Thoriated Tungsten Electrode Composition and Performance

Made of tungsten and thorium dioxide composed of tungsten alloy , referred to as thorium tungsten . Thorium dioxide content of the alloy used in the 0.7% to 2% . Thorium dioxide thermal stability, greatly enhanced  thorium tungsten electrode tungsten alloy high temperature strength , the recrystallization temperature and high temperature creep properties , tungsten thorium further reduces the electron work function , and enhance the ability of the alloy thermal electron emission . Preparation of tungsten thorium alloys doped tungsten wire is similar . Thorium tungsten alloy wire as a heat emission of the filament and cathode tubes are widely used in thorium- tungsten alloy rod then as a variety of arc welding , cutting and arc electrode material caused . Tungsten- thorium alloy is an important drawback is that containing a radioactive thorium dioxide , in the processing and use of radioactive contamination.

Radioactive thorium tungsten electrode , its production and use of environmental pollution harm to human health and therefore need to be replaced new electrode products , rare earth tungsten electrode welding performance has been used as an alternative to thoriated tungsten electrodes attention is paid to review research group in rare Earth tungsten electrode course , through to rare earth element tungsten electrodes , binary composite rare earth tungsten electrodes , tungsten electrodes rare earth ternary complex research , the current through the Beijing tungsten & Molybdenum material Factory co- broke multiple composite rare earth tungsten electrodes industrialized production technology, the production of such electrodes .


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Thorium Tungsten Electrode Characteristics and Applications

Thorium oxide doped tungsten , producing thorium tungsten electrodes . Specific data as follows :  thorium tungsten electrode

Grades dopant doping color coating head

WT10 ThO2 0.90 ~ 1.20% yellow
WT20 ThO2 1.8 ~ 2.2% red
WT30 ThO2 2.80 ~ 3.20% Purple
WT40 ThO2 3.80 ~ 4.20% orange

Compared with pure tungsten material , thorium tungsten has the following characteristics :

* Lower * electronic functions in the crystallization temperature higher * Better conductivity * Mechanical cutting performance.

Thorium tungsten electrode is a common use of tungsten electrode material , it is also advantageous than pure tungsten welding performance , which is widely used in DC welding field .

Thoriated tungsten electrode is simple , even when the overload current of the operation can be very good .

Even so , people still gradually turns to other types of tungsten electrodes , such as tungsten and tungsten lanthanum cerium , not only because they are in most applications have shown excellent performance, but it is important that they do not radiate injury. Since thorium tungsten electrodes produce small amounts of radiation thorium oxide , making some welding personnel not go near them.

In the use of thorium tungsten electrode welding must maintain good ventilation , waste welding head to properly handle .


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Tungsten Alloy Swaging Rod & MILAN

Tungsten alloy swaging rod is made of tungsten alloy rod through calcinations. The normal method used in the processing are extruding, forging and sintering. After calcinations, tungsten alloy swaging rod has higher ductility, toughness and tensile strength than tungsten alloy rod, so it can be used for a longer time. Tungsten alloy swaging can be used for MILAN for its high density and high hardness.

MILAN is a European anti-tank guided missile. Design of the MILAN started in 1962. It was ready for trials in 1971, and was accepted for service in 1972. It is a wire guided SACLOS (Semi-Automatic Command to Line-Of-Sight) missile, which means the sight of the launch unit has to be aimed at the target to guide the missile. The MILAN can be equipped with a MIRA thermal sight, or MILIS to give it night-firing ability.

MILAN is a French and German missile that has been license-built by Italy, Spain, Britain and India. As it is guided by wire by an operator, this missile can avoid most countermeasures (flares and chaffs). The drawbacks are its short range, the exposure of the operator, and that it requires a skilled and well-trained operator.

With high density and high hardness of tungsten alloy swaging rod, MILAN can penetrate the armor and destroy tank and other heavily-armored vehicles.


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Tungsten Alloy Swaging Rod for HJ-8

Tungsten alloy swaging rod is made of tungsten alloy rod through calcinations. The normal method used in the processing are extruding, forging and sintering. After calcinations, tungsten alloy swaging rod has higher ductility, toughness and tensile strength than tungsten alloy rod, so it can be used for a longer time. Tungsten alloy swaging rod can be used for HJ-8.

The HJ-8 or Hongjian-8 is a second generation tube-launched, optically tracked, wire-guided anti-tank missile system which was originally deployed by the People's Liberation Army since the late 1980s. Pakistan produces this missile system under licence as the Baktar-Shikan at Kahuta Research Laboratories. It is able to defeat explosive reactive armour (ERA).

HJ-8 used tungsten alloy swaging rod as its warhead to hit and destroy tank and other armor vehicles.


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Tungsten Alloy Swaging Rod for BGM-71

Tungsten alloy swaging rod is made of tungsten alloy rod through calcinations. The normal method used in the processing are extruding, forging and sintering. After calcinations, tungsten alloy swaging rod has higher ductility, toughness and tensile strength than tungsten alloy rod, so it can be used for a longer time. Tungsten alloy swaging rod can be used for BGM-71.

The BGM-71 is an anti-tank missile. First produced in 1970, BGM-71 is one of the most widely used anti-tank guided missiles.

Initially developed by Hughes Aircraft between 1963 and 1968, the XBGM-71A was designed for both ground and heli-borne applications. In 1997, Raytheon Co. purchased Hughes Electronics from General Motors Corporation, so development and production of TOW systems now comes under the Raytheon brand. The BGM-71 wire-guided heavy anti-tank missile is produced by Raytheon Systems Company. The weapon is used in anti-armor, anti-bunker, anti-fortification and anti-amphibious landing roles. BGM-71 is in service with over 45 militaries and is integrated on over 15,000 ground, vehicle and helicopter platforms worldwide.

With the high density and high hardness of tungsten alloy swaging rod, BGM-71 can hit and destroy tank and other armor vehicles.


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Tungsten Alloy Swaging Rod for Anti-tank Missile

Tungsten alloy swaging rod is made of tungsten alloy rod through calcinations. The normal method used in the processing are extruding, forging and sintering. After calcinations, tungsten alloy swaging rod has higher ductility, toughness and tensile strength than tungsten alloy rod, so it can be used for a longer time. Tungsten alloy swaging rod can be used for anti-tank missile.

Anti-tank missile is a guided missile primarily designed to hit and destroy heavily-armored military vehicles.

Anti-tank missile ranges in size from shoulder-launched weapons, which can be transported by a single soldier, to larger tripod-mounted weapons, which require a squad or team to transport and fire, to vehicle and aircraft mounted missile systems.

With the high density and high hardness of tungsten alloy swaging rod, anti-tank missile can hit and destroy heavily-armored military vehicles.


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Tungsten Alloy Swaging Rod for AGM-114

Tungsten alloy swaging rod is made of tungsten alloy rod through calcinations. The normal method used in the processing are extruding, forging and sintering. After calcinations, tungsten alloy swaging rod has higher ductility, toughness and tensile strength than tungsten alloy rod, so it can be used for a longer time. Warhead of AGM-114 is made of tungsten alloy swaging rod.

The AGM-114 is an air-to-surface missile (ASM) developed primarily for anti-armor use. It was originally developed under the name Helicopter Launched, Fire and Forget Missile, which led to the acronym 'Hellfire' that became the missile's formal name.[2] It has multi-mission, multi-target precision-strike capability, and can be launched from multiple air, sea, and ground platforms. The Hellfire missile is the primary 100 lb-class air-to-ground precision weapon for the armed forces of the United States and many other nations, and is considered a proven tactical missile system, as it has been used in combat since the mid-1980s.

AGM-114 is a comprehensive weapon system that can be deployed from rotary- and fixed-wing aircraft, waterborne vessels and land-based systems against a variety of targets.

With the high density and high hardness of tungsten alloy swaging rod, AGM-114 can penetrate the armor and destroy the tank.



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Tungsten Alloy Swaging Rod for FGM-148

Tungsten alloy swaging rod is made of tungsten alloy rod through calcinations. The normal method used in the processing are extruding, forging and sintering. After calcinations, tungsten alloy swaging rod has higher ductility, toughness and tensile strength than tungsten alloy rod, so it can be used for a longer time. Warhead of FGM-148 is made of tungsten alloy swaging rod.

FGM-148 is a United States-made man-portable fire-and-forget anti-tank missile fielded to replace the Dragon antitank missile in US service.

FGM-148  is a fire-and-forget missile with lock-on before launch and automatic self-guidance. The system takes a top-attack flight profile against armored vehicles (attacking the top armor, which is generally thinner), but can also take a direct-attack mode for use against buildings. This missile also has the ability to engage helicopters in the direct attack mode. It can reach a peak altitude of 150 m (500 ft) in top-attack mode and 60 m in direct-fire mode. It is equipped with an imaging infrared seeker. The tandem warhead is fitted with two shaped charges: a precursor warhead to detonate any explosive reactive armor and a primary warhead to penetrate base armor.

With the high density and high hardness of tungsten alloy swaging rod, FGM-148 can penetrate the armor on the top of tank and destroy the tank.


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How to Use Bucking Bar to Buck Rivets

When you are going to buck rivets, this is just another name for setting them in place. A rivet is essentially a metal pin with a head on one end and a shank that goes through a hole between two pieces of metal. When the head is compressed against a bucking bar on the shank side, the shank has no where to go and expands outward forming another head. These two heads on either side act as a fastener and hold the piece of metal tightly together.

1.Place the rivet to be bucked into a rivet hole.

2.Push the pneumatic hammer against the head of the rivet, while at the same time placing the bucking bar on the shank of the rivet.

3.Find the center of the shank with the bucking bar. This does not have to be an exact science, but the closer the center can be found while pushing against the shank, the more symmetrical the expansion of the rivet shank will be.

4.Hold the bucking bar steady against the shank once the center has been found, then activate the pneumatic hammer to drive the rivet home.

 

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Reduced Recoil Bucking Bar

 The bucking bar includes a housing and a driven member movable with respect to the housing. The worker using the bar holds it with the driven member pressed against one end of the rivet. When blows are delivered from the hammer through the rivet to the bar, an appropriate reaction force is generated automatically by mechanisms within the bar. These mechanisms include at least a first pressure chamber and an exhaust port for releasing pressure from the pressure chamber to the atmosphere. By controlling the flow of air through the pressure chamber, the mechanisms within the bucking bar control the forces acting on the driven member during the recoil and rebound motions. Preferred control mechanisms include a second pressure chamber and a movable shuttle. The shuttle is initially biased in a preferred direction by a biasing element in the form of a coil spring. Subsequent movement of the shuttle is dependent upon the characteristics of the hammer blow. Generation of reaction force within the bucking bar is in turn dependent on the position and motion of the shuttle. Preferably, the shuttle acts as part of several valves controlling the flow of pressurized air into and out of the two pressure chambers. A piston fixed to the end of the driven member acts as part of another valve for controlling the flow of pressurized air into the first pressure chamber.

bucking bar

 

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