A tungsten penetrator made by tungsten-nickel and other tungsten compounds

 

This invention concerns discloses penetrators having a composition of 88 to 98% tungsten, 0.25 to 1.5% ruthenium or rhenium, balance of nickel and iron, and also compositions of tungsten-nickel, tungsten-molybdenum, tungsten-nickel-iron and tungsten-nickel plus copper, molybdenum, titanium.
 
A penetrator in accordance with this invention has a composition of 90 to 98 weight percent tungsten, the balance being nickel and cobalt, the weight ratio of nickel to cobalt being between 1:1 to 9:1. The advantage of a penetrator having this composition is that it resists bending moments, thereby desirably reducing limit velocity. Limit velocity refers to the velocity needed to penetrate a target.
 
We believe that this composition has improved resistance to bending for the following reasons.
It is believed that a reduced grain size enhances the resistance to bending. In liquid phase sintering, the matrix liquifies and saturates with tungsten. When the solubility of tungsten in the Ni/Co matrix has reached its maximum, the small tungsten particles will dissolve and reprecipitate out on the larger tungsten particles. Growth of the tungsten grains will continue by particle coalescence. To reduce the grain size, the liquid-solid interfacial energy must be reduced. Cobalt is believed to decrease the liquid-solid interfacial energy by decreasing the solubility of tungsten in the matrix. Therefore, a tungsten penetrator having a composition as per this invention will have enhanced resistance to bending.
 
In one example, the W--Ni--Co alloy consisted of, by weight percent, 93 tungsten, 5.6 nickel, 1.4 cobalt. Bars were isostatically pressed from this composition at about 35 KSI and were then solid state sintered at 1420° C. for three hours to achieve densification of over 90%. The bars were then liquid phase sintered at 1530° C. for 45 minutes to develop heavy alloy structure. The bars were then heat treated at 1200° C. in vacuum for three hours to remove hydrogen.
 
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Tungsten penetrators

 

The present invention is an improved penetrator. This penetrator, which is composed of tungsten, has superior, sought after properties. It may be produced by employing metal matrix composite technology. The tungsten penetrator herein differs from tungsten penetrators in the prior art in that it is composed of tungsten whiskers. Although different crystalline orientations of tungsten whiskers may be employed within the scope of the present invention, the orientation is the one preferred.
 
Tungsten penetrators already in use (i.e., those in the polycrystalline form) tend to form mushroom heads upon impact of a hard target. The formation of a mushroom head decreases the penetration ability of a penetrator. Hence, the performance of a penetrator would be enhanced if the formation of a mushroom head could be eliminated. The penetrator of the present invention is designed to prevent the formation of a mushroom head during its penetration of armor materials or other hard materials--i.e. steel.
 
Although penetrators do exist which do not form a mushroom head upon impact, these penetrators carry with them other undesirable properties. For example, the most effective penetrators to date are those composed of uranium. Even though uranium based penetrators do not form mushroom heads upon impact, their radioactive nature makes them undesirable in that additional considerations need to be addressed in their use--i.e. the disposal of radioactive waste, etc.
 
Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide a penetrator having superior penetration ability and strength.
 
It is another object of the present invention to provide a penetrator having superior penetration ability and strength which is not radioactive in nature.
 
It is another object of the invention to provide a tungsten penetrator having superior penetration ability and strength.
 
It is a further object of the invention to produce a penetrator which employs tungsten whiskers therein.
 
It is still a further object of the present invention to produce a penetrator which employs tungsten whiskers therein, wherein said tungsten whiskers are of the orientation.
 
Still a further object of the invention is to provide a tungsten penetrator which will not form a mushroom head upon impact of targets.
 
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Tungsten Carbide Tools and Chainsaw Technology to Make Hoof Trimming Easier

King Arthur’s Tools introduced Merlin® and Bors® to make hoof trimming a smoother and more economical experience. Merlin and Bors utilize chainsaw technology to present a breakthrough for the hoof trimming industry. The incorporation of a tungsten carbide chainsaw disc into both designs introduces a new technique for hoof trimmers to use. This allows the user to use arms and upper body strength to hold the blade at an angle to the hoof and peel layers away. The already existing labor-intensive chopping motion of current tools is subsequently eliminated. As a result, the new technique that Merlin and Bors utilize drastically reduces fatigue and strain on the wrist.

As new tools introduced into the hoof trimming industry, Merlin and Bors surpass barriers faced by current tools on the market. The inconvenience of sending blades away to be sharpened is eliminated by their new design. The manufacturer is effectively omitted from the blade sharpening process, as the user can effortlessly sharpen the blades of both Merlin and Bors onsite. These are the first tools in the industry that offer the user this high level of convenience.

The Merlin Hoof Trimming Set consists of a miniature long neck angle grinder and three specifically designed accessories for trimming, preparing and finishing hoofs. Bors carbide cutting blade fits standard 4 1/2" (115mm) angle or disc grinders and is designed for use in production on a high volume of hoofs.

 

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Yes i4-TECH Putters

Yes i4-TECH Putters with a tungsten weighting feature

Golf is set to roll out a new line of putters under the “i4-TECH” banner in 2013.

Pictured here is the Yes i4-TECH Stephanie mallet putter, which may look sleek and slim on the outside, but is brimming with technology in the inside. It features a four-piece C-Groove insert (hence the i4-TECH label) with a polymer backing to “further enhance roll through increasing the friction between the ball and the groove edge…It has the added benefit of creating a softer feel.”

The Stephanie model also incorporates a tungsten weighting feature to elevate the MOI for added forgiveness, and has a curving black polymer strip along the crown with a contrasting white sightline for enhanced alignment.

 

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Hardide CVD Hard Coatings for Mechanical Face Seals

Introduction

Hardide coatings, an advanced surface coating company, manufactures Hardide chemical vapour deposition (CVD) tungsten carbide/tungsten coatings for application on mechanical seals that are used in heavy-duty rotating equipment for the chemical, oil and gas industries. Mechanical face seals are used in rotating equipment including turbines, compressors, and pumps to lubricate the mechanical assemblies, exclude abrasive media, and prevent leaks. Seal reliability is a key parameter for overall equipment reliability because seal failure can cause damage to expensive equipment, thus resulting in high downtime costs.

Hard Materials

Hard materials are widely utilized for heavy-duty mechanical face seals, especially in the making of highly durable ‘primary' sealing surface that can resist three-body abrasion, corrosion and erosion. Solid hard materials including sintered tungsten carbide, ceramic or silicon carbide are often utilized but they are expensive, brittle and difficult to produce, particularly if the seal design has finer features. There is a substantial difference between thermal expansion properties of solid hard materials and steel. This causes jamming when there is change in temperature.

Hard Coatings

A more efficient technique involves the application of hard coating on mechanical seal components made of steel, which is low cost, tough and much easier to machine. This method also paves the way for better seal design. There are different designs of mechanical seals available but normally these include the primary sealing surfaces, often created as two rings or disks, of which one is a stationary part and second is a rotating part. During the rotation of the seal at a rate of 1000 to 60,000 rpm and more, the mechanical face seal’s operation relies on the fluid layer isolating the primary seal components to lubricate their surfaces for friction reduction and overheating prevention. Coating these hard faces of a mechanical seal prevents scratching by hard particles and the creation of scratch asperities that may rupture the lubricating fluid film.

Hardide CVD Coatings

Hardide CVD tungsten carbide/tungsten coatings fulfill all the key prerequisites for mechanical seal applications. Although the optimal hardness for mechanical seal applications is between 1100 and 1800 Hv, Hardide produces its coatings with a hardness ranging between 450 and 3500 Hv. The typical thickness of Hardide coatings is 50 µm but the company produces thinner or thicker coatings of 5 to 100 µm for certain seal designs. It is possible to polish Hardide coatings to a good finish, typically reaching an Ra better than 0.3 µm by simply polishing without using expensive grinding. Hardide coatings’ uniform structure provides an even wear pattern that enables coated components to maintain an optimum finish for longer period even in the most abrasive environments. These coatings comprise tungsten carbide and tungsten, which resist chemically aggressive and corrosive media, especially acids. Their mechanical properties can be improved by alloying them with small quantities of fluorine or fluorocarbons.

Conclusion

With Hardide CVD hard coatings, users in high wear applications such as valves, pumps and down hole tools operating in power generation, cryogenic equipment, refineries, food manufacturing, and oil and gas facilities can reduce expenses by optimizing part life and improving product performance.

 

 

Tungsten Carbide Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-carbide.com.cn
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com
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