Tungsten Carbide Parts For Aerospace May Be The Next Big Market

Resently, one foreign company raised £1.1mln to fund this push into tungsten carbide parts-related technologies.
The funds were earmarked for the  acquisition of a maker of plastic-moulded products where Versarien will use carbide parts to enhancing an existing range plastic moulded products.
Existing Versarien shareholders Henderson Global Investors and Miton Asset Management both had stakes of more than 10% in the company to be acquired, which makes it a related deal under AIM rules.

Having grown and diversified in recent years from being solely a producer of hard-wearing tungsten carbide parts, used in engineering for extreme environments such as offshore oil and gas installations, the company currently has three units. Hard Wear Products, which has traditionally for aerospace companys.
The thermal division produces disruptive cooling technology (a conductive copper foam) for electronic engineering. Customers include General Motors, Google, and thermal imaging specialist FLIR.
Versarien’s 2 Dimensional Products division, meanwhile, is the source of much recent excitement.

This is the business is focused on the production of the so-called ‘wonder material’ carbide parts. "With the 2 Dimensional Products it was very much an embryonic business when we took it on," someone said.
And they are seen that now become a proper manufacturing method, it has got its patent, and it is approved out in the US.
“They have had some very good enquiries from very large international companies.
“They now need to continue to develop our production capacity, and to really capitalise on our investments in terms of getting commercial traction.”

The 2016 trading year has seen a strong of partnerships for foreign company in areas where tungsten carbide parts can make a significant improvement to an existing product.
In June, it teamed up with highly regarded Airbus supplier CT Engineering to develop a new range of aerospace components using tungsten carbide parts.
A deal with Absolute Engineering will explore novel technologies for the printing industry, including carbide enhanced composites.
Perhaps most high profile deal in May saw it start work with winter sports olympian Kristan Bromley to develop a range of carbide-enhanced skeleton boards for the Winter games in 2018.

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WO3 Reduces Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle Cost

July 26th, reports said that earlier this year, the showed hydrogen fuel cell extended-range electric vehicle of Magna in the Engine Forum which held in Vienna have run on the road in Germany, and it does not rely on fossil fuel power at all, to achieve zero emission. It is reported that the world's most advanced non-nuclear submarines - the German U-series conventional submarine also use hydrogen fuel cell. Compared to pure electric vehicles, hydrogen fuel cells have the advantage of fast hydrogenation like refuel the car, and moreover, the hydrogen is truly environmentally friendly energy, the entire car has realized the four main aims of zero emission, high endurance, fast refueling and four-wheel-drive power system.

tungsten trioxide and hydrogenation of fuel cell vehicle
 
One of the important factors of a new car can be a lot of promotion is the price, which the target price is directly limited by the cost of fuel cell vehicle. The car has complex structure just like the conventional hydrogen fuel cars; however, the actual costs are lower with the fuel cell efficiency reaching to 51%. It is similar to a "hybrid" car, in the moving, the car will first consume the energy in the power battery; when the battery is depleted, the car will automatically switch to the fuel cell mode and trickle charge for the power battery, so as to enhance the number of km endurance .
 
The energy conversion of hydrogen fuel energy into electricity need to be carried out in the role of a catalyst, the former catalysts are always noble metal platinum which can generally be used in the experiment but could not be widely spread because of its high cost. With the ongoing research for new catalyst, the researchers found that tungsten trioxide (WO3) can play a role in hydrogen fuel cells. WO3, the yellow powder, is the most common tungsten oxide, and being a most important intermediate form of tungsten oxide in tungsten metallurgical industry, is also an important transition metal semiconductor material. WO3 has a strong resistance to corrosion, especially suitable for the (hydrogen) fuel cell operating environment; research has shown that the use of WO3 partially replace C as the carrier-supported Pt, the performance of the catalyst can be very good enhanced; and, since WO3 has cooperative catalysis with platinum, the use of precious metals can be reduced, and thus to improve the catalytic activity, also reduce the cost of the catalyst.

 

Xiamen Elevated Cycleway Improves Tungsten Heater Development

One of the most important keys for the development of the city is traffic. If the transportation system has been improved, there will be more and more tourists and investors to Xiamen, such an action would be conducive to the development of tungsten enterprises in Xiamen. If the traffic has been improved, the speed of transportation will speed up, which would save the transit time of tungsten heater, and it would further promote the trade of tungsten heater in Xiamen.

From September 1, 2008, BRT has been put into operation officially. Since BRT established, it is widely welcomed by the public, people said that this mode of transport is both convenient and time saving. However, with the continuous promotion of BRT and the Xiamen growing population, more and more people feel that the BRT is too crowded, it is impossible to get on BRT during the rush hour. So the government has invested a lot of Xiamen public bicycle, which has solved the problem for the traffic to a certain extent to. Coupled with the promotion of green travel, people are wild about cycling, so that there is a new problem. In rush hour, bicycles and other non-motor vehicles swam back and forth in the crowded lane, causing frequent traffic accidents, which also brings trouble to the motor vehicle driver. In order to solve those safety issues, on July 21, Xiamen Municipal Commission of Urban Planning and Xiamen Municipal Gardens Bureau announced the programme the first the full elevated cycleway.

The plan is to build the bike route under BRT from Hong-wen to the Huli high-tech industrial zone, the omnidistance is 7.6 km. Currently, the program is seeking comments. It has an independent right of the route, bike is no longer need to rob the lane. Motor vehicles, electric cars, pedestrians were strictly prohibited. 

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Solar-Driven Organic Synthesis, WO3 Expected to Replace Traditional Thermal Catalytic Technology

After the report of Xiong Yujie ect. of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) designed the tungsten trioxide (WO3) defect state nanostructure, the reports about this great discovery is continued. This defective state of tungsten oxide nanostructures are prepared based on inorganic solid chemistry precise, with a crystal defect engineering, and it exhibits excellent catalytic performance under aerobic coupling a broad spectrum of lighting conditions, and achieves high hopes on the realizing of low energy consumption and cost of organic chemical technology.

tungsten trioxide and defect nanostructure
 
According to the introduction of Xiong Yujie, "This achievement is the result of cross cooperation of multidisciplinary", on the basis of catalyst design has made progress, the research group cooperated with many professors of their university, to clearly describe the oxygen vacancy defect states in overcoming metal tungsten oxide metal atom saturated ligand and a light absorbing narrow margin disadvantage by the theoretical simulation method, thus to in-depth understand its action mechanism. "It is based on this understanding, we are able to regulate through the crystal defect engineering solar energy to chemical energy conversion performance, and offer the possibility for the solar energy to replace the thermal energy organic synthesis, also it has an important role in promoting the light of rational design of catalytic material."
 
Conventional organic synthesis is achieved by relying on thermal catalytic technology, however, that process takes a tremendous amount of heat which often results in high cost, and also causes some pressures to environmental protection. 1983, the realization of the photocatalytic halogenated aromatic carboxyl synthesis reaction started the researching in photocatalysis of organic synthesis. Then, as the photocatalysis in organic synthesis has attracted more and more attention, the application of photocatalytic selective organic synthesis is also carried out in succession. Photocatalytic can cause a lot of attention in organic synthesis will thank to some of its significant potential. WO3 as a semiconductor photocatalyst has caused many concerned because of its mild reaction condition, low energy consumption, less secondary pollution and other advantages. In recent years, the photocatalytic properties of WO3 are in the ongoing research, especially WO3 ultrafine powder has broad prospects in catalytic field. The time, the discovery of defects tungsten trioxide nanostructure has undoubtedly added an important role on the expanding of WO3 in application of photocatalytic.

 

State Council Environmental Inspectors in Ganzhou Stimulates Tungsten Price

Tungsten products completely rose up since last week. It has lasted for over 10 days. Due to the acceptance and drive of tungsten raw material enterprise, jump in tungsten price appears unexpected, especially tungsten concentrate and APT. There are no prompt goods in the market at present. Quotation of APT is in a chaos due to the lack of tungsten concentrate and disorder of market.

The price of tungsten concentrate is approximately 70,000.00RMB/ton, APT is 110,000.00RMB/ton. However, small deal under high price is not representative, the whole market transition is negative. The sudden rising in price makes down stream enterprise confused and hesitate to buy.

Coincidentally, APT price in European market also rebounds. The quoted price is 180~190USD/ton, which rises about 5 dollars compared to last week. Price of ferro tungsten is around 24.3~25USD/ton, which rises about 0.15 dollars. Europe should be in its summer break, the price is intended to be stable. The flowing of the price this time is completely affected by China market.

APT and Environmental Protection

Another important factor is that state council environmental inspectors settled in Ganzhou last week forces some small APT metallurgy factory to shut down and rectification due to its unqualified environmental protection problems. It may last for one week or even a month. This causes the tungsten market even worse which it has already stays in a situation that manufacturers being reluctant to sell which causes lack of raw material in the market. The supply is getting more nervous and price rises even higher. It is obvious that environmental protection principle has already been an important theory that should be complied in every industry.

The poor demanding has always been the block for rise of tungsten price. However, the markup at present is the main trend. Although there may be risk, it is the challenge and opportunity as well.

Will Apple be Next Nokia?

On July 7, Counterpoint Technology, a market research institute, released its research about smart phone market share of May. It showed that Apple only accounts for 10.8%, which is 1.2% decrease compared with May, 2015 and fell to fifth. On the contrast, China domestic smart phones, the four largest brands, Huawei, Vivo, Oppo and Xiaomi, have been increasing and the percentage is 53%. Among the data, Huawei ranked first with 17.3%, and Oppo 11% with a double going up.

Time goes back. In April, Apple released last quarter financial report. iPhone sales volume had declined as the first time in its sales history. So is its revenue, which is going down 13%, and 33% compared with the first quarter in 2015. After that, Apple promotes its iPhone SE with lower value of USD500.00, in order to interest the small screen users. No doubt, this type of iPhone has been the most obscure products of Apple these years. With a respect, it may run into the rural market. However, it may still lose with the competition of Vivo and Oppo. Even Citibank has lowered down its expectation of the third and fourth quarter financial report, and predicts that iPhone change time will last 30 to 36 months.

tungsten crucible and sapphire screen

After those not so good reports of Apple, will it be next Nokia? It may and may not. If iPhone can effectively grasp the chance of phone change time and increase its quality, including its broken sapphire screen, which is growing in tungsten crucible in thermal field, then it may change its unfavorable situation. Surely, China domestic brands are also improving their quality better and better, so that their competition ability will be stronger. In order to increase their screen quality, the crucible should be pure enough, which is over 99.95%, for assurance of the quality of sapphire. Chinatungsten has been producing tungsten crucible over 20 years, its purity and quality can meet the requirement of producing out high-quality sapphire. Then it could be a power to support the hard ware parts of phones.

Standardization Technical Committee of Rare Earth Visited Japan and Korea Promote Development of Tungsten Heater

tungsten heaterDuring June 10 to 16 in 2016, Ma unzhen, the Chairman of the Standardization Technical Committee of Rare Earth, and the Secretary, Gao Lan, and technologist Shen Guodi visited Japan and Republic of Korea. They communicated with leaders of the related standards departments, technology organization experts and some related representative of enterprises in Japan and Republic of Korea. In addition, they also attend “International Rare Earth Applications Forum” held in Westin hotel of Hokkaido.

On June 11, 2016, the Japanese representative organized a special symposium of ISO (International Organization for Standardization). During the discussion, the Japanese representative expressed that as a big country of the application of rare earth, Japan hoped to cooperate with china in the field of international standardization, and emphasized the rare earth industry is crucial to Japan, Japan would attach great importance to the work of international standardization of rare earth.

Three representatives of China also communicated with a senior research fellow and two experts in Republic of Korea. They talked more about the technology of rare earth production, which would be conducive to the production of tungsten heater and other rare earth industry. After the talks, South Korean experts arranged a scene visit, detailing introduced the circumstances of their laboratory equipment. From the aspect of their test equipment, South Korea is fully equipped with the ability to participate in international standard testing. What’s more, South Korea experts agreed with our counterparts domestic enterprises in the rare earth standard.

The delegations also intuitively understood that the stuff and equipments situation of two countries for international standardization rare earth, which enhanced the confidence of international standardization work. The success of the exchange creates a good start to promote wolfram heater and other rare international standardization work. Moreover, China also learned advanced production technology from the two countries in this visit, which would help to improve the productivity and quality of the tungsten heater.

WO3 Catalytic Fuel Cell Vehicle Eases Global Warming

Hydrogen fuel cells for its comprehensive advantages of zero-emission, high energy density and conversion rate, long battery life and short time refueling hydrogen ect., is considered to be one of the "best path" for the development of new energy vehicles. With restrictions FCV (Fuel Cell Vehicle) development bottlenecks continue to be resolved, the international leader in the fuel cell technology company's products have been sent to the commercial promotion levels; in the case of cost, over the past 10 years, the production costs of fuel cell system has plummeted with also a certain decline space left; about the support facilities, governments have stepped up efforts to support hydrogen refueling station to relieve the problem in the operation of fuel cell.

fuel cell vehicle
 
The operating principle of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is that the hydrogen is sent to the fuel cell anode plate (anode), an electron in the hydrogen atom is separated out through the effect of catalyst; then hydrogen ions (protons) which lose electrons will pass through the proton exchange membrane to arrive at the fuel cell cathode plate (positive electrode), while the electron can not pass through the proton exchange membrane, only through an external circuit to reach the cathode plate of the fuel cell, thereby generating a current in the external circuit. After the electrons reach the cathode plate, they will recombine with the hydrogen ions and oxygen atoms to water. Since oxygen supplied to the cathode plate can be obtained from the air, as long as continue to supply hydrogen to the anode plate and the air to the cathode plate with timely water (steam) away, electricity will be continue to be provided. Theoretically, hydrogen fuel cells emit only water, not carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and other products of and the fossil fuels, thus to ease the global warming and improve air quality.
 
The study found that WO3 has a strong corrosion resistance, does not react with almost any acid without the hydrofluoric acid, which is particularly suitable for the high humidity, acidic environment of fuel cell. In addition, the conventional Pt catalyst belongs to precious metal, the addition of WO3 can not only reduce the cost of the catalyst; at the same time, since the WO3 and the metal will produce synergistic catalytic effect which improves the efficiency of the catalyst; in addition, WO3 has the corrosion resistant, as a partial substitute carrier C to longer the life of the catalyst, and also indirectly improve the catalytic efficiency.

 

Defect-Rich Tungsten Trioxide Nanosheet Photocatalyst

Recently, Professor Xiong Yujie of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), and his group cooperated with a number of the USTC professors to design a class of defect-rich tungsten oxide nanosheet, this kind of new photocatalytic material exhibits excellent aerobic coupled catalytic performance under broad spectrum light conditions, and is expected to achieve low power consumption and low cost of chemical production. It is reported that the defect-rich tungsten trioxide nanosheets have precisely controllable oxygen vacancies, and promote the efficient transfer of photogenerated electrons from the oxide catalyst to oxygen molecules; at the same time, the emergence of defect states significantly broaden the photocatalyst absorbance range to capture solar energy in the wide spectral range of visible and near infrared region. The achievement of Professor Xiong Yujie group achieved effectively capture and conversion of solar energy to pass to solve the bottleneck problem in the oxide catalyst photocatalytic organic synthesis, and make the possibility for the use of solar energy replacing thermal in organic synthesis.
defect-rich tungsten trioxide
Metal oxide (tungsten trioxide ect.) has the advantages of low cost, and exhibits a photocatalytic activity, which is a class of ideal catalytic materials. The key step of semiconductor photocatalysis is in the photocatalyst excitation, the migration of photo-generated electrons and holes, the recombination of electrons and holes in the catalyst or on the surface. Low quantum efficiency of photocatalytic reaction is the most critical factor which makes the photocatalyst difficult to practical use. The core of Professor Xiong yuJie group developed defect-rich tungsten trioxide photocatalyst nanosheet lies in how to reduce cost of catalyst material and improve the efficiency of energy conversion.
 
At present, doping or semiconductor composite is usually used to reduce costs and to improve catalytic efficiency of tungsten trioxide photocatalyst, such as tungsten trioxide as a carrier after loading the precious metals (e.g. Pt, Au, etc.), it will show strong oxidizing in the presence of water and oxygen thus to help organic synthesis with high reactivity; titanium dioxide and tungsten trioxide complex semiconductor to improve the photocatalytic activity.

 

"Made In China 2025" Promotes the Development of Tungsten Heater

As the first decade guideline of "three-step" strategy for construction of manufacturing power of China, "Made In China 2025" depicts a path for Chinese manufacturing from large to strong, which has been gained high-level attention by Communist Party of China (CPC). In early July 2015, the State Council set up national manufacturing power construction leading group, and the vice-premier Ma Kai is the group leader, and there are more than 20 government departments involved in this group. This group has held the third meeting and established a consultative committee for construction strategy of national manufacturing power, and builds up intersectoral links joint-action mechanism and actively mobilizes multi-power and enthusiasm.

Over the past year, for the implementation of the "Made in China 2025", the government mainly carried out three aspects. Firstly, the government prepared and issued the "1 + X" plan. Secondly, the government formulated a number of supporting policies. CBRC revised the "Commercial Bank M & A Loan Risk Management Guidelines" to encourage the support of commercial banks to manufacturing concern. It would work with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China to further improve the financing guarantee system. The introduction of these supporting policies, mainly in order to provide the reasonable support for necessary innovation and development for manufacturing.

The third is to strengthen the guidance of local, promote development of regional differences. Some effects and implementation of policies and the major projects has been initially apparent. For example, “Enterprise R & D Expenses Plus Deduction Policy” further stimulates industrial enterprises, especially SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) innovation and dynamic development. Future development of "Made in China 2025" will be more perfect, be more conducive to long-term development of business volume, so that it will greatly facilitate the tungsten heater and other tungsten enterprises development.

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