprises in Western countries generally meticulous division of labor , strictly take the difference of the road, but the actual situation in China is large and comprehensive, industry convergence , which is obviously not conducive to high-end direction.

The experts say that China has a vast territory , but how to take into consideration and the most efficient use of these resources , the management department was not sufficient to consider " ( the WTO ruling ) we excuse, of course, to actively defend , but more importantly, we should analyze our own shortcomings behind closed doors . "


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Rare regulation coupled with tax code resources will increase

Recently , much attention rare earth rare earth industry resource tax will be raised the issue has been placed in the top of the agenda. It is reported that the State Administration of Taxation , the Ministry of Finance and other ministries, is working to further increase brewing rare earth resources tax, a substantial increase of rare earth resources tax may be levied in the existing standards , based on the specific proportion is still under discussion .

Ministry Secretary had said Chen Yanhai raw materials , resources and the environment will increase taxes , tax reform resource management , rational management of rare earth resources and environmental costs , reasonable price formation mechanism , increase local revenues, promote ecological and environmental resources governance . Later on resource tax problem rarely mentioned. Until this year , industry analysts pointed out that the reason why at this point in time re talking about resource tax problems may be due to the export of rare earth WTO in litigation .

While increasing tax purposes in order to protect rare earth resources industry and rare earth prices have been obvious, but if it improves the rare earth resource tax, whether you can really boost rare earth prices? Currently the industry is still divided.

In this regard , the view that the resource tax will help improve rare earth prices , and effectively protect the regular export of rare earth enterprises , but also with a view to improve the rare earth resource tax, from the other side will stimulate further the prevalence of smuggling .

"Improving the rare earth resources tax appears to be a good means , but still can not help but have a " headache medicine head , feet hurt the disease "feeling. Yes, the resource tax is raised, the cost go up , the price of the product should theoretically also been a corresponding increase. But the key is to improve the resource tax rate specific proportions , the other is that the tax enforcement resources to those who are able to cover small and medium rare earth enterprises . In addition, the smuggling of rare earth rare earth prices have been a major reason for suppression only be adjusted from the tax , and can not be locked into the smuggling problem, if control is lax , the cost increase is likely to exacerbate the scale smuggling of rare earth . So, I think if the government wants to protect the enterprise should not only proceed from the tax should also be fit to combat smuggling operations from two aspects to protect China's rare earth resources. " insiders said .

From the business point of view the number of rare , only a few large formal businesses , there are still a large number of informal SMEs on the market although the state to encourage large enterprises to small and medium rare earth enterprises to integrate , but under their own reasons, many large companies are reluctant to integrate these SMEs , the reason is no profit. Large Rare executives had told reporters bluntly , "Integrating they carry a burden on our own ," this kind of thinking also led to China's rare earth , " scattered, chaotic " phenomenon, aggravated disorderly SMEs mining and smuggling prevalent.

In this regard, insiders said , just to improve the resource tax point of view, the government is only a means to coordinate the fight against smuggling , to better purification of China's rare earth industry , and long-term price of rare earth holds the right to speak .


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This week a variety of rare earth products prices

After watching last week's steady , rare earth suppliers quote signs began to appear obvious downside since this week , especially praseodymium , neodymium , dysprosium, gadolinium products prices fell more obvious , lanthanum, cerium , europium, terbium , neodymium , erbium , also varying the amplitude of the downside.

Lanthanum, cerium , erbium, neodymium oxide prices fell slightly , europium , terbium oxide , although not market fell sharply , but buyers quoted lower the weight , if any, Ganzhou europium , terbium supply now, some customers said terbium oxide only to the purchase price of 3,000 yuan / kg, while there is no such sources can supply low , so the transaction is more difficult to reach , and some businesses europium oxide market further low-cost shipping , the price is lower than the mainstream 50-100 yuan / kg , there are still many businesses offer in 3800-3900 yuan / kg.

Praseodymium neodymium products this week, prices fell in the range of about 5 1000 -1 yuan / ton. Currently comprehensive market feedback, praseodymium , neodymium metal with votes in 41-41.5 yuan / ton, neodymium oxide, praseodymium from last week's 32.5-33 yuan / ton down to about 32 yuan / ton. Without a ticket price declines are 2-3 thousand dollars / ton. Dysprosium products prices significantly down, and now prices have generally fallen dysprosia 162-163 yuan / ton. Today Bo suppliers dysprosium oxide prices dropped significantly , as of 13:30 : dysprosium oxide with a ticket price 1650 yuan / kg , but not with votes in the 1410 yuan / kg. Gadolinium products this week, according to Fu Bao understood Monday that some suppliers cut prices , and some are adjusted twice a week , now some low supply on the market continues to pull down the market price . Circumstances merchant feedback , and now on the market gadolinium oxide 145,000 yuan / ton low-cost supply has emerged.


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Rare case of waiting for the results of the Sino-US WTO

It is reported that some time ago the dispute between China and the United States in the case of rare earths , China appealed again , and then identify if any of WTO organization practices and WTO rules do not comply , then this would mean that from 1998 onwards the implementation of China's rare earth exports system will be forced to end. This is China 's lost , it may cause a chain reaction .

Rare WTO dispute against China triggered a chain reaction.

March 26 , World Trade Organization (WTO) ruled that China's export management measures rare earth, tungsten, molybdenum related products violations. Less than a month , on April 17 , China had submitted relevant documents to appeal WTO Appellate Body , the WTO panel ruling to overturn part of the report . But before China , the United States was first appeal on April 8 .

This rare trade dispute "tug of war " you come back to me is the game of interest between countries . Accompanying , of rare earth export quota system implemented since 1998 or will be forced to end the rare earth industry will also face a series of policy adjustments .

Concerned about the transfer of mineral rights and mineral rights transactions .

Within one month of Sino-US cross- appeal.

March 26 , WTO announced the United States, European Union, Japan v. China rare earths , tungsten, molybdenum export management measures related to the case of the panel report : China's ruling export management products involved violations. May 9 , " China Economic Weekly" reporter learned from the Ministry of Commerce , China, as the responding party to the WTO 's Appellate Body has (Appellate Body) submitted the appeal papers on April 17 . Interestingly, the appeal before China , the United States was on its complaint Chinese rare earths, tungsten, molybdenum WTO Dispute related export management measures , the WTO Appellate Body first proposed the appeal on April 8 .

United States filed an appeal before the Chinese catch appeal , this unconventional approach in China Rare Earth Industry Association Deputy Secretary-General Chen Zhanheng appears that the United States was convinced that China will probably only appeal ahead of an appeal. " According to U.S. media reports, they will follow if China Appeals to appeal . Doing nothing more than to Dingsi the case , is to make China the abolition of quotas and export tariffs on certain rare earths . "

Rare has " industrial vitamins " reputation, 17 kinds of rare earth elements are usually divided into two groups of light rare earths and heavy rare earth , rare earth elements is very different from the price difference between the price of a tonne tens of thousands to millions of dollars. Today, high-tech industry as an essential raw material , has become an extremely important strategic resource. This is why many countries and regions the United States, Europe, Japan and other so concerned about the problem of rare earth export quotas and tariffs of the important reasons.

It is learned that the appeal documents submitted by the Chinese side is mainly for WTO panel report more than 170 passages raised objections that the report misinterpreted the WTO rules and China's WTO accession documents, and then asked the Appellate Body rejected the panel report concerning China's " export quotas "illegal and so ruled .


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Currently the cost of rare earth separation products appear upside down

Because of the current market for rare earths serious excess capacity , black chain repeated, downstream industries demand weakened , the vast majority of rare earth product prices remain low , thinly traded. Separation costs which products appear upside down , in addition to the price of individual species praseodymium oxide, praseodymium , neodymium and other relatively strong, most of the rare earth oxide prices fell last year .

Wood Yi Zhang made ​​the remarks in a jurisdiction listed Hainan held the 22nd annual results 2013 online collective briefing , he believes the rare earth industry is facing very severe form of management , but in view of the country 's rare earth industry consolidation to continue to strengthen over the long term rare earth industry is still a good prospect.

It shows that the recent stock market as a whole is relatively stable rare earth weak turnover , upstream businesses shipped more downstream receiving significantly less disk capacity , most businesses wait and see outlook .


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May 23, 2014 Price of rare earth products

May 23, 2014 Price of rare earth products

Name Specifications Origin / Mark Reference Price Average Change
Rare earth carbonate REO 42.0-45.0% Domestic 24000-25000 yuan / ton 24500 0
Lanthanum oxide La2O3/TREO 99.5-99.9% Domestic 18500-19500 yuan / ton 19000 0
Cerium oxide CeO2/TREO 99.5-99.9% Domestic 19500-20500 yuan / ton 20000 0
Praseodymium oxide Pr6O11/TREO 99.0-99.9% Domestic 570000-580000 yuan / ton 575000 0
Neodymium oxide Nd2O3/TREO 99.0-99.9% Domestic 320000-330000 yuan / ton 322500 0
Samarium oxide Sm2O3/TREO 99.5-99.9% Domestic 17500-18500 yuan / ton 18000 0
Europium oxide Eu2O3/TREO 99.95-99.99% Domestic 3800-4000 yuan / kg 3900 0
Gadolinium oxide Gd2O3/TREO 99.5-99.9% Domestic 145000-150000 yuan / ton 147500 0
Terbium oxide Tb4O7/TREO 99.95-99.99% Domestic 3000-3200 yuan / kg 3100 0
Dysprosium oxide Dy2O3/TREO 99.5-99.9% Domestic 1600-1650 yuan / kg 1625 -25
Erbium oxide Er2O3/TREO 99.5-99.9% Domestic 320000-330000 yuan / ton 325000 0
Yttria Y2O3/TREO 99.995-99.999% Domestic 49000-51000 yuan / ton 50000 0
Praseodymium , neodymium oxide (Nd2O3 + Pr6O11) / TREO ≥ 75.0% Domestic 325000-335000 yuan / ton 327500 0
Metal lanthanum La / TREM ≥ 99.0% Domestic 45000-50000 yuan / ton 47500 0
Metal cerium Ce / TREM ≥ 99.0% Domestic 56000-58000 yuan / ton 57000 0
Metal Pr Pr / TREM 96.0-99.0% Domestic 800000-840000 yuan / ton 820000 0
Neodymium Nd / TREM 99.0-99.9% Domestic 410000-420000 yuan / ton 412500 0
Metal terbium Tb / TREM ≥ 99.9% Domestic 4400-4600 yuan / kg 4500 0
Dysprosium Dy / TREM ≥ 99% Domestic 2400-2600 yuan / kg 2500 0
Metal yttrium Y / TREM 99.9-99.95% Domestic 270-290 yuan / kg 280 0
Lanthanum cerium metal Ce / TREM ≥ 65.0% TREM ≥ 98.5% Domestic 38000-40000 yuan / ton 39000 0
Praseodymium neodymium metal Pr / TREM 20-25% Nd / TREM 75-80% TREM ≥ 98.5% Domestic 410000-420000 yuan / ton 415000 0
Praseodymium , neodymium and dysprosium metal TREM ≥ 99.0% Domestic 420000-430000 yuan / ton 425000 0
Battery grade mixed rare earth TREM ≥ 99.0% Nd / TREM ≥ 15% Domestic 135000-145000 yuan / ton 140000 0
Dy alloy Dy80% Domestic 1650000-1700000 yuan / ton 1675000 -50000



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Rare pollution transfer of clean energy

WTO announced the United States, European Union, Japan v. China rare earths , tungsten, molybdenum export management measures related to the case of the panel report , and ruled that China's export restrictions imposed in violation of free trade regulations.

The latest ruling means not only to discuss China since 2005 to implement the rare earth export quota system will face an end , but also triggered a series of issues surrounding rare earths . Regardless of the United States , European Union, Japan, in the case of rare earth export restrictions by limiting the supply of rare earth in China in exchange for other diplomatic achievements , or manipulate international prices of rare earth accusations are true , the domestic rare earth buyers will indeed because of reduced exports of rare earths benefit . In other words, because of the rare earth forced "to export domestic ", the domestic supply increases , prices remain low , resulting in the loss of natural resources caused by over-exploitation , calculate its cost of production in the downstream equipment manufacturers when ignored. While those using rare earth clean energy technologies such as permanent magnet direct drive wind turbines , new energy vehicles , energy storage , and even the promotion of energy-saving LED light bulbs are also worthy of further investigation .

According to the State Council in 2012 released " China 's rare earth situation and policy " white paper , China 's rare earth reserves account for about 23% of the world's total reserves. According to Bloomberg New Energy Finance statistics, China in 2013 to provide 120,000 tons of the world's rare earths . Which is mainly used for the number of new energy technologies to reach 30,000 tons .

Wind power on a global scale is regarded as the most mature , but also the lowest cost of electricity generation clean energy technologies. According to the Global Wind Energy Association statistics , in 2013 , global wind power capacity reached 35 GW , which uses the number of permanent-magnet direct-drive wind turbine technology accounted for 25 %, about 4500 units. Each permanent magnet direct drive motors main material NdFeB (NdFdB-Neodymium Iron Boron) requires one ton . From 2014 onwards, the annual global demand for wind power development of rare earth , permanent magnet direct drive wind turbine capacity according to forecasts , will be close to 6,000 tons.

Clean energy demand for rare earths in the same car can not be ignored. In the world of electric car batteries are widely used nickel metal hydride (NiMH - Nickel Metal Hydride, mainly used in hybrid cars ) and adding lithium iron rare earth (Lithium-ion, mainly used in hybrid and pure electric car ) two battery . Take the 2013 global sales of new energy vehicles ( including hybrid and pure electric vehicles ) to calculate the total rare earth use is more than 2000 tons . In addition , the same use of rare earth lithium batteries as the energy storage device , and a fluorescent element LED bulbs used in rare earth mining demand will also increase each year.

Since the implementation of China's rare earth export quotas , foreign enterprises to ensure that his country needs new energy technologies of rare earth , have set up a joint venture in China , together with the exploitation of domestic enterprises , including the United States mining group Molycorp. The rapid development of clean energy to reduce local pollution, but the pollution - excessive exploitation of rare earth remain in the country .

In addition , the domestic in the past five to 10 years time to accelerate the development and utilization of new energy technologies , electric vehicles and battery energy storage development and promotion has not stopped, but are built on the basis of price competition . The average selling price of the domestic wind turbine prices below the international average of 15% to 20 % of domestic electric cars more than 50% of the price even lower than the international level . Able to obtain a price advantage on the premise that the cost advantage , especially the transfer of pollution cost advantage.

In fact China's rare earth export restrictions policy shift from simple production processes . 2012 began to include more competent departments of Commerce, Ministry of Environmental Protection , the Ministry of Industry , etc. are involved in the regulation of rare earth mining and processing order. But so far low inefficient disorderly exploitation of rare earth continues, the individual provinces mined several times more than the approved amount of the reality still exists, causing severe environmental damage.

In order to achieve the goal of reducing air pollution , clean energy can not unilaterally increase the installed capacity from the start, or focus only on the quantity of crude oil has been replaced , but the need to increase R & D investment , particularly from improved resource utilization and resource recycling .


Rare Earth Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.chinatungsten.com
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Baotou Rare Earth Project Construction And Other Key Industries

 
 

Iron and steel industry projects 24 , 12 projects have been started or restarted , 1- April totaled 3.95 billion yuan in fixed assets investment , accounting for 31.2% of the industrial city of Baotou key projects to complete the amount of investment in fixed assets .

18 colored industrial projects , 10 projects have been started or restarted , 1- April totaled 760 million yuan in fixed assets investment , accounting Baotou key industrial projects completed investment in fixed assets of 6.0 %.

Equipment manufacturing industry projects 34 , 20 projects have been started or restarted , 1-4 months total fixed assets investment of 1.78 billion yuan, accounting for 14.0% of Baotou City Industrial key projects to complete the amount of investment in fixed assets .

New materials and rare earth industry projects 14 , nine projects have been started or restarted , 1- April totaled 770 million yuan in fixed assets investment , accounting for 6.1% of Baotou City Industrial key projects to complete the amount of investment in fixed assets .

Energy industry projects 51 ( including scenery, natural gas and other new energy projects 38 ) , 24 projects have been started or restarted , 1-4 months total investment in fixed assets 35.2 yuan , accounting for key projects in Baotou City Industrial amount of investment in fixed assets 27.8 %.

12 energy-saving industrial projects , 10 projects have been started or restarted , 1- April totaled 680 million yuan in fixed assets investment , accounting for 5.4% of Baotou City Industrial key projects to complete the amount of investment in fixed assets .

Building material industrial projects nine , six projects have been started or restarted , 1- April totaled 140 million yuan in fixed assets investment , accounting Baotou key industrial projects completed investment in fixed assets of 1.1%.

Chemical Industry Project 8 , two projects have been started or restarted , 1- April totaled 100 million yuan in fixed assets investment , accounting for 0.8% of Baotou City Industrial key projects to complete the amount of investment in fixed assets .

11 light industrial projects have been started or restarted the project six 1- April totaled 540 million yuan in fixed assets investment , accounting for 4.2% of Baotou City Industrial key projects to complete the amount of investment in fixed assets .

14 other industrial projects , projects have been started or restarted on April 9 , 1- investment in fixed assets totaled 440 million yuan, accounting for 3.5% of Baotou City Industrial key projects to complete the amount of investment in fixed assets .


Rare Earth Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.chinatungsten.com
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com
Tungsten & Molybdenum Information Bank: http://i.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, 3G Version: http://3g.chinatungsten.com
Molybdenum News & Molybdenum Price: http://news.molybdenum.com.cn

 
 

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