Wet Chemical Method of Tungsten Bronze Preparation

Hydrothermal synthesis is the most important method in the wet chemical method, it was introduced to the process of tungsten bronze preparation in the early 1980s. Mix WO3-W-LiOH as ratio of 1: 3: 2 in a certain amount of water, heated under 700 ℃ (constant pressure) for 9h to prepare purple crystal, proven as the hexagonal structure Li0.30WO3 with a = 0.740 5 nm and c = 0.755 4 nm. The early hydrothermal synthesis temperature is relatively high, and now it is reported that more low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis.
 
Kenneth P. Reis and A. Ramanan prepared tungsten bronze hexagonal structure by hydrothermal synthesis by acidified tungstate solution. Reaction in solution at T = 155 ℃, P = 5kPa for about 3 d, the control of pH value of duration is critical. The product synthesis unit cell parameters are a = 0.730 0 nm, c = 0.771 9 nm of hexahedral LixWO3 + x / 2. Similar low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis, that several reactions in aqueous solution is directly heated, there are more reports about pressurized synthesis tungsten bronze crystals. As WO3, KOH and N2H4·H20 react at 360 ℃, prepare single crystal whiskers of K0.4WO3. Acidify WO3, NaBH4 (or KBH4) with hydrochloric acid, prepare NaxWO3 (or KxWO3) sol at 350 ℃, and annealing by 600 ℃ and 850 ℃  to obtain crystals. Hydrothermal synthesis at low temperatures must solve the problem of the intensity of reducing selection, in order to ensure the portion W6 + reduction, thereby generating tungsten bronze. Select acidification and use of organic synthesis are commonly-used means of strong reducing agent.
 
In wet chemical method, because of its relatively low synthesis temperature, the better product crystallized state becomes a hot research focus of synthesis method, but there are not many tungsten bronze kinds now synthesized by this method .

tungsten bronze
 

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