Tungsten bronze compounds are a kind of important inorganic compounds. Tungsten ions in these compounds exist in the mixed valence states of W₆⁺, W₅⁺ and W₄⁺, so that the overall charge of the compounds is balanced. Rich crystal structure, tunneling structure and this special valence state make it have excellent properties, such as electronic and ionic conductivity, superconductivity, optical properties, etc. Its applications in secondary batteries, electrochromic, near infrared absorption and chemical sensors have attracted extensive research interest.

High specific gravity tungsten alloys are a kind of tungsten-based alloys, which are composed of Ni, Fe, Co, Cu, Mo, Cr and other elements. Their density is as high as 16.5-19.0g/cm³. They are also known as high density tungsten alloys.

Benzaldehyde is a common intermediate for dyestuff production, and also an important raw material for preparing fine chemicals such as medicine, perfume and coatings. Traditionally, the main production methods of benzaldehyde are oxidation of toluene or chlorination hydrolysis of toluene. However, they have many problems, such as complex process, halogen residue and low selectivity.

The tungsten-titanium (WTi) alloy as the copper wiring diffusion barrier sputtering target has strict requirements on the grain size of the internal structure. For the target of the same composition, the finer and uniform crystal grains, the faster the sputtering rate, the sputter deposition, the better uniformity of film thickness. Studies have shown that the smaller the grain size, the better the properties of the film produced. Therefore, controlling the grain size of the tungsten-titanium alloy target is one of the key factors for obtaining an excellent film.

Nitrogen oxides (NO_x) are the main pollutants causing acid rain and photochemical smog. Their emissions mainly come from fixed sources such as coal-fired boilers, industrial furnaces and mobile sources such as motor vehicle exhaust. With the strengthening of China's environmental protection policy, emission reduction standards are constantly improving and economic operation.

In commerce, phosphotungstic acid is mainly used as catalyst in the homogeneous reaction of tetrahydrofuran to prepare polytetramethylenediol. Normally, the higher the acidity of the phosphotungstic acid catalyst used, the higher its activity, especially the phosphotungstic acid with Keggins structure is most recognized.

Tungsten-based oxide electrochromic film is a phenomenon in which the optical properties of materials change reversibly under the action of applied electric field. It can be applied to building intelligent windows, automotive anti-glare rearview mirrors, display devices and other fields. As a stable non-stoichiometric tungsten oxide, W₁₈O₄₉ can synthesize a variety of microstructures by various wet chemical methods, showing excellent performance in electrochromic, sensor and other fields.

Ethyl acetate is a widely-used fine chemical product widely used in cellulose acetate, ethyl cellulose, chlorinated rubber, vinyl resin, cellulose acetate, synthetic rubber,  paints.Traditionally, the esterification catalytic reaction of ethyl acetate is generally  by using an acid as a catalyst. In addition to the conventional inorganic acid, there is also a solid super acid such as a mesoporous material.

With the rapid development of modern industry, a large amount of industrial wastewater, such as untreated or untreated, is directly discharged into the natural world, causing enormous pollution damage to the environment and seriously affecting human health. Photocatalysis refers to the fact that when the visible light is irradiated onto the semiconductor powder in the aqueous solution, the dye molecules are decomposed into CO2, H2O and the like which are harmless to the environment.

Esterification is an important unit reaction in organic synthesis. In traditional methods, liquid acids such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and p-toluene sulfonic acid are often used as catalysts. There are some problems such as difficult separation of catalysts from products, high energy consumption, corrosion equipment and environmental pollution.