The darts game Aces (also known as Ace) is fun to play with a friend, and the game also help to improve your accuracy.

Aim / Object of the Game: Is for any player/s to hit a specific number (determined by another player) as many times as possible and accumulate as many points as possible in each turn of throwing 3 darts . The amount of games to be played can be determined by the player/s. A good guideline is to play 3 – 5 games where the players determine the numbers to throw for each other, and then both players throw for bull, after which the points are added to see who is the winner.

The scoring works in the following manner:

Single segments    =    1 Point
Double segments    =    2 Points
Treble segments    =    3 Points
Single Bull    =    4 Points
Double Bull    =    6 Points
Playing the Game

Player one: Throws any number on the dartboard with his/her least accurate hand (if you normally throw with your right hand then use your left hand or vice versa). If the player hits the outside number ring or throw out of bounds, that dart must be re-thrown. Let’s assume player one hits the number "13" with the 1st dart, number "20" with the 2nd dart and number "6" with the 3rd dart. Write the numbers 13, 20, 6 and "B" (bull) down (in that order), below the name of player two.

Player two: Does the same. S/he also throws 3 darts at any number/s on the dartboard with his/her least accurate hand. Let’s assume player two hits the number "1" with the 1st dart, number "10" with the 2nd dart and treble "3" with the 3rd dart. Write the numbers 1, 10, 3 and "B" down (in that order), below the name of player one.
Player one: Player one now throws 3 darts at number "13", trying to accumulate as much score as possible. For every single “13” hit s/he will score 1 point, every double "13" hit 2 points, and every treble (trip/le) "13" hit 3 points. After 3 darts, count the score and record the points scored next to the number "13" below the name of player one.

Player two: Player two now throws 3 darts at number "1", trying to accumulate as much score as possible. For every single "1" hit s/he will score 1 point, every double "1" hit 2 points, and every treble (trip/le) "1" hit 3 points. After 3 darts, count the score and record the points scored next to the number "1" below the name of player two.

Player one: Player one will now do the same for the other two numbers, (20 and 6) written below his name. Last but not least player one will throw 3 darts at the Bull but this time, s/he will score 4 points for every single bull hit and 6 points for every double bull (inner bull) hit next to the "B" written below his/her name.

Player two: Will do the same for the other two numbers, (10 and 3) plus the Bull written below his name.

After both players have thrown 3 darts at each of their 3 numbers and the bull,(Player one: 1, 10, 4 and Bull -and- Player two: 13, 20, 6 and Bull ), it is time to count the total points accumulated (scored) to determine who is the winner and the player with the most points is / can be crowned as the winner.

Side Note:

You can vary the game by throwing either 4, 5 or 6 numbers each and then the bull before you count up the total points.

A game can consist of throwing at one or two numbers and then bull, and another one or two numbers then bull. You can change it as you like, decide for yourself what is more fun at that point in time.

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Due to its high density and excellent absorption radiation, tungsten alloy can be used to produced into tungsten radiation detector. Nuclear radiation is not easy to quantify properly. Tungsten radiation detection is always a multi-step, highly indirect process. For example, in a scintillation detector, incident radiation excites a florescence material that de-excites by emitting photons of light. The light is focused onto the photocathode of a photomultiplier tube that triggers an electron avalanche. The electron shower produces an electrical pulse that activates a meter read by the operator. Not surprisingly, the quantitative relationship between the amount of radiation actually emitted and the reading on the meter is a complex function of many factors -- factors that may only be controlled within a laboratory.

Picture below shows tungsten alloy material to produce radiation detector.

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Due to its high density and atomic mass, tungsten alloy exhibits excellent absorption behaviour against electromagnetic radiation such as X-rays and gamma-radiation.A thin layer of tungsten alloy can be used on the inside surface of a cylindrical cathode to give a tungsten Geiger-Mueller counter having high sensitivity and outstanding resistance to the halogen gas. Furthermore, it is surprising and unexpected that the tungsten alloy layer can be applied to the interior of a cylindrical cathode as a thin tungsten alloy foil thus omitting the necessity of electrodepositing the layer on the interior surface.

Tungsten radiation detection and measuring instrument. It consists of a tungsten gas-filled tube containing electrodes, between which there is an electrical voltage, but no current flowing. When ionizing radiation passes through and ionizes the gas within the tube a short, intense pulse of current passes from the negative electrode to the positive electrode and is measured or counted. The number of pulses per secondi an indication of the rate at which ionizing events are occurring within tungsten tube. It was named for Hans Geiger and W. Mueller, who invented it in the 1920s.It is sometimes called simply a Geiger counter or a G-M counter, and is the most commonly used portable radiation instrument.

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Using impregnation method to produce zirconium tungstate, there are the producing processes as follow:
1.Taking a amount of ZrOCl2 • 8H20 dissolve in an appropriate amount of deionized water, and then drop ammonia to form hydrogel, to adjust the PH value of 9.0.
2.After place hydrogel at room temperature for 12h suction filtered and then using deionized water washed the precipitate until no chlorine ions. The filter cake was then soaked in ethanol and alcoholization in the oven for 12h, after cooling to room temperature then taken out, filtered to remove residual ethanol, dried at 383K, finely ground to obtain a white powdery zirconium hydroxide carrier.
3. The resulting Zr(OH) 4 precursors are impregnated by the following three ways to obtain catalyst:
(1) Preparation a small amount of ammonium metatungstate solution to soak irconium hydroxide powder with stirring to make them thoroughly mixed, dried and calcined at different temperatures to prepare a catalyst, referred to as WZH(A).
(2)The zirconium hydroxide powder was immersed in ammonium metatungstate solution, dried and distilled off the water at different firing temperatures, to prepare a catalyst referred to as WZH(B).
(3) The processes is similar to(2), but change ammonium metatungstate solution to ammonium tungstate solution, to prepare a catalyst referred to as WZH(C).

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Zirconium tungstate is a green light powder. Chemical formula of zirconium tungstate is ZrW2O8 and the molecular weight is 586.9. Its relativity system numbers are as follows: CAS number: 16853-74-0, MDL number: MFCD00168096, EINECS number: 240-876-3. It is stable at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, but should to avoid the light, flame and heat. Besides, it can be sealed and stored in tight, dry and airy place where away from light. Although ZrW2O8 to water is not harmful, but if there is no relevant government license, the material can not discharged into the surrounding environment. There are many ways for produce zirconium tungstate such as impregnation method, oxide direct synthesis method, co-precipitation method, combustion method, sol-gel method, spray drying method and hydrothermal synthesis method and so on.
Zirconium tungstate as raw materials are mainly used in engineering ceramics, electronic ceramics, metal matrix composites, ceramic matrix composites, cement-based composite materials, the optical devices, dental materials. In addition, because the unique cubic crystal structure of zirconium tungstate it can as the negative thermal expansion material which has been widespread concern.

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Mineralogical examinations were performed to characterize the formation of secondary minerals of tungsten ore and natural removal process of dissolved As and trace metals (Pb, Zn and Cu) from sulfide oxidation. Laboratory-based leaching tests were also conducted to determine whether the concentrations of As and trace metals in the leachates from waste-rock materials and contaminated soil could be affected by the presence acids such as acid rainwater or acid mine drainage. Waste-rock materials and contaminated soil were compared by 4-day leaching tests using HNO3 solutions of increasing acidity (0.00001–0.1 mole/L). Mineralogical studies of the waste rocks confirmed the presence of Fe-(oxy)hydroxides (e.g. goethite), jarosite, elemental S, Fe-sulfates, amorphous Fe–As phases, anglesite and covellite as secondary minerals. These secondary minerals act as mineralogical scavengers of dissolved trace metals, View the MathML source and acidity released by sulfide oxidation. Arsenic was attenuated by the adsorption on Fe-(oxy)hydroxides and/or the formation of an amorphous Fe–As phase, with a Fe/As ratio = 1 (maybe scorodite: FeAsO4 · 2H2O). Electron probe microanalyses data showed that the Fe-(oxy)hydroxides had high concentrations of Pb (up to 21 wt%), with appreciable amounts of As (up to 7.7 wt%), Zn (up to 4.6 wt%) and Cu (up to 2.5 wt%) indicating that dissolved metals were co-precipitated and adsorbed onto Fe-(oxy)hydroxides, Fe(Mn)-hydroxides and Fe-sulfates.

The results of the leaching experiments within the pH-range 3.5–5.0 indicated that acidic rainstorms may leach minor amounts of Pb (ca. 1.7–4.0% of total), Zn (ca. 0.8–2.2% of total), Cu (ca. 0.0–0.2% of total) and As (ca. 0.02–0.1% of total) from waste rocks, including the dissolution of soluble secondary minerals previously formed during prolonged dry periods, while dissolution of these elements was negligible from the contaminated soil. In the pH-range 1.0–3.0, the leaching of Pb (ca. 2.4–31% of total) and As (ca. 0.1–5.8% of total) from the waste rocks was significant, which could influence the concentration of these metals in mine runoff. Strongly acidic solutions may also appreciably dissolve Zn (0.0–48% of total) and Cu (0.0–34% of total) in contaminated soil. Leach tests showed that the formation of less soluble secondary minerals had high retention of As, Pb, Zn and Cu, unless their solubilities were increased after the addition of strongly acidic solutions (pH of below 2.0). The precipitation of secondary minerals and the adsorption of trace metals are efficient mechanisms for decreasing the mobilities of As and other trace metals in the surface environment.

 

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Tungsten mine waste mud (TMWM) was investigated for its potential use as repair material of ordinary portland cement (OPC) concrete. Bond strength between OPC concrete substrate and three repair materials was analysed. TMWM geopolymeric binder and two commercial repair products were used as repair materials. Bond strength behaviour was assessed from slant shear tests. A total of 128 slant shear specimens were made in order to evaluate bond strength at 1, 3, 7 and 28 days curing. Four kinds of concrete substrate surface treatment were used, as cast against metallic formwork, as cast against wood formwork, saw cut and acid etching. This study indicates that TMWM geopolymeric binders possess very high bond strength even at early ages and that behaviour is not affected by low surface treatment roughness. Commercial repair products on the other hand show very low bond strength and are very dependent on surface treatment roughness. Scanning electron micrographs reveal that TMWM geopolymeric binders chemically bond to the concrete substrate, while cost comparisons show this geopolymeric repair solution is by far the most cost efficient.

 

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This paper presents the feasibility of incorporating tailings from tungsten mine waste (TTMW) and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GBFS) in the development of mortar with acceptable properties. TTMW has been accumulating for several decades in Sangdong, a region in Korea, and there is a growing demand for alternative uses for this hazardous substance. In particular, the use must be in accordance with the hazardous materials stipulations under the Korean waste control act. This study showed that TTMW presented pH of 8.0–9.3, 18.7–22.0% of water content, 2.6% of maximum ignition loss and 10–30 μm of average particle size. The chemical composition of TTMW showed minute differences from each depth of sampling that represented approximately 50% of SiO2 and 13% of both Al2O3and Fe2O3. The chemical composition of Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb from mortar incorporating TTMW showed lower levels of hazardous materials which met the specifications of the waste control act in Korea. The TTMW-mortar also appeared very effective for stabilizing/solidifying heavy metals particularly when used in conjunction with GBFS. The study showed that increasing the TTMW content in mortar mixes decreased both flowability and compressive strength. However, the flow value was improved somewhat when GBFS was added. Overall, the investigation suggests that mortar with acceptable properties can be developed using moderate volumes of TTMW (up to 10% by mass).

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Tungsten mine waste mud (TMWM) geopolymeric binder is a new cementitious material with a very high early age strength. It is obtained from dehydroxylated mine waste powder mix with minor quantities of calcium hydroxide and activated with NaOH and water-glass solutions. Tests on properties of TMWM binders such as workability, setting time, unrestrained shrinkage, water absorption and static modulus of elasticity were carried out and the results are reported in this paper. This is followed by comparisons with literature related data and a discussion about it. The results showed that current devices use to assess OPC fresh properties are not recommended to evaluate TMWM binders. It has also been found that traditional procedures used to evaluate unrestrained shrinkage may be responsible for misleading results when using those new binders. Water absorption data shows that TMWM has a very compacted structure. Results concerning the static modulus of elasticity are similar to the ones obtained by other authors. However the hypothesis related to modulus of elasticity decrease due to the use of high Al/Si alkali activated mixtures was not confirmed.

 

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A dart board looks like a target with the bull's-eye at the center of the target. Rules and point values vary depending on the type of tungsten dart game you are playing; most dart games require that players hit the bull's-eye. Hitting the bull's-eye in tungsten dart game requires a keen eye and a steady hand. Similar to other recreational sports, tungsten darts requires practice to become a consistent and better player.

Instructions
1. Stand at the designated line a specific distance away from the dart board. Moving in front of this line may disqualify the throw.
2. Place three or more fingers around the tungsten dart and aim it toward the circle in the middle of the dart board. The center circle is known as a double bull's-eye; in most games it's worth 50 points. The ring around the center circle is known as a single bull's-eye and is usually worth 25 points.
3. Stand with your dominant side facing the target. For example, if you are right-handed, stand with your right side facing the target; your left side should face the target if you're left-handed.
4. Lean slightly forward to be closer to the target, maintaining balance which helps with accuracy.
5. Line up the tungsten dart with your eye and the bull's-eye. Bring up the elbow so it's perpendicular to the ground.
6. Keep your body still and throw the tungsten dart toward the dart board from your elbow, extending the arm toward the target.
7. Practice the throw until you become comfortable with it and are consistently hitting the bull's-eye or close to it.

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