Tungsten Market: ‘Winter is Coming’

With the finish of hot American TV Series <Game of Thrones> Season 6, ‘the winter is really coming’ after all these 6 seasons. All of us have an expectation for who will finally reign the seven kingdoms and let’s wait and see what will happen in Season 7 in 2017.

Coincidentally, tungsten market has entered the traditional slack season in July and August with the break of European & American countries. That’s why we say that ‘winter is coming’.

National tungsten market has been settled in an awkard situation for a long time. Not only for the decreased demand, but also the uncertainty sentiment of market participants. The summer break of European and American countries will absolutely have negative influence on the tungsten market. However, price of tungsten shall never fall to such a low level. After all, the value of tungsten is far from this. In October, 2015, national tungsten products price slacked to the bottom since 2004. All the special factors brew and cause the result. People would reckon that will tungsten price falls again to the bottom of last year?

Tungsten Concentrate Price Trend

Since May, 2016, price of APT falls down for 30 thousand RMB/ton since it increases about 130 thousand RMB/ton, which has been just a month. It that were not enough, tungsten slack season is coming which results in delay of recovery. Price of APT has been below 100 thousand RMB/ton, will it be below 90 thousand/ton? Since the winter is already coming, we should focus on how to stay warm and struggle through this period instead of talking about the temperature.

APT Price Trend

Tungsten powder purchase amount has shown the backdrop, as well as tungsten carbide products. Although the market is depressed, the falling and increasing of price has its own sequence. All of us should have a rational reflection on this serious situation. The falling of price is not necessarily a good thing, it would be best chance for regular customers to purchase some stock. There may be downtick anytime due to special reasons of funds, stock, product and customer. Manufacturer should have the theory of always keep the quality of products. Customer service and comprehensive strength are the key points in such depressed market.

Let’s keep enthusiastic attitude to stay optimistic for the ‘winter’ of tungsten market in such hot hot summer.

Natural Gas May Be Chinese First Choice of Energy Transformation, WO3 Denitration Catalyst Controls NOx

On the activity of "G20 Gas Day" which held on June 29th, the experts pointed out that, compared to other fossil fuels, natural gas has the advantages of low pollution, low emission; while the utilization of natural gas is relatively flexible, and can compensate for the disadvantages of the unstable state of renewable energy, therefore, in the process of Chinese restructuring and optimization of energy, natural gas will be the first choice of transitional energy.
 
However, while natural gas is considered as a clean fuel, it does not mean that it will not pollute the environment, at the same time, it also increases the total emissions of nitrogen oxides; especially within the family use, the flue gas directly emissions have brought some pressure to the environment protection. Combustion products of natural gas are NOx (the complete combustion product is: nitrogen dioxide; incomplete combustion product is: NO), water, carbon dioxide (incomplete combustion product is: carbon monoxide) and so on, or may contain sulfur dioxide and other toxic substances, which mainly depends on the composition of natural gas. Therefore, the denitration project of combustion exhaust gas of natural gas is very necessary.

denitration catalyst and natural gas pipeline
 
TiO2-WO3-V2O5 ceramic honeycomb denitration catalyst is a typical SCR catalyst, is the core of the SCR denitration system in industrial, its efficient and reliable operation determines the denitration efficiency. In the component of WO3denitration catalyst, the titanium dioxide plays the carrier role for loading active substance, which accounting for about 85% of the total catalyst mass; vanadium pentoxide is the main active substance, accounting for about 7%; WO3as catalyst promoter, takes an amount of about 10%, which primarily plays the role of anti-sulfide, poisoning resistance, and while increasing the temperature adaptability and thermal stability, thus to avoid the occurrence of the carrier being sintered and deactivation under a high temperatures in a short time.
 
Further Reading:
Natural gas means any gas naturally existing in nature, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere gas and lithosphere which is formed by natural processes (including oil, gas field, mud volcanoes, coal bed methane and biogenesis and other gases). The natural gas which people usually says is the narrow definition from the energy point of view, it refers to the mixture gas which natural reserves in the formation of a of hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon, and mostly hidden in underground porous rock formations, and considered as the high-quality fuels and chemical raw materials.

 

Tungsten Trioxide Applicable In New Water Electrolyzing Catalyst

Recently, the Chinese Academy of Physical and Chemical Research Institute has successfully synthesized a highly efficient water electrolyzing catalyst to achieve high efficiency at a low voltage of activating water molecules, and offered the potential for solving the future energy crisis. Hydrogen is considered as the best source of energy, unlike the other new energy sources, like solar, nuclear, ocean, biomass and geothermal energy and so on, it belongs to the energy of energetic body which is available direct combustion. Among the hydrogen production technologies, the way of solar water photolysis or photo-assisted electrolysis of water is one of the most promising and efficient pathway, which is depending on the semiconductor electrode, and moreover, the water electrolyzing catalyst can greatly improve the efficiency of water electrolysis hydrogen.

tungsten trioxide and water
 
Zhang Rui, one of the researchers led his team carried out a in-depth study on the nanostructure of "Hydrotalcite (LDH)" clay mineral, through precise regulation of the hydrotalcite precursor morphology, and synthesized the ultra-thin and ultra-small heterogeneous nanostructures of NiO / TiO2by calcination under a high temperature. Studies have shown that this structure exhibited a superior catalytic performance in terms of electro-catalytic decomposition for generating hydrogen and oxygen. At the same time, studies have shown that the catalyst synthesis method is simple, and used the abundant nature of non-precious metal as the raw material, the obtained product of ultra-thin and ultra-small material of NiO / TiO2has the application value in the respects of electro-catalytic decomposition of water, capacitors ect.; also, it is applicable to other metal oxides (such as tungsten trioxide) to prepare the nanosheets electro-catalyst.
 
Tungsten (W) , an element of the transition metal in ⅥB family; tungsten trioxide is an important oxide in the tungsten metallurgical industry, which has semiconductor property; because of its catalytic property, it is commonly used in the preparation of the denitration, hydrodesulfurization, photocatalyst and other catalysts. Study on catalyst of titanium dioxide has been more than 40 years, while the international research on tungsten trioxide applied on the photocatalyst, water electrolysis catalyst is just in the early phase, we believe that in the near future, researchers will slowly open the mystery of tungsten trioxide in this regard applications.

 

Tungsten Market (Tungsten Heater) is in An Embarrassing Situation

tungsten heaterThe current domestic tungsten market is in a very embarrassing situation. It not only because “less demand”, but also due to the “unsafe” hearts of market participants. 

Summer adjournment of Europe and other countries in July and August would cause some negative impact on the market. However, the main reason of the low price of tungsten products (tungsten heater) is not for it. Domestic tungsten prices would not fall so low, after all, value of tungsten products is so much more. The end of October 2015, the domestic tungsten products has been reduced to the limit since 2004. For example, APT, since the highest price point in May, decreasing amplitude of APT price is nearly 30,000 RMB / ton, which within just over a month. Off-season of tungsten market is coming, so opportunity for turning around of the market will be delayed. At present APT prices have fallen below 100,000 RMB / ton. 

If there is no intervention and bailout of policy, the market in July and August will continue to be in a bleak. 

Enterprises must be prepared for the winter. The safest methods are to lock orders and to lock the materials, if there is no order, it is better to for the time for the market. What’s more, tungsten enterprises can give proper care for old customers of the price, of course, there is no need to make allowance without any principle, or it would make both enterprises and the entire industry be in the illusion for quoting the fake price. People should hold the rational view for the low price rumors of the market. When prices do fall too fast, people should make a choice: to abandon or to do a longer stockpile preparation. Operation of manufacturers also need to integrate into the concept of “fast, and spirit, accurate,” trade-oriented enterprises, product quality is the most important in any time.

New Rare Earth Industry Standard was Issued, Promoting the Healthy and Stable Development of Tungsten Market (Tungsten Heater)

It is reported that in accordance with relevant state laws and regulations, industry policies and standards, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China has issued “Rare Earth Industry Norm Conditions (2016 version)” and “Rare Earth Industry Norm Conditions Bulletin Management Approach” in order to protect China's rare earth resources and the ecological environment  and regulate tungsten market (tungsten heater) management promoting adjustment of industrial structure and transformation of economic and promoting the healthy and stable development of tungsten market (tungsten heater).

tungsten heaterThere are a series of new regulations for the supervision and management in Chapter III.

Article IX indicates that rare earth enterprises who want to apply standardized conditions announcements should truthfully fill in any application materials. List of rare earth enterprises which enter the announcement should strictly follow the requirements of production and business activities of "standard".
Announcement enterprises should establish production and management accounting, accept supervision and inspection of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China, local people's governments at all levels and the rare earth industry department.
Article X: Provincical (autonomous regions and municipalities) People's Government and the rare earth industry department would work with relevant departments to supervise and test for the "standard conditions" of announcement enterprises, report the result of the supervision and inspection to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China timely.
Article XI: welcome and encourage social supervision. Any unit or individual can make a complaint or report to the competent department of the rare earth industry if found the related rare earth enterprises do not meet the relevant requirements of "standard conditions".

The new "standard conditions" have carried out detailed provisions for various aspects of the establishment and layout, production scale, resource utilization and other rare earth projects.

Environmental Policy and Brexit Affected Tungsten Market

tungsten rods

In late June, Chinese announced the "National Catalogue of Hazardous Wastes" 2016 edition. The catalogue noted the tungsten slag which produced for ammonium paratungstate alkaline decomposition process and molybdenum slag which produced form molybdenum removal process and waste water are included in the non-ferrous metal smelting waste, belong to toxic smelting waste. But other tungsten products smelting slag has not yet been included in the catalogue.

In June 29, 2016, Ganzhou Tungsten Industry Association held a meeting with APT smelting enterprises directors. This meeting fully analyzed the impact of this environmental policy on APT smelting enterprises and discussed the appropriate response options. This environmental policy will begin on August 1 and for APT smelting enterprises still have one month grace period. The relevant manufacturers can find a way to solve the difficulties and problems. It is said environmental policy will not great influence on the smelting factory, mainly because tungsten market is now at a low season, having low operating rates, so the prices continued to slight decline and tungsten raw material and tungsten finished manufacturers enthusiasm is not high.

Brexit resulting pound continues to fall, the euro against the dollar also fell more than three percent, while the swiss franc and the Japanese yen has been skyrocketing. Brexit direct affects the global currency market. In order to stabilize the economy, many countries have begun to currency intervention. Europe As a cross-border export electricity supplier important market, is now in the economy shocks and the pound and the euro will likely continued to depreciate, which to some extent, in favor of tungsten market import, such as imports of tungsten related equipment. But in this economic situation will reduce the profits of business, which is not conducive to exports. The official pointed out, the current China logistics companies which employ cross-border e-commence in EU usually through the UK into the EU, therefore the British leaved form Europe have a certain impact on China-EU cross-border logistics service providers. Brexit will make the global economy in long grace period, so countries should make corresponding measures to stabilize their economies.

Coal Market Warmed in June, Tungsten Trioxide Denitration Catalyst Assists Ultra Low Emission

denitration catalyst and coalThis year, both the coal supply and demand maintained low, because of the coal mine production by the upstream, downstream and macroeconomic impact of limited production, energy conservation and other factors,. The first half of June, south of China is in a time of the rainy season, residents used the less amount of electricity, plus the power transmission from west to East increased and the abundant hydropower and other factors, the number of shipping of the coal plants have been suppressed. However, as temperature rise, the stuffy weather come into being, the loading of air-conditioning cooling has been increased, the public electricity surge, and also brought an increase in the amount of coal. June, coal prices rose slightly by 10 yuan (RMB)/ton, the media reported, in July, the coal prices will rise by 10~15 yuan (RMB)/ ton.
 
With the increase of the amount of coal, it will inevitably lead to the increase in the number of coal-fired of the coal companies, under the situation of “Ultra-Low Emission”, coal plants are supposed to have a better treatment for the coal fired exhaust gas, to install or improve the exhaust gas desulfurization and denitration process. Ultra-low emissions generally refers specifically to coal-fired boilers in thermal power plants using a variety of contaminant removal effective coordination system integration technology in the process of generating electricity, the ending treatment and other processes, thus to make the emission concentration of dust, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, etc. are in compliance with emission requirements .
 
In all denitration projects, SCR technology is considered to be the most mature, with the most stable performance, the best denitration efficiency. Denitration catalyst refers to Power Plant SCR (selective catalytic reduction) catalyst on the NOx removal system, to promote the material and selectively reducing nitrogen oxides in the flue gas occurs at a certain temperature chemical reaction. Currently, the commonly used denitration catalyst contains the ingredient of tungsten trioxide (WO3) or [molybdenum trioxide (MoO3)], and its content is generally about 10% of the total catalyst mass; tungsten trioxide can play an anti-sulfide, poisoning resistance and other auxiliary roles; also, it can increase the temperature adaptability of titanium dioxide, the thermal stability of the carrier, playing the role of anti carrier sintering.

 

Interpret "National Catalogue of Hazardous Wastes", Regenerate WO3 Waste Denitration Catalyst

regenerate waste denitration catalystRecently, China has revised and promulgated the "National Catalogue of Hazardous Wastes" (version 2016), and will be taken effect on August 1st, 2016. In this revising, the 49 major categories 400 kinds of hazardous wastes of the 2008 edition of was adjusted to 46 major categories 479 kinds (362 kinds from the original catalogue, and 117 kinds added); wherein the primary organic solvents waste, waste halogenated organic solvents and waste organic solvent are combined into the waste organic solvents and waste solvent-containing, and removed the containing polychlorinated furans waste and containing polychlorinated dioxins, while increased the waste category of waste catalyst at the same time.
 
With the deeply controlling of Chinese air pollution, the using amount of the catalyst which is the core of SCR denitration system will be more and more, and that means more waste catalyst will be created. The current approach to handle the waste denitration catalyst is usually the landfill, incineration, recycling treatment; the recycling treatment can divided into directly regeneration and comprehensive recovery; directly regeneration will be able to save a lot of money for the company, because the total cost of the catalyst takes about 30% of the whole investment of denitration system. SCR DeNOx catalyst usually takes titanium dioxide as the carrier, vanadium pentoxide as the main active material, tungsten trioxide (WO3) as the co-catalyst which plays the roles of sulfur poisoning, anti-sintering of carrier ect.. Because vanadium pentoxide is a highly toxic substance, if it is discharged directly into the environment, it will bring a huge threat to the environmental protection, and also may cause damage to human bodies and animals; therefore, it is imperative for its regeneration and recycling.
 
The regeneration methods of WO3 waste denitration catalyst ate the online regeneration and plant regeneration, on-site regeneration is now not advocated, due to secondary pollution caused, and the not enough professional of the on-site personnel; and the plant regeneration is a regenerated way which promoted more, because the activity of the renew waste WO3 denitration catalyst can be greatly, and furthermore, with the more perfect of the entire treatment process, it will cause no secondary pollution.

 

Illegal Dumping Jailed in Yunnan, WO3 Photocatalyst Degrades Landfill Leachate

Not long ago, the first case of illegal dumping of landfill leachate and caused environmental pollution of Yunnan which has caused much concern has been adjudged; the defendant because of surrender and pleaded guilty with a good attitude, has jailed for 2 years and will respite for 2 years, also he was imposed a fine of 20,000 and do some service as a environment volunteer. It is reported that this case is because the defendant privately dumped his transportation of 29 cars which totaled 568.34 tons of pollutants into the environment, under the case of known the heavy metals, organic compounds should be transported to a special institution for professional treatment, and thus caused serious pollution to the surrounding environment. In this regard, the court verdict this case based on the principle of "spoiler repairs, polluter controls".

tungsten trioxide and landfill leachate
 
Landfill leachate is the high concentration of organic or inorganic ingredients liquid which generates from the landfill garbage piling up in the biochemical degradation process due to compaction, fermentation, etc., while in precipitation and groundwater seepage produces liquid comprising. In the biological pretreatment process, titanium dioxide photocatalyst has been used in the degradation of landfill leachate, and the experiments showed that this is a successful method for cleaning leachate. In addition, the experimental has derived the factors which influence photocatalytic oxidation process of landfill leachate, they are photocatalyst dosage, pH value, light intensity, illumination time and oxygen content dissolved in the water ect..
 
Tungsten trioxide (WO3), a yellow powder, the large number of it is used for the production of metal tungsten; in addition, WO3 has the property of semiconductor, with the band gap of 2.4eV ~ 2.8eV. WO3 as a photocatalyst can response to visible light, thus to fully use the solar energy, instead of relying on the ultraviolet light, such as titanium dioxide. Photocatalytic activity is a common decision of the ability of absorbing light, charge separation and the transferring efficiency to the substrate. WO3 has a wider spectral response capability, to this point of view, it should have a stronger catalytic oxidation than titanium dioxide, and can be used for landfill leachate degradation. In addition, studies have shown that yttrium (Y+) doped WO3 photocatalyst can improve the ability to absorb light, thus improve the photocatalytic activity of the system.

 

First "Botanical Garden" Sewage Treatment Plant Settled Shanghai, WO3 Photocatalyst Treats Industrial Waste Water

What is the sewage treatment plant looks like in your mind? Reinforced concrete sedimentation tanks, smelly, dirty, disorderly environment? No! The first "botanical garden" type sewage treatment plant will start to build and put into operation! Recently, it is reported that a "botanical garden" type sewage treatment plant has been built in the coast of Wu Song Shanghai, which introduced more than 3,000 species of plants and microorganisms, such as Datura flowers, Periwinkle, European alder, Canna, and is expected to be operational next year; by then , this botanical garden which uses the food chain reactor sewage treatment technology can not only improve the urban environment, but also can handle more than 40,000 cubic meters of polluted water for the urban residents every day.

nano photocatalyst network and botanical garden sewage treatment plant
 
Wet air oxidation method is proved to be an effective wastewater treatment technology, and already has been used in a large number of organic or polluted water containing toxic chemicals which the conventional biological treatment methods are not very effective; however, the strict reaction conditions cause the very expensive equipment and transportation costs, and therefore this method is rarely used in the treatment of organic industrial waste water. There has been a lot of research work on photocatalysis for the terms of general organic waste water treatment, foreign countries have large-scale photocatalytic degradation of organic wastewater and deeply processing experiments of drinking water, and furthermore Europe has been conducting experiments on photocatalytic purification of the river.
 
Tungsten trioxide (WO3) is the most common form of tungsten oxide, which is produced by controlling the appropriate reaction conditions, has the properties of electrochromic, gas sensitivity, semiconductor and so on. As one of semiconductor photocatalysts, WO3 can be used for the photocatalytic degradation of organic, dye and papermaking waste water; also it can be used to deal with inorganic pollution and inorganic synthesis; at the same time, it also plays an excellent effect on the photocatalytic decomposition of water to produce hydrogen. In addition, WO3photocatalyst plays an effective role in the treatment of organic phosphorus pesticide, dye wool and chlorinated organic compounds waste water ect..

 

 

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