Adjust and optimize the national strategy of rare earth Thoughts and Suggestions

Rare is known as the "industrial MSG ," even as the " 21st century gold" , "mother of the new material" , has an important economic value and strategic value. Rare excellent with rich light, electricity, magnetism , superconductivity , catalytic properties, are widely used in advanced technology areas ( such as new energy , defense and military ) , is a strategic non-renewable resources . Almost everywhere in the application of rare earth elements , which have broad and important applications in all aspects of energy, information, environmental protection , health, agriculture and defense , involving all aspects of modern life. In particular, their optical , magnetic properties have been widely used in today's new materials, new technology, currently containing rare earth functional materials has reached more than 50 categories, therefore , was hailed as a rare treasure trove of new century high-tech and functional materials It can be said rare earth has become a modern high-tech industry and an important international competition strategic resources . Rare , especially in foreign countries is important for the military , which is greatly improved tactical performance leap for the manufacture of tanks, planes, missiles, steel, magnesium alloys, titanium alloys , rare earth science and technology to bring about a qualitative military technology . If Patriot "missiles able to easily destroy " Scud "missiles , is due to the" Patriot " guidance system used in about 4 kg of samarium cobalt magnets and NdFeB magnets for the missiles, the United States no not all the modern stealth fighter using new materials containing rare earths . Also learned that Toyota and GM will launch an electric motor car using rare earth elements in the next year . With the understanding of the special nature of the rare earth elements and found that every 3 to 5 years , you will find a new use of rare earth.

Data shows that in today's world every 5 invention patents will have a relevant and rare earths . As countries seek to reduce fossil fuel use in the coming decades , the rare earth market is destined to grow geometrically rendered . Important strategic position of rare earth resources in the international competition in high-tech industries based status quo of China's rare earth resources development , in particular made ​​the following observations and recommendations on the adjustment of China's rare earth resources in the national strategy to upgrade.

A defect status and rare earth resources of national strategies

The status quo of China's rare earth resources, there have been some chaos , rare earth resources in the national strategy to face a lot of confusion in the process of socio-economic development , the government's decision in a dilemma .

1, the status quo of China 's rare earth resources protection

China 's rare earth reserves was 71.1% of the world, but in 2012 the State Council Information Office published " China 's rare earth conditions and policies ," White Paper , China's rare earth reserves account for about 23% of the world's total reserves. Among just three decades of reform and opening up , our country has been betrayed 48.10% rare earth reserves , at current production rates , China 's medium and heavy rare earth reserves only class for 15 to 20 years , there may need to be imported . The strategy for the protection of rare earth resources and the resource advantages into economic advantages , for many years the Chinese government has implemented a series of rare earth resources, control measures , and achieved certain results at the same time , there are still many problems.

2 , the presence of rare earth resources in the national strategic issues

Country had to account for 71.1 per cent of the world's rare earths proud , while only 23% down to the current reserves , we should feel tremendous guilt and deep remorse , " Why did not we Chinese people to protect and make good fathers to stay wealth and resources ? " Every one of our government and the Chinese people should be traced to recognize their deficiencies , changing strategic thinking and decision making. My analysis for the following reasons :

( 1 ) people 's awareness of rare earth resources, weak. October 2010 , U.S. energy policy analyst Mark Humphrey Adams entitled to submit to Congress . " Rare earth elements : the global supply chain ," the report lists the relevant statistics in 2009 , in which China 's rare earth reserves 36,000,000 tons, accounting for 36% of world output 120,000 tons , accounting for 97% of the world ; Russian reserves of 19 million tons , accounting for 19% of the world ; U.S. reserves of 13 million tons , accounting for 13% of the world ; Australia's reserves of 5.4 million tons , accounting for 5 % of the world ; India's reserves of 310 million tons, accounting for 3% of the world production of 2,700 tons , accounting for 2% of the world . In addition to China , the country 's rare earth production are above zero, zero mining in the state . China 30 percent of global reserves , supply more than 95% of global demand , known as " cabbage price of gold sold ." Due to the low price of Chinese rare earth , from the 1985 United States willing to shut down its rare earth mine , all imported from China ; Japan imports a lot of Chinese rare earth hoarding. Tracing the source of these problems is the Chinese people for too little attention to the importance of rare earth , rare earth resources in a more conscious awareness weak ; Also, nowadays people in front of a small collective interests or the pursuit of economic interests above the national interest or the long-term interests .

( 2 ) rare earth resources vicious competition the consequences . China 's exports of rare earths in the world, rare earth separating enterprises across the country reached more than 30 million tons of production capacity , and market demand only between 120,000 to 150,000 tons , of which about 30,000 international market demand to 5 million tons, domestic demand around 70,000 ~ 80,000 tons , as a demonstration of China's rare earth more serious overcapacity . From 1990 to 2005 , Chinese exports of rare earths grew nearly 10 times , but the average price has dropped to half in 1990 when . The main reason is management control , in 1998 China Rare Earth strict implementation of the quota system in 2006 , China has implemented the total rare earth mining control and management. In 2008, the state issued the "National Mineral Resources" , the market for rare earths play a role in curbing the chaos , but the situation has not changed fundamentally , the relevant data show that the annual export and smuggling of rare earth disguised about 20,000 to 30,000 tons .

Not only that , with a substantial increase significantly the quality and performance of other rare earth products, but was a " cabbage price" exported to foreign countries, according to industry sources , domestic and foreign prices of rare earth metals are worlds apart , the above table neodymium offer price 440-450 yuan / kg, while imported metal neodymium is more than 20 million / kg, equivalent to 200 yuan / gram , which contains only 10% of the tariff , that is 180 yuan / gram its international market price, equivalent to the domestic price of 409-400 times , a large disparity in the difference , so people whom surprised ! National resources so betrayed deplorable ! Therefore, the market and the mining of rare earth appeared chaos , which is quite unfavorable national strategic interests , the Chinese government must be remediation.

New issues ( 3 ) under the quota system . The Chinese government today on a certain understanding of rare earth resources , the implementation of a rare earth export quota management . Commerce Department in 2013 has released two batches of rare earth export quotas , which is 27,384 tons of light rare earths , heavy rare earth 3,617 tons , two batches totaling 31,001 tons . Such a move on the domestic rare earth exports to curb chaos played a certain role , but the emergence of new problems. Although exports of rare earth materials is strictly limited , but the purchase of raw materials in China rare earth primary products are not subject to quota restrictions , so some companies in developed countries began large-scale investment in China 's rare earth resources area factories . At present , companies in developed countries the United States , Germany, Japan , etc., have invested in China 's rare earth industry , has owned , 38 joint ventures , investment amounting to 6.1 billion yuan , they only simple processing of rare earth resources in primary products will be shipped abroad processing or reserves , so China's rare earth resources gravitropism changed beyond quota exports. Foreign investment in the country through this drill a factory law loopholes and other ways , the success of the escape of rare earth export quotas be predatory exploitation of rare earth resources , this phenomenon has seriously affected the normal development of rare earth industry.

( 4 ) mining of rare earth damaging to the environment. Beijing Nonferrous Metal Research Institute , Professor Huang Xiaowei , entitled " Clean and efficient extraction of China 's rare earth resources and the use of loops " that produce 1 ton of ionic rare earth ore consumption of 4 to 5 tons of ammonium sulfate , 1.7 tons of ammonium bicarbonate ; separation 1 ton Southern ionic rare earth ore consumption 8 to 10 tons of hydrochloric acid , liquid alkali 6 to 8 tons or 1 to 1.2 tons of liquid ammonia , etc., these chemical raw materials eventually transformed into waste water, waste or exhaust , are not effective recycling. In addition , Baotou mines and Sichuan Bastnasite contains 7% to 8 % of the fluoride , 0.2% thorium are not recycled into waste , waste gas or waste water , pollution of the environment .

Ganzhou rare earth mining began in the 1970s . Tank leaching process once used to be known as the " move mountains " campaign went mountain of vegetation have suffered great damage , but a lot of waste leaching, acid precipitation and other processes to produce rich ammonia , heavy metals and other pollutants, serious pollution drinking water and agricultural irrigation water . Some experts believe that , in fact, in order to pool leaching process , for example, every ton of mined rare earth, to destroy 200 square meters of vegetation , topsoil stripping 300 square meters , resulting in 2,000 cubic meters of tailings , resulting in 1,200 cubic meters of soil erosion annually. So in the rare earth industry " after rare barren " argument. April 16, 2012 , 42 ministries and national research group to form a coalition after Ganzhou research , forming an environmental report . The report shows that rare earth mining pollution across 18 counties in Ganzhou ( cities, districts ) , involving 302 rare earth mines abandoned legacy tailings ( waste ) reached 191 million tons , destroyed an area of ​​97.34 square kilometers of forest .

Huge funding gap has become a serious challenge facing the rare earth industry environmental governance . Deputy Minister of Industry and Information Technology Ministry , said Su Bo , the consideration paid for Chinese rare earth mining shocking , preliminary estimates, environmental pollution is only one place because Ganzhou rare earth mining caused environmental restoration governance costs as high as 38 billion yuan . In contrast, the 51 rare earth enterprises in Jiangxi Province in 2011 full-year profit of $ 6.4 billion seems inadequate. And this is just the rare earth environmental pollution problems " tip of the iceberg ." Su Bo said that the current private mining of rare earth digging , waste of resources, the situation is still rampant smuggling and other state-owned enterprises tons of rare earth mining recovery rate of only 60% , a large private enterprise recovery of only 40 %, and some private mining or digging mines only 5% of rare earth resources is a lot of waste , and thus lead to huge environmental problems. According to the ministry sources, said the North 's leading rare earth Baotou Steel Rare Earth , its environmental audit has not yet been reached. Baogang Group Bayan Obo ore , iron ore , and a large number of rare symbiosis, which in the mining of iron ore , rare earth -containing byproducts temporarily unable to use it with the waste transported through the pipeline to the tailings accumulation , over time, formed the current capacity of 170 million tons of "rare earth lake ."

Rare Experts杨万喜said that, in order to measure the current rare earth prices , although up to ten million ton , dozens or even hundreds of million yuan , but it is far smaller than the cost of environmental restoration , and in the long run is worth the candle. "Right now, the biggest bottleneck of rare earth mining is not reasonably deal with sediment and wastewater is discharged abandoned . "Gannan local cadres Li Hui Yang said. Acidic substance used to extract rare earth elements will eventually flow into the water carrying sediment qingjian and rivers, polluting nearby , has a direct threat to those Montagnards living farming for generations . CHEN Yu-guo villager said, " We can not have what ground planted . "This is private mining of rare earth indiscriminate digging behavior on the ecological environment is difficult to erase the pain .


Rare Earth Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.chinatungsten.com
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com
Tungsten & Molybdenum Information Bank: http://i.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, 3G Version: http://3g.chinatungsten.com
Molybdenum News & Molybdenum Price: http://news.molybdenum.com.cn

• < Prev
• Next >