Ultrafine Tungsten Carbide Ball Magnetic Properties

Most of the main ingredients of ultrafine tungsten carbide ball is cobalt alloy (WC-CO), cobalt tungsten carbide made of tungsten carbide ball that working in special conditions. Tungsten carbide ball has high temperature, wear and corrosion resistance, etc. excellent characteristics and high vacuum anti-magnetic tungsten carbide ball has achieved some success.

The magnetic properties of ultrafine WC-Co cemented tungsten carbide ball influenced not only by WC grain size distribution may also be affected by the grain species grown Co phase inhibitor dissolved. The latter acts on the precipitation of dissolved WC, affect the structure of the Co phase. Make tungsten carbide ball exhibit different magnetic properties. When the cobalt content is determined, WC grains more detailed, higher coercivity. Typically coercivity can be used as an indirect measure of WC grain size. Superfine tungsten carbide ball ordinary carbide difficult to achieve high hardness and strength, as well as a much higher coercivity than similar ordinary tungsten carbide ball. In the production of ultra-fine tungsten carbide ball, grain growth inhibitor was added to make the ball appear tungsten carbide ball a lot different from the ordinary characteristics.


tungsten carbide ball


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MSDS of Tungsten Bar(e)

SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS

 Precautions to be Taken in Handling and Storage: Maintain good housekeeping procedures to prevent dust accumulation during  grinding. Avoid dust inhalation and direct skin contact with dust.

 Other Precautions: Clean up using methods which avoid dust generation such as vacuum (with appropriate filter to prevent  airborne dust levels which exceed the PEL or TLV), wet dust mop or wet clean-up. If airborne dust is generated, use an  appropriate NIOSH approved respirator.
 Wash hands thoroughly after handling, before eating or smoking. Wash exposed skin at the end of the work shift. Do not  shake clothing, rags or other items to remove dust. Dust should be removed by washing or vacuuming (with appropriate filters)  the clothing, rags, or other items.
 Periodic medical examinations are recommended for individuals regularly exposed to dust or mist.


tungsten-bar


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Plying Cricket

To start the game, each player or one player from each team throws one dart. This is known as the "diddle". The player whose dart lands closest to the center goes first. Generally, if both players darts are in the same section of the bulls eye or in the event of a tie, each player throws another dart until there is an obvious winner. During a player's turn, the player throws three darts. After the last dart, the player's score is totaled. Any number that has not been scored three times is considered to be open.

 

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Cricket Scoring

The object is for a player to hit each number and the bulls eye three times. Doubles count as two hits and triples as three. The first player to hit a number three times owns that number and it is said to be opened. Further hits on the opened number score that number of points (e.g. triple 20 gains 60 points) until the opponent also hits that number three times and closes it, then that number is removed from play. The double ring scores double the number's value and the treble (inner) ring scores triple the number's value. The outer bulls eye ring is worth 25 points and the inner circle (or double bull) is worth 50. Once a player has opened or closed all the required numbers and bull and has equal or more points than his opponent, that player wins. Also, if a player scores and does not record it before the next player goes, that score does not count.

Alternatively, cut-throat style scoring can be used, in which case points are undesirable; hitting a number that is opened results in points being given to any other players who do not have that number closed, and the lowest score wins.

 

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Tungsten Oxide Nanorods Growth from Heated Tungsten Foils

Tungsten oxides nanostructures have exhibited application perspectives in such fields as electrochromic (EC) devices, photocatalysis, gas sensing, adsorption of organic dyes, etc. So far, in most high-temperature-reaction fabrications of the tungsten oxide nanostructures, the reactant sources and the substrates are separated. Occasionally, tungsten oxide nanostructures are grown directly from the metallic tungsten, which serves as both the reactant source and the substrate. The advant ages of direct heating method include short fabrication time, convenient manipulation, less expensive instrumentation and easy accession to high reaction temperatures. Most importantly, tungsten ox-ide nanostructures can grow directly from, instead of depos-iting on, the substrates. Therefore, a number of desired properties, such as good adhesion and low contact interface resistance, can be expected.    
 
As previously reported, a fast heating chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system was developed, in which the temperature of the carbon substrate could be raised to 1800°C in 15 seconds with the passage of large electric current. Combined structures of conical carbon fiber and carbon nanotube (CCF/CNT), which had large length, good straightness and perfect crystallinity, were fabricated using this system. Recently, tungsten oxide nanostructures were also attained with similar instrumentation.
 
Nanorods of W18O49, an oxygen-deficient nonstoichiometric tungsten oxide, were fabricated by directly heating W foils. In the fabrication, the W foils functioned as both the sub-strates and the reactant sources. Other necessary conditions included the coverage of the substrates with KBr and the introduction of low pressure wet oxygen. The oxidized W surface and the KBr on it combined into eutectic droplets and tungsten oxide segregated from them due to supersatu-ration. This growth is referred to as an SLS process. Field emission was obtained from the such-fabricated W18O49 nanorods and the UPS analysis suggested that the emitted electrons were likely to have come from the conduction band, impurity levels and/or surface states of these nanorods.
 
 
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Tungsten Crystal Growth during Hydrogen Reduction of Tungsten Oxide (II)

In order to obtain coarser powder, the normal method is reducing and carburizing treatment of tungsten oxide in the presence of alkali metal compounds at high temperature. Thus, the obtained powder particle size can be above 50 µ m (Fsss). But its defects and micro-strain are relatively more than those of the powder without addition of dopant. Some researches show that the crystalline perfection of tungsten carbid e grain in the alloy can be impaired by tungsten starting material which undergoes the adulteration of alkali metal.
 
At high temperature, yellow tungsten oxide (WO3) is reduced to metal tungsten under hydrogen in the stepwise reduction sequence of WO3→WO2.9→W 18O 49→WO2→W. The overall reduction rate is limited mainly by the WO2→W transition. The nucleation and growth of
W grain occur in the WO2→W transition.  
 
The technical conditions of WO2→W transition greatly affect the grain size, uniformity and crystalline of W powder.
 
In order to obtain coarse-grain tungsten powder, the transition of WO2→W must proceed under relatively high pH2O/pH2 in hydrogen atmosphere throughout. 
 
 
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Tungsten Crystal Growth during Hydrogen Reduction of Tungsten Oxide (I)

In these years, significantly incremental enhancements and specialized developments in the area of hardmetal continued shift towards ultra-fine and ultra-coarse grades. Compared with conventional cemented carbide (middle grain or fine grain carbides), ultra-coarse grain cemented carbides(>5µm) demonstrate good fracture toughness and thermal fatigue resistance. Thus, they attract much attention from different departments in the area of industry. Currently, it is widely applied in many fields and found increasing usage in areas such as milling tools, punching dies, and boring drills. Coarse grain W and WC powders are key materials for ultra-coarse grain cemented carbides producing. The industrially established method of preparing tungsten and carbide is the hydrogen reduction of tungsten oxide, tungstic acid or ammonium para tungstate at 900-1 200℃ or even higher temperature, initially to the metal powder followed by carburization. The average particle size of the powder obtained in this way is below 12 µm (Fsss).
 
 
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Research Status and Prospects of WO3-based Gas Sensor

Tungsten oxide is usually used to fabricate gas sensor to monitor the toxic gases or some exhaust gases in the air. The gas sensing properties of WO3 may be improved by optimizing itself characteristics (size, surface morphology, shape and crystalline structure) . Thus the hydrothermal method for preparation of WO3 attracts considerable attentions. At present, most of work has been devoted to the improvement of sensitivity,the reducing of concentration of target gas and the increase of gas types.
 
In fact, these aspects all gain well advancement by optimizing the grow method, dopant and electrode. However,  the WO3-based gas sensor just usually performed well above 200℃. This temperature range limits the wide application of WO3-based gas sensor. Therefore, seeking approaches to reduce the working temperature may be the next goal. On the one hand, seeking new dopant material to change the gas sensing characteristics of WO3 is a common way. On the other hand, controlling the preparation conditions accurately and making use of the very assisting agents to optimize the relative characteristics of WO3 are the technique measures.
 
In addition, change the manner of WO3-based sensors for gases detection. Do not monitor the changes of electrical properties of WO3-based sensors. Recording the changes of optical properties of WO3-based sensors is also used to analyze the gas sensing response. This is because the optical properties will change when the WO3-based sensors exposure under the target gases.
 
 
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Dartboard with Magnetic Rubber Sheet

Disclosed herein is a dartboard with a magnetic rubber sheet. The dartboard includes a target board, a holding pole and two closure members. The target board includes a magnetic rubber sheet having a rectangular shape and containing iron, the two sheets of cotton flannel being attached to both surfaces of the magnetic rubber sheet and having raisings on their outer surfaces, and an upper fitted piece attached to the upper end of the front surface of one of said two sheets of flannel. The holding pole includes a hollow for holding one end of the target board, a slit formed along the entire length of the holding pole to pass through the inner and outer circumferential surfaces of the holding pole, and holes for allowing a hanging string to be fastened to the holding pole. The two closure members are each provided with an inserting recess into which one end of the holding pole is inserted.

 

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Magnetic Dartboard

Dartboard is divided into different areas. Each region has a corresponding value, the magnetic dartboard can be carried out at any time is an all ages event . if darts landed on red and green color of the outer ring, then the score is twice the corresponding areas score. The dartboard includes a target board, a holding pole and two closure members. The target board includes a magnetic rubber sheet having a rectangular shape and containing iron, the two sheets of cotton flannel being attached to both surfaces of the magnetic rubber sheet and having raisings on their outer surfaces, and an upper fitted piece attached to the upper end of the front surface of one of said two sheets of flannel.

Each region has a corresponding value, if darts landed on red and green color of the outer ring, then the score is twice the corresponding areas score. For example, the double-digit area if the dart falls below 18, then the score is 36. Understand the inner red and green color score. If the magnetic landed on the red-green color of the inner ring, the score is the score three times the corresponding area. For example, if three times the area of magnetic dartboard falls under 18, then the score is 54. Learn dartboard central "bull's-eye" score. "Bull's-eye" is divided into two areas, inner (usually red) is called "double bull's-eye", the outer ring (usually green) called "single bull's-eye." The rest of the region on the dartboard is divided into 20 zones, each also has a specific value. The most common situation is black or yellow magnetic dartboard landed area, when the score is the number that corresponds to the region.

 

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