Illegal Dumping Jailed in Yunnan, WO3 Photocatalyst Degrades Landfill Leachate

Not long ago, the first case of illegal dumping of landfill leachate and caused environmental pollution of Yunnan which has caused much concern has been adjudged; the defendant because of surrender and pleaded guilty with a good attitude, has jailed for 2 years and will respite for 2 years, also he was imposed a fine of 20,000 and do some service as a environment volunteer. It is reported that this case is because the defendant privately dumped his transportation of 29 cars which totaled 568.34 tons of pollutants into the environment, under the case of known the heavy metals, organic compounds should be transported to a special institution for professional treatment, and thus caused serious pollution to the surrounding environment. In this regard, the court verdict this case based on the principle of "spoiler repairs, polluter controls".

tungsten trioxide and landfill leachate
 
Landfill leachate is the high concentration of organic or inorganic ingredients liquid which generates from the landfill garbage piling up in the biochemical degradation process due to compaction, fermentation, etc., while in precipitation and groundwater seepage produces liquid comprising. In the biological pretreatment process, titanium dioxide photocatalyst has been used in the degradation of landfill leachate, and the experiments showed that this is a successful method for cleaning leachate. In addition, the experimental has derived the factors which influence photocatalytic oxidation process of landfill leachate, they are photocatalyst dosage, pH value, light intensity, illumination time and oxygen content dissolved in the water ect..
 
Tungsten trioxide (WO3), a yellow powder, the large number of it is used for the production of metal tungsten; in addition, WO3 has the property of semiconductor, with the band gap of 2.4eV ~ 2.8eV. WO3 as a photocatalyst can response to visible light, thus to fully use the solar energy, instead of relying on the ultraviolet light, such as titanium dioxide. Photocatalytic activity is a common decision of the ability of absorbing light, charge separation and the transferring efficiency to the substrate. WO3 has a wider spectral response capability, to this point of view, it should have a stronger catalytic oxidation than titanium dioxide, and can be used for landfill leachate degradation. In addition, studies have shown that yttrium (Y+) doped WO3 photocatalyst can improve the ability to absorb light, thus improve the photocatalytic activity of the system.

 

First "Botanical Garden" Sewage Treatment Plant Settled Shanghai, WO3 Photocatalyst Treats Industrial Waste Water

What is the sewage treatment plant looks like in your mind? Reinforced concrete sedimentation tanks, smelly, dirty, disorderly environment? No! The first "botanical garden" type sewage treatment plant will start to build and put into operation! Recently, it is reported that a "botanical garden" type sewage treatment plant has been built in the coast of Wu Song Shanghai, which introduced more than 3,000 species of plants and microorganisms, such as Datura flowers, Periwinkle, European alder, Canna, and is expected to be operational next year; by then , this botanical garden which uses the food chain reactor sewage treatment technology can not only improve the urban environment, but also can handle more than 40,000 cubic meters of polluted water for the urban residents every day.

nano photocatalyst network and botanical garden sewage treatment plant
 
Wet air oxidation method is proved to be an effective wastewater treatment technology, and already has been used in a large number of organic or polluted water containing toxic chemicals which the conventional biological treatment methods are not very effective; however, the strict reaction conditions cause the very expensive equipment and transportation costs, and therefore this method is rarely used in the treatment of organic industrial waste water. There has been a lot of research work on photocatalysis for the terms of general organic waste water treatment, foreign countries have large-scale photocatalytic degradation of organic wastewater and deeply processing experiments of drinking water, and furthermore Europe has been conducting experiments on photocatalytic purification of the river.
 
Tungsten trioxide (WO3) is the most common form of tungsten oxide, which is produced by controlling the appropriate reaction conditions, has the properties of electrochromic, gas sensitivity, semiconductor and so on. As one of semiconductor photocatalysts, WO3 can be used for the photocatalytic degradation of organic, dye and papermaking waste water; also it can be used to deal with inorganic pollution and inorganic synthesis; at the same time, it also plays an excellent effect on the photocatalytic decomposition of water to produce hydrogen. In addition, WO3photocatalyst plays an effective role in the treatment of organic phosphorus pesticide, dye wool and chlorinated organic compounds waste water ect..

 

Price Trend of Tungsten in July, 2016

According to the analysis of tungsten market these months, the price of tungsten is going up and down, and it is expected that the trend in July is also in low level.

The world economy is under a downturn circumstance, demand of tungsten is going through the same situation. This year, its price has hit the bottom line as tungsten concentrate to be 57,000RMB/TON. After several government’s stimulus activities, such as State Reserve Purchasing and Storage Tungsten Plan, Main Tungsten Companies’ Meetings, the price has been going up until end May. Even the third Meeting of China Tungsten Industry Association and main suppliers had also held a meeting in Jun, but there seems no increasing after this meeting. As the opposite side, the price is going down and down, and the trend will continue in July.

tungsten ore and rod

Actually, the price of 57,000RMB/TON for the tungsten concentrate has beyond the manufacturers’ cost, and that is why most of the manufacturers are only opening for a basic salary support and equipments operations, but do not eager to larger the production volume. Even at such opening status, the stock size is still in thousand tons. A Jiangxi Company shows its stock as 400tons concentrate. In order to keep the price level in 75,000RMB/TON, the eight Largest Tungsten Suppliers has limited its production volume, with a hope that the market will be brighter.

As consumption productions, in fact, tungsten has also got a seasonal time, which is July and August. Europe and America have been two large tungsten users, most of factories are tend to being vacation to escape from such hot whether and high temperature. As a result, the purchasing in these two months will be obviously decreasing.

Less purchasing, but larger stock, tungsten price is expected to stay in a low level. Conversely, when the price decreases to a bottom level, stays and go up rapidly as a trend. Tungsten is a mysterious but significant material. No matter the price is, its strategic position is never changed. Down trend of raw material will lead to a finished products price declining, including tungsten bar, tungsten electrode, ect. Therefore, the price of tungsten finished products in July is still not so positive.

 

6.5 Million Die for Air Pollution Yearly, Tungsten Trioxide Desulfurization Catalyst Experts on Haze Governance

June 27th, the International Energy Agency (referred to as the IEA) issued a thought-provoking report that air pollution has led to a major public health crisis, and resulted in about 6.5 million deaths each year, also said that "a lot of the root causes and solutions" of the energy industry on air pollution has been found. It is reported that this is the Paris-based energy security agency first study of air pollution, and will continue to expand their mandate. Facing with the current very urgent situation of global climate change, as well as India and other countries have become major energy consumer and pollution countries in the world, the International Energy Agency decided to re-adjust its strategy. In April this year, New Delhi, the Indian capital has been reported to become the world's worst area of haze, which caught up with China, and furthermore its air pollution level is continuously deteriorating.

tungsten trioxide and desulfurization tower
 
Recently, the latest research of the Beijing University showed that the residents using coal is the main source of haze; data showed that in Beijing, home energy use accounts for only 18% of total energy used, but it caused 50% of the black carbon particulate and 69% organic carbon particulate emission; in addition, because of the low combustion efficiency and the lack of flue gas treatment equipments, the residents source emissions have make an important contribution to the concentrations of primary particulate matter and sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere.
 
Flue gas desulfurization tower is commonly used in industrial flue gas treatment apparatus, and desulfurization catalyst is required in the desulfurization process, which  plays a catalytic role within a certain range of pH values. Tungsten trioxide (WO3) is one of tungsten (VI) oxides, the important intermediate form from the industry of tungsten ore to tungsten, which is mainly used for making metal tungsten; at the same time, due to its properties, it is also often used for the preparation of denitrification and desulfurization catalyst. Tungsten trioxide as a main active material is uniformly dispersed on the desulfurization catalyst, to play the role of reducing the activation energy of desulfurization reaction; moreover, since the tungsten trioxide can alleviate sulfide poisoning of the catalyst and increase the anti-sintering capacity of the carrier, in the respects of improving activity, desulfurization efficiency of the catalyst, it also plays an extremely important role.

 

Tungsten Oxide Industry Analysis and Outlook 2016-2023

Tungsten Oxide Market: Emerging Applications and Drivers
Tungsten oxide has several everyday uses. It is used in the manufacture of tungstates for fireproofing fabrics, for x-ray screen phosphors, and in gas sensors. Tungsten trioxide is also used as a pigment in coatings, paints, and ceramics due to its rich yellow color. In addition, tungsten trioxide has also proven useful in the production of smart windows or electro chromic windows. Smart windows are essentially electrically switchable glass that can alter its light transmission properties when a certain voltage is applied. This allows the user to obtain the desired level of tint on their windows by deciding how much light they want passing through.

The growth in end user industries is expected to increase consumption of tungsten oxide. The growth in medical and firefighting industry is set to drive the tungsten oxide market. In addition, rising consumption of semi-conducting compounds in emerging economies of Asia Pacific and Latin America is expected to boost demand for tungsten oxide. However, availability of substitutes and fluctuating raw material prices could hamper the growth of the market.

Tungsten Oxide

Tungsten Oxide Market: Regional Dynamics
Growth in tungsten oxide demand is expected to be led by the Asia Pacific market, particularly China which accounted for majority of consumption in 2013. Major manufacturers of tungsten compounds are relocating their production facilities to China due to availability of cheap labor, infrastructure and attractive government policies. Republic of Korea, India, Vietnam, Malaysia, Cambodia, Australia, New Zealand and Sri Lanka are other major consumers of tungsten oxide in Asia Pacific. North America and Europe are mature markets and expected to experience moderate growth.

 

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