Tungsten Alloy Accelerates Nuclear Fusion Reactor Research

It is reported from the overseas that US government scientists are creating a "jar stars" replicate the way the sun and other stars to generate energy through nuclear fusion on earth. If successful, the human beings will get inexhaustible energy, and no longer need to rely on fossil fuels to produce the electricity. That would be pretty wonderful.

With the continuous efforts of the international community, the physical feasibility of nuclear fusion reactor has been confirmed, including Tokamak type magnetic confinement controlled nuclear fusion research, the progress in this field has been fastest among the most mature technology.

Princeton Plasma Laboratory, US Department of Energy (abbreviated PPPL) physicists recently in the journal Nuclear Fusion published a paper which showed their research of new generation of nuclear fusion equipment plans. PPPL laboratory and England Kalam already have a spherical Tokamak. All these will provide ideas to help scientists design a new type of fusion device, as so to build further by a commercial fusion power plant generating electricity.

During researches, the selection of material has always been a key factor to whether the fusion energy could be developed or not. In fusion materials, it is a class of very important materials is plasma material, also known as coating materials. Tungsten alloy has been proved in research and development owing superior physical and chemical properties in a high-energy level, such as high melting point, high density, high density, low vapor pressure, good thermal conductivity and high strength, also stability enough not form a hydride with hydrogen. Therefore, tungsten alloy becomes a very rare coating material applied on the high-temperature flux components.

nuclear fusion image

nuclear fusion image

Tungsten Alloy Warhead Enhances Missile Lethality Greatly

It is reported that China has created the world's first surface-to-air missile( also known as ahead) to shoot down enemy planes, which is researched and developed by themselves, and the combat capability has been formed.

ahead image

The Red Flag – surface-to-air missile mainly used in the fight against all types of aviation raid target, is the long-range air defense equipment in our military field; Red Flag 6 missile is a new generation of terminal defense weapons, anti-aircraft guns and missiles with high accuracy the high rate of fire is achieved the end of the air defense interceptor. Warhead takes significant effects on the missile lethality.

ahead image

Due to the high strength, high temperature resistance, high crush resistance, high hardness, non-toxic environmental protection and other properties, tungsten alloy material becomes more and more popular for the military field using as tungsten alloy warhead and tungsten alloy ahead. It should be made into the shape of sphere, cube and pin, working as prefabricated fragments.

tungsten alloy spheres for ahead image

The size of tungsten alloy cubes for ahead could be customized as per clients’ drawing or design.

tungsten alloy cubes for ahead image

Waxing and binding makes the spheres distributing much uniform in the warhead. The binder would be melted in the high temperature.

tungsten alloy pins for ahead image

Tungsten alloy spheres or tungsten alloy pins for ahead left as its high temperature resistance, so as to enhance missile performance.

tungsten alloy spheres for ahead image

If there is any interest, please email to sales@chinatungsten.com for more details.

tungsten alloy ahead

 

Small Neck Carbide End Mill Increasingly Wide Application Areas

Carbide end mill launched smaller neck diameter models, and expand the range of applications and versatility. When machining complex parts, such as the aerospace industry, medical industry and general machining industry artifacts, these latest tools can be used after a larger angle.
Smaller neck size makes it easier to process using complex holder holding a workpiece, and allows users to fully play workability four and five axis machine tools. Neck size has been fully optimized, not only to maintain the rigidity of the tool, but also with the standard tool holder system has perfect compatibility. In addition, this tool also retained the ISO P M, S, and performance efficient processing of other materials group materials.

Carbide end mill with a high degree of stability and low deflection. This series of products in many applications also showed excellent value for money, and these latest models also makes advanced features of the product is enhanced.
Carbide end mill series, ranging in diameter from 3 mm to 20 mm, typically cutting length 2xD + 2 mm. Overhang length 3xDc. The series also includes a rounded nose type and 45o chamfer type products for cylindrical and Weldon shank type.

carbide end mill

 

Tungsten Alloy Improves Crankshaft Performance

It is reported that the longest and the heaviest single Manen 7G80ME-C series full-stroke crankshaft was spring successfully off the assembly line in Dalian on Aug. 29, and its batch production will be implemented. Since Aug. 2006, Dalian Heavy Industries produced the first 500 marine crankshafts.

That crankshaft produced by Dali Heavy Industry is the world's longest full-stroke crankshaft with total length 12.575 m, full stroke 3.72 m, diameter rotating 4.74 m and weight 237.131 tons. It would be assembled in Dali low-speed marine diesel with more than 40,000 horsepower, and its diesel engine applied to a tanker weighted 319,000 dwt built by Dalian Shipbuilding Industry. Only three foreign companies had this type crankshaft machining capacity in the past.

Dali Heavy Industry has tackled seven national issues, and has a complete control of the most high-end marine crankshaft production technology, also completely broke long-term monopoly of Chinese shipbuilding as the foreign large-scale low-speed of the marine crankshafts. A world-class research and development base of the crankshaft is becoming.

Working as a significant component of marine diesel engines, high properties such as heavy weight, size accuracy, high performance, well machinability are required badly for the crankshaft features. Many studies and practices shows that tungsten alloy should be most proper material, which is superior to steel for crankshaft, as it is high density, i.e. its heavy dense. That’s to say, if you need the same weight, then the volume should be saved if you choose tungsten alloy for the crankshaft, then the assemble volume would be saved. Therefore, tungsten alloy becomes the most competitive material for crankshaft performance improvement.

crankshaft image

China Aero Engine Corporation Pushes National Defense Science Progress

It is said that China Aero-Engine Corporation has been founded in Beijing on Aug. 29. State President Xi Jinping made important instructions and stressed that the CPC Central Committee decision of setting up China Aero Engine Corporation is under the consideration of wealthy and powerful military strategic, which could also deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises and to promote the aviation industry restructuring to take the major initiatives. Premier Li Keqiang gave instructions pointed out that the formation of China Aero Engine Corporation is a major strategic decision of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council. State Councilor Wang Yong attended the meeting and read out President Xi Jinping important instructions and Li Keqiang’s instructions.Central and the related state department of Beijing, the Central Military Commission departments and relevant enterprises, colleges and universities representatives attended the inaugural conference.

It was publicly reported that during the two sessions last year, Premier Li Keqiang announced in the government work report for the first time that the "aircraft engines, gas turbines" should be included in the national strategic emerging industries, also it proposed the implementation of major projects, aircraft engines, gas turbines, increase defense-related research and high-tech weaponry and equipment construction. From a longer-term strategic demands, we have to insist on some things, in aircraft engines, quantum communication, intelligent manufacturing and robotics, deep space deep-sea exploration, focusing on new materials, brain science, health care and other fields and then deploy a batch reflect national strategic intent of major scientific and technological projects.

Nowadays, China Aero Engine Corporation inaugural conference was held on behalf of China's central military enterprises and finally ushered in new members. Its official business scope includes military and civilian aircraft power plant, the second power plant, gas turbines, aircraft engines and other technology derived from product design, development, production, sales and after-sales service; aircraft, engines, helicopters and other defense technology industry and civilian fields development of advanced materials, etc.. Meanwhile, tungsten, tungsten alloy, titanium and other high-temperature resistant, corrosion-resistant, high strength material has become more and more popular to favor military purposes. The establishment of the Group will provide broad platform for the progress of high-properties tungsten alloy material’s development. Thus, China Aero Engine Corporation became the twelfth military industrial corporations.

aero engine image

 

Tungsten Alloy Promotes Chinese Aero Engine Development

aero engine imageaero engine image

With the improvement of Chinese national defense science and technology strength, problems faced by Chinese aero engine will be alerted greatly. Let us recall Chinese aero engine development.

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Collapse Reason of Tungsten Trioxide Electrode Material

Ion aggregation will occur during operation of the thin film cell, while the aggregation involves two basic chemical processes of mezzanine and conversion. In the mezzanine, the metal ion (lithium, sodium or calcium) will fall into a gap in the atomic structure of the electrode, and when a plurality of lithium ions occupy the same space at the atomic framework of electrodes, the competition among each ion occurs due to the limited number of oxygen atoms in the vicinity. Mutual dragging of lithium, sodium or calcium ion inserted to the oxygen has slightly changed the adjacent bond, even though they will then leave, it has distorted the material and eventually led to its collapse failure. The role of mezzanine played in the structure of atomic vacancy formation swing is reversible, and this process will increases conductivity of the material, thus to benefit batteries and other equipments.
 
People have been very interested in the interaction between the mezzanine and conversion for a long time, and recently, US Pacific Northwest National Laboratory has finally displayed the collapse reason of tungsten trioxide (WO3) electrode material directly through the images. The researchers used molecular beam epitaxy synthesis of tungsten trioxide thin film electrode material, and designed the thin film electrochemical device, situ studied by electron microscopy of high-resolution transmission, insight into the movement of electrons and ions in the energy material and directly heat the collapse reason of electrode material.
tungsten trioxide film electron microscopy imageWO3 HAADF STEM picture
1. M represents to Li, Na or Ca in figure a;
2. Figure b displays WO6 octahedral model of monoclinic tungsten trioxide and transportation of lithium, sodium or calcium ion along the channel to the vacancy center;
3. Figure c is the continuous TEM bright-field image, which displays structure evolution of WO3 during the insertion of lithium, and the illustration shows the original electron diffraction pattern and fully lithiated phase; the white dotted line marking the front of surface position of the reaction, and highlight the volume expansion projection. Scale, 100nm;
4. Figure d is the high-resolution transmission electron microscope image of the local region of reaction (dotted line), illustration on the left is a boxed area atomic resolution annular dark-field image, scale, 1nm;
5. Figure e is the atomic resolution HAADF-STEM image of WO3 after Ca inserted, scale of 2nm.

Nanoporous Tungsten Oxide Making Flexible Memories Device at Room Temperature

tungsten oxidetungsten oxide

Researchers in the US and Korea say they have developed a new way to make a flexible, resistive random access memory (RAM) device in a room-temperature process – something that has proved difficult to do until now. 

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Tungsten Carbide Industry Being Developed Deep Processing Tools Area

Metal machinery manufacturing, machining is the most basic and reliable means of precision machining, mechanical, electrical, electronic and other modern industrial sector plays an important role. Machining technology development, the most recent history is the history of the development of the tool material. The new tool materials can greatly improve cutting production rate, improve processing accuracy, surface quality and expand the processing areas, reduce tool consumption, access to a huge economic benefits. The new tool materials for the development of machinery manufacturing plays a huge role in promoting. Therefore, the development, promotion and use of new materials is an important part of the new machinery manufacturing technology revolution.
Tungsten carbide is a new information tool, due to its high hardness, wear resistance and compressive strength, with more chaos chemical resistance, adhesion and heat resistance, excellent performance, and its tools high hardness materials cutting efficiency 5-10 times high speed steel cutting tools and machining speed steel cutting tools can not be processed, and therefore the tool data, according to a large proportion.

Meet the needs of modern science and technology development, to the precision of the direction, to enter since the seventies, in modern machining, cutting tools with carbide cutting inserts dimensional accuracy remarkable progress, therefore, carbide production manufacturers are constantly advances its product precision. For example, in some developed countries have phased out the U grade carbide precision. Many Carbide Die size has reached micron level precision, and even some have reached the end of ultrafine meter level.
Adaptation requirements produce sophisticated products, better technology and production equipment. Late sixties introduced carbide produced in the field of hot isostatic pressing, and seventies migration to Carbide production in the field of spray-drying technique, cemented carbide production process are a big step forward, In recent years, low-pressure hot isostatic clean burning equipment and technology to make carbide products density close to the theoretical value of up to 99.999%, significantly advances the quality of products.

In order to improve processing efficiency and adapt to the new requirements of automated machine tools, we developed a number of new carbide, such as ultra-fine fine carbide, gradient cemented carbide, carbide duplex, self-lubricating alloy, nanoscale hard alloy, super-hard coating layer of hard alloy. Meanwhile tungsten carbide industry forward depth processing tool areas.
Tungsten carbide consumption in our country although Unfettered unfolded after emerging industry, but carried out rapidly, especially after the reform and opening up, the emergence of independent growing trend. Currently, carbide production in the country has been in the forefront of the world, the product brands, models also more fully, and has many product quality has reached the international advanced level, the output value and profits to grow steadily.tungsten carbide cutting tools

 

Tungsten Trioxide in Photoelectric Field

Tungsten oxide has wide range of crystal types and sub-stoichiometric composition, the multi-functional transition metal oxide with innate tunnels and oxygen vacancies. Tungsten trioxide (WO3) is a versatile material, and widely used in many important areas because of its flexible structure and cation insertion state, particularly in coloration devices; In addition, tungsten trioxide is also used as a photocatalyst to capture solar energy for environmental purification and fuel production, to provide a new strategy to solve the energy and environmental crises.
 
Recently, researcher of Suzhou Institute of Nano has developed tungsten oxide which can be used in photoelectric field, and published articles about it. 
 
Tungsten oxide uses in photoelectric field, and some of the latest research progress about its applications are as following:
1. Pt-WO3 as a visible driven photocatalyst, its removal rate about gaseous acetaldehyde is higher than both commercial WO3 and N-doped titanium dioxide;
2. The process for preparing Pt loaded WO3 nanotubes diagram is as follows;

preparation diagram of WO3 nanometer carrying Ptyellow tungsten oxide picture
 
3. WO3 octahedral with acidified surface exhibits excellent photocatalytic reduction activity to the heavy metal ions;
4. Tungsten oxide catalysts with different content of oxygen vacancies will result in the large difference of methane yield under the different illumination time, wherein the tungsten trioxide with no oxygen vacancies has no activity in this reaction which indicates that it is oxygen vacancies which cause tungsten trioxide has reduction activity;
5. The energy level alignment of oxygen defects of tungsten oxide nanosheets shows that the enhanced light trapping capability of ultraviolet visible to near-infrared region will cause the increasing of photocurrent of tungsten oxide nanosheets;
6. The ECD coloration efficiency comparison of nano sheet and chunk WO3•2H2O showed that ECD coloration efficiency based on the nano-sheet is much greater than that which based on chunk WO3•2H2O;
7. Al3+ as the inserted ion of the main body--purple tungsten oxide (W18O49), has high contrast and good stability of ECD.

 

 

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