Isopropyl Alcohol's Widespread Applications
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- Category: Tungsten's News
- Published on Wednesday, 03 February 2016 18:04
- Written by xinyi
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IPA ,also known as isopropyl alcohol, is used as a low-cost solvent in many industrial and consumer products, it is also used as the extraction agent. According to the European Solvents Industry Group (ESIG) analysis, in 2001 in Europe, the demand of intermediate accounted for 32% of IPA consumption, 14% as anti-icers, 13% for coatings and resins, 9% for medicine , 4% for food, 3% for inks and adhesives. It is also used as solvent for oil and gum, and the preparation of fish feed concentrate.
Low-grade IPA can be used as vehicle fuel. the amount of IPA used as raw materials of acetone in production declines. There are several compounds synthesized by the IPA, the main compounds is methyl isobutyl ketone and many esters. The general purity of Anhydrous IPA is 99%, the premium (used for making perfume and medicine) IPA purity is greater than 99.8%.
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Production Technology of Isopropyl Alcohol
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- Category: Tungsten's News
- Published on Wednesday, 03 February 2016 18:01
- Written by xinyi
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Production Technology
There are two kinds of commercial process of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) preparation, which both use propylene as raw materials. The older method using refinery grade propylene and sulfuric acid catalyst indirect dehydration to produce isopropyl sulfate, then use steam hydrolyzed into sulfuric acid and IPA, crude IPA was purified by distillation. Newer chemical route is using chemical grade propylene (90% to 99%) to direct hydration, avoiding the use of sulfuric acid. Propylene and water through heating, the gas-liquid mixture into the trickle-bed reactor containing sulfonated polystyrene cation exchange resin under pressure.Also phosphoric acid catalyst by manipulation in a fixed bed reaction is carried out in the gas phase.
There is also a liquid line, using a soluble tungsten catalyst. IPA is obtained from the aqueous solution by distillation. Also a small amount of IPA from acetone hydrogenation in the liquid phase, but the process is only applicable to the excess acetone available place.
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High-Quality Low-Cost Single Tungsten Disulfide Realize a Large-Area Preparation II
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- Category: Tungsten's News
- Published on Tuesday, 02 February 2016 17:39
- Written by xinyi
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On this basis, they proposed the catalytic surface atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition method with gold as growth substrate,which achieved the high quality, single uniform and large-area films preparation of millimeter-sized WS2 single crystals. The study found that the catalytic activity of gold and low solubility of tungsten in gold ensure the growth of uniform monolayer high quality WS2 crystals. In the meanwhile, the electrochemical bubbling method may be applied in realization of WS2 high quality transfer without gold substrate damaging. The single WS2 obtained by this method has high crystalline quality, showing optical and electrical properties compared with the material prepared by mechanical exfoliation of the proposed.
In addition, the research proposed non-destructive method of roll-to-roll and electrochemical bubbling combination for transferring, which achieve a low-cost continuous transfer of large-area single WS2 film to flexible transparent substrate, which also realize the preparation of large-area flexible transparent WS2 monolayer’s thin films transistors array and the electrical properties is still not attenuated after being bent hundreds of times .
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Demand Capacity of Isopropyl Alcohol
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- Category: Tungsten's News
- Published on Wednesday, 03 February 2016 17:59
- Written by xinyi
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Demand and capacity
According to statistics, BP, Sasol and Shell's total production capacity of the European IPA was 424,010 tons in 2001, Western Europe sales was nearly 366,000 tons, and export 46,000 tons in 2001. Annual growth rate of Europe needs was 1% to 2%, it is expected that the growth will be higher in Central and Eastern Europe and Asia. IPA have a great potential for the production of derivatives, the growth of being used as a solvent is little or no.
The world's total production capacity is more than 2.42 million tons per year. Domo and Mitsui Chemicals built solvent (including IPA) combination unit of 80,000 tons per year in Germany Luna, and put into production in 2004.
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High-Quality Low-Cost Single Tungsten Disulfide Realize a Large-Area Preparation I
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- Category: Tungsten's News
- Published on Tuesday, 02 February 2016 17:35
- Written by xinyi
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The journal Nature Communications recently published online the results of the RenWencai study group of Institute of Metal Research, the research realize the low-cost and large-area preparation of high-quality uniform strict monolayer tungsten disulfide (WS2) single crystal and thin films, which laid the material foundation on the applications of its flexible electronic / optoelectronic devices and valley electronics and spin electronics field.
The researchers found that gold is the only metal that does not react with sulphur and generate sulfide at a high temperature and have a catalytic activity, which can effectively reduce the barrier of tungsten trioxide vulcanization process, and tungsten atoms in gold have a extremely low solubility at high temperature.
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