A Re-investigation of Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Paratungstate

The thermal decomposition of monoclinic ammonium paratungstate (APT) and amorphous ammonium metatungstate (AMT) has been studied over the temperature range 20 to 500° C using thermogravimetry, evolved gas analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, differential thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy. A mechanism of decomposition which postulates the formation and subsequent decomposition of various lower ratio tungstates is proposed and substantiated by the experimental data.

 

Tungsten Powder Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-powder.com
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com
Tungsten & Molybdenum Information Bank: http://i.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, 3G Version: http://3g.chinatungsten.com
Molybdenum News & Molybdenum Price: http://news.molybdenum.com.cn

Yellow Tungsten Oxide

Yellow tungsten oxide (WO3) is a chemical compound containing the transition metal tungsten and oxygen. It is obtained as an intermediate in the recovery of tungsten from its minerals. To a large extent, exact time and temperature control determines the physical characteristics of the tungsten oxide. Yellow tungsten oxide is a finely divided yellow crystalline powder.
 
Tungsten oxide is used for the production of tungsten metal powder or as a pigment for ceramics and paints due to its rich yellow color. Yellow tungsten oxide (WO3) is also used as material for tungsten oxide nanowires. Tungsten oxide nanowires were prepared by a vapor transport method using yellow tungsten oxide powder as a raw material.
 
Two commercial grades are available:
1. Tungsten blue oxide WO2.97 has a deep blue colour.
2. Tungsten yellow oxide WO3 has a yellow to bright green colour.
 
 
Tungsten Powder Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-powder.com
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com
Tungsten & Molybdenum Information Bank: http://i.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, 3G Version: http://3g.chinatungsten.com
Molybdenum News & Molybdenum Price: http://news.molybdenum.com.cn

Influence of Synthesis Conditions on Tungsten Oxide Functional Properties

Knowledge of the relation between the synthesis conditions of specific metal oxide and its functional properties is important for the possible application of metal oxides in advanced technologies. The chemical and physical properties of tungsten oxide are generally dependent on the route of their synthesis.
 
Tungsten oxide and its hydrates can be synthesized using various chemical methods, such as ‘wet’ chemical precipitation, hydrolysis of tungsten alkoxide or thermal decomposition of tungsten salts. The WO3 films on various substrates can also be prepared using various vacuum techniques. Modification of the chemical or physical route within the same method also influences the resulting properties of the synthesized material.
 
 
Tungsten Powder Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-powder.com
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com
Tungsten & Molybdenum Information Bank: http://i.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, 3G Version: http://3g.chinatungsten.com
Molybdenum News & Molybdenum Price: http://news.molybdenum.com.cn

Where Is Tungsten Oxide From?

Tungsten oxide is obtained from the minerals scheelite, wolframite, ferberite. It is insoluble in H2O and acids, but soluble in hot alkalis.
 
Intermediates, such as tungsten trioxide, tungsten blue oxide, tungstic acid, and ammonium metatungstate can be derived from APT, either by partial or complete thermal decomposition or by chemical attack.
 
Stoichiometric compounds such as W20O58, W18O49 or WO2 are formed intermediately during the reduction process and can be isolated by interrupting the reduction process at the selected reduction state.
 
 
Tungsten Powder Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-powder.com
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com
Tungsten & Molybdenum Information Bank: http://i.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, 3G Version: http://3g.chinatungsten.com
Molybdenum News & Molybdenum Price: http://news.molybdenum.com.cn

MSDS of Tungsten Bar(d)

REACTIVITY DATA

Stability:

Unstable

 

Conditions to Avoid: N/A

Stable

X

    Incompatibility: Contact with dust with strong oxidizers may cause fire or explosions.

Materials to Avoid: Strong Acids

Hazardous Decomposition Products: None

Hazardous Polymerization:

May Occur

 

Conditions to Avoid: N/A

Will not Occur

X


 

SPILL OR LEAKS PROCEDURES

 Steps to be Taken In Case Material is Released or Spilled: Ventilate area of spill. Clean up using methods which avoid dust  generation such as vacuum (with appropriate filter to prevent airborne dust levels which exceed the PEL or TLV), wet dust mop  or wet clean-up. If airborne dust is generated, use appropriate NIOSH approved respirator.

 Waste Disposal Method: Dispose of in accordance with appropriate government regulations. May be sold as scrap for reclaim.


tungsten-bar


Tungsten Alloy Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-alloy.com
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, 3G Version: http://3g.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, WML Version: http://m.chinatungsten.com

Darts Alliance

 BICC, England Full-County Darts Championship (BICC) for BDO run the entire system is very critical, it is also responsible for training darts players, these players will continue to regularly participate in national, world and professional levels of the game industry. BICC's most famous, are all recognized as darts line, County by forty-three England, 16 in Scotland County and seven Welsh county components, which produces a main area and the District 1,2,3,4 in England and Wales, plus two Scottish areas ,It is from September to April, held every three to four weeks time,

British Darts Organization (THE BRITISH DARTS ORGANISATION) was established in 1973, called BDO. BDO darts in the UK is one of the relevant government organizations, it is to regulate the organization, improvement, operation, management, training darts for the purpose, to make it more national, international, world-oriented.

England and Wales each district has ten counties, each county is divided into male and female players A and B teams, and each team of twelve male and six female athletes. So that each county will have thirty-six players, and on behalf of the county to participate in the competition between the county and the county in every three to four weeks time.

 

Tungsten Alloy Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-alloy.com
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com
Tungsten & Molybdenum Information Bank: http://i.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, 3G Version: http://3g.chinatungsten.com
Molybdenum News & Molybdenum Price: http://news.molybdenum.com.cn

Cricket

Cricket is a widely-played darts game involving a race to control and score on numbers between 20 and 15 and the bulls eye, by hitting each of these targets for three marks to open or own it for scoring. A hit on the target counts as one mark, while hits in the doubles ring of the target count as two marks in one throw, and on the triples ring as three. Once opened in this manner, until the opponent closes that number with three marks on it of their own, each additional hit by the owner/opener scores points equal to the number of the target (which may also be doubled and tripled, e.g. a triple-20 is worth 60 points). The outer bulls eye counts as 25 points, and the inner as 50.

 

Tungsten Alloy Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-alloy.com
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com
Tungsten & Molybdenum Information Bank: http://i.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, 3G Version: http://3g.chinatungsten.com
Molybdenum News & Molybdenum Price: http://news.molybdenum.com.cn

World Darts Federation

World Darts Federation (World Darts Federation, WDF), founded in 1976, composed of 15 countries, Australia, the United Kingdom, Canada, Hong Kong, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Malta, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Northern Ireland Norway, Russia, Scotland, Singapore, Spain, St. Lucia, Sweden, Switzerland, the United States, Wales and so on ,an official of an international organization whose members are against the Darts Federation established in the world.

Cooperation with the United States as the world's darts Federation darts organizational entities worldwide to actively promote the development of darts in these countries, and it is committed to the international darts as a major sport.

 

Tungsten Alloy Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-alloy.com
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com
Tungsten & Molybdenum Information Bank: http://i.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, 3G Version: http://3g.chinatungsten.com
Molybdenum News & Molybdenum Price: http://news.molybdenum.com.cn

Dart Events

World Darts Alliance is a non-political, non-racial, non-organized to pursue its interest commitment to achieve and maintain maximum standards of the organization and its representatives around the world. To pursue this goal, the World Darts league organized tournament as follows:

World Cup (odd-numbered years, for all the world darts Union Member States);
Copa America (even years, for the World Darts Union Member States in the Americas);

Asia Cup (even-numbered years, the members of the Asian and Pacific countries);
European Cup (even years, for the European members of the World Darts Union countries);

English is the official language of the World Darts League, currency within the organization for dollars. Nowadays, there are 250 000 darts league players, representing 60 countries (regions), including six continents of Africa, Asia, Oceania, Europe, North and South America.

 

Tungsten Alloy Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-alloy.com
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com
Tungsten & Molybdenum Information Bank: http://i.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, 3G Version: http://3g.chinatungsten.com
Molybdenum News & Molybdenum Price: http://news.molybdenum.com.cn

The Dart Game Rules(II)

This is a very tough game suitable for good players. You start from 25 points and shoot 3 darts at each double from 1 to 20 + bull. Add hit double's values and subtract the double's value once if you fail to hit with 3. If you fall below 0 the game is over (lesser players can play with minus points allowed or start with more than 25 points to avoid frustration). If you reach bull and have a considerable score afterwards this is very good. I think there is an old world record above 600 points or so for this game.

Example:
Throw 1: D1 hit once, 27 points (25 + D1 = 27 + 2)
Throw 2: D2 missed, 23 points (27 - D2 = 27 - 4)
Throw 3: D3 missed, 17 points (23 - D3 = 23 - 6)
Throw 4: D4 hit twice, 33 points (17 + 2xD4 = 17 + 2x8 = 17 + 16)
The dart games rules are mainly meant for your longer practice sessions (1 hour and more), with 170 being an exception. This dart game is also very good for your short term practice. You can also play just one or two round the board variations in short term practice, but generally it is better to get for some often needed doubles, then going for some score and then go back to doubles or trebles just as long as you get some 'feeling' for the dart and your throw. In a short term practice session it is not so important how much you actually hit. Concentrating and getting the right feeling are much more important.

 

 

Tungsten Alloy Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-alloy.com
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com
Tungsten & Molybdenum Information Bank: http://i.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, 3G Version: http://3g.chinatungsten.com
Molybdenum News & Molybdenum Price: http://news.molybdenum.com.cn

 

 

WeChat