Saudi to Build Integrated Power Plant and to Use Tungsten as Solar Material

According to the office Saudi Press Agent(SPA)reported that Saudi Electricity Company (SEC) invested 980 billion dollars to build combined cycle powder plant on Wadd Al Shamal. The total installed capacity of this plant is 1395MW and solar powder installed capacity is 50MW. This combined cycle powder plant is expected to finish in 2018. Because this plant can generate electricity of by solar powder so the the plant can save 4 million barrels of oil during the whole project life cycle. The chief executive officer of SEC Al-Shiha indicated that the solar panels will outsource to third parties.
Tungsten material as new solar material not only can use for solar panels production but also can use in other solar power fields which gets more and more attention. For example, tungsten diselenide (WSe2) can apply in produce fine and flexible solar cells and so on. 
The scientist of Massachusetts Institute of Technology developed a kind of sunshine capture. The inside of capture cover a fine layer tungsten which experienced a series of complex processes. The side which face to the sun cover with small concave holes on the surface and this small concave holes play an important role of capture the light of sun. When this equipment set up already and make this small concave holes face to the sun, a lot of incident ray will through this concave holes get into bottom and absorb by tungsten.
On the other hand, many researchers insisted that WSe2 is more suitable than graphene to develop solar cells. Because the main structure of WSe2 is Se atom on the up and down layer and mid layer makes up by tungsten atom. This structure is similar with graphene and it can absorb lights as well. Besides the absorbed light can use for generate electricity. Using WSe2 to produce a kind of film. This film not only fine but also thin about 95% light can penetrate. But the rest of 5% light will absorb by material and turn into electricity. So intestine efficiency of this film si quite high if multiple thin layer accumulation to each other so a lot of incident ray can be more efficiently use.  
Tungsten-New Solar Materials

 

High Costing of Tungsten Raw Material, Ferro Tungsten Continues to Go up

Tungsten market quotation: at the early time oversea ferro tungsten price has been grow up with small range and in China, tungsten concentrate raw material price is strength and production costing is high so the price of ferro tungsten continues to go up. The quoted price of 70 ferro tungsten is above 11,000.00 RMB. 
The average price of mainly series tungsten products: wolframite concentrate (content ≥65%): 66,000.00 RMB/ton; scheelite concentrate (content ≥65%): 64,000.00 RMB/ton; ammonium paretungstate (content ≥88.5%): 100,000.00 RMB/ton, export price:220.00 $/mtu; tungsten powder (content ≥99.95%): 162.00 RMB/kg, export price: 24.00 $/kg; tungsten carbide powder (content ≥99.7%): 160.00 RMB/kg, export price:23.00 $/kg; tungsten bar (content ≥99.95%): 215.00 RMB/kg, export price: 34.22 $/kg.
Chinatungsten molybdenum and tungsten series products’ price: copper plating (W72): specification: 175×35×4, price:108 RMB for one; cemented carbide rod (YG10X): specification: φ3×330, price: 15.6 RMB for one; molybdenum sheet (content 99.95%): specification: 400×250×0.5, price: 218.5 RMB for piece; tungsten electrode (content 99.95%): specification: φ2.4×175, price: 6.957 RMB for one; tungsten alloy rod (content 90%): φ18×90, price: 150.00 RMB for one; tungsten billet (content 90%): φ7.15×54.6, price:31.00 RMB for one; sodium tungstate (content 68.5%): price: 88,000.00 RMB/ton.
On the other hand, at the present, there is hard to buy tungsten concentrate raw material. The production of APT is not too much but still can satisfy market requirement. So under this situation it is hard to support APT price grow up. The quoted price of APT is at 96,000.00 RMB/ton. 
tungsten, ferro tungsten 
At the early time oversea ferro tungsten price has been grow up with small range and in China, tungsten concentrate raw material price is strength and production costing is high so the price of ferro tungsten continues to go up.

tungsten ore

 

Tungsten alloy is superior material for Dongfeng-15C penetrating missile

Tungsten alloy penetratorsTungsten alloy penetrators

It is said that China has officially equipped the first type of to-ground missile, so-called Dongfeng-15C penetrating missile, which has an ahead of 2500 mm length, 500mm diameter and more than 500KG unit weight. Its hitting accuracy reaches 30000mm and its shooting range is 600KM. 

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Different Opinions of Tungsten Manufacturers, Tungsten Quoted Price Tends to Stable at Short Term

Tungsten market : at the present, many tungsten manufacturers have different opinions, although some big tungsten companies stick to hold the high quoted price of tungsten series products. However, some small tungsten factories indicated that tungsten afternoon market will not too bright to continue. Besides, they thought that after tungsten afternoon market upward trend there may turn down and to fall. So at the present market about tungsten series products quotation is in chaos condition and there is little transaction as well. The solicited quote of tungsten series products is tend to stable at the short term.
The average price of mainly tungsten series products: wolframite concentrate (content ≥65%): 66,000.00 RMB/ton; scheelite concentrate (content ≥65%): 64,000.00 RMB/ton; ammonium paretungstate (content ≥88.5%): 100,000.00 RMB/ton, export price:220.00 $/ton; tungsten powder (content ≥99.95%): 162.00 RMB/kg, export price: 24.00 $/kg; tungsten carbide powder (content ≥99.7%): 160.00 RMB/kg, export price:23.00 $/kg; tungsten bar (content ≥99.95%): 215.00 RMB/kg, export price: 34.22 $/kg.
As follow are our company series molybdenum and tungsten products’ price: copper plating (W72): specification: 175×35×4, price:108 RMB for one; cemented carbide rod (YG10X): specification: φ3×330, price: 15.6 RMB for one; molybdenum sheet (content 99.95%): specification: 400×250×0.5, price: 218.5 RMB for piece; tungsten electrode (content 99.95%): specification: φ2.4×175, price: 6.957 RMB for one; tungsten alloy rod (content 90%): φ18×90, price: 150.00 RMB for one; tungsten billet (content 90%): φ7.15×54.6, price:31.00 RMB for one.

 

Many Enterprises Continue to Restrict Sales, Tungsten Concentrate Market Price Goes up

tungstentungsten

Tungsten market : many big enterprises continue to restrict the sales of tungsten raw materials. Besides, many tungsten smelting factory even buy tungsten concentrate from foreign which make tungsten concentrate spot market has shortage of supply and the market price of tungsten concentrate is going up with small range. What’s more it will continue to going up with small increase. 

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Tungsten alloy could be used for small diameter bomb

The attack of small diameter bomb (50KG) has been completely showed on Dec. 18 with its perfect and precise aggressive ability, especially, having tungsten alloy core for armor-piercing to get a better deadly high-explosive to the armored targets on the ground more accurate.

Also tungsten alloy prefabricated fragments are widely used for military defense as its high hardness, good impact force, excellent ultimate tensile strength, etc. The current high chamber pressure prefabricated artillery fragments, are used in canister form, such as Switzerland, L70-type 40 mm grenade where overhead is filled with tungsten alloy spheres. Tungsten prefabricated fragments technology has been widely used on all types of warheads nowadays.

tungsten core

tungsten core

tungsten core

tungsten core

tungsten core

tungsten core

tungsten swaging rods

tungsten spheres

China APT Export Analysis

According to research data, in 1981 China export ammounium paratungstate (APT) to oversea only 264 ton. From 1985 to now, the export volume of APT have soared. In 1985, APT export volume up to 4,114 ton and the volume increased every year. In 1993 the export volume increased to 9,886t and in 1988 the export volume arrived to 17,731 ton. The reason that export volume of APT have soared up was due to China government operated financial support policy for APT export. In the ‘90th the APT export volume accounted for more than 50% on total tungsten products export volume. Form 1995 to 1997, the tungstate which gave priority with APT (include tungstic acid, tungsten trioxide, sodium tungstate, other tungsten oxide and tungsten hydroxide) export volume accounted for 83%, 87%, 79% of total tungsten series products’ export volume. On the other hand, the volume of foreign exchange earned by export of tungstate account for 85.7%, 81.1%, and 77.4% of total tungsten series products export volume. 
On the international market, China’s APT mainly sales to Japan, USA, Korea, Netherlands and followed sales to Germany, Sweden, Belgium, Argentina, Canada, India and other countries.
In the’ 80th, Japan has 10 mines for production so the self-sufficient rate of tungsten arrived at 30%. However, these mines also shut up after 1993 and to import the raw material of tungsten is the only choice for Japan tungsten industry development. China has produced a large amount of APT and the export price of it also inexpensive so China’s APT has became the main source for Japan tungsten industry. In 1983, Japan imported 18 ton APT from China. In 1991, imported 299 ton and the import volume of APT accounted for 77.7% of total tungsten products import volume. In 1995, Japan imported 4,651 ton APT and other chemical products which was the highest level in history and 97% import volume was form China. In 1997, Japan imported China’s APT 4,132 ton accounted for 28.3% of Chian tungsten products total export volume. Japan every year will consume more than 6,000 ton’s tungsten and every year the import volume of APT, tungsten trioxide and other intermediate products account for 61% of total tungsten series products. Besides, more than 60% raw material imported from China. Japan imports APT instead of tungsten concentrate not only can reduce production cost and pollution for purity and highly processed products production, but also can improve product’s additional value.
APT
 

RMB Join in SDR, Tungsten Market Expected to Get Better

On November 30th, International Monetary Fund (IMF) announced that the board approved RMB join in special drawing rights (SDR). And the new currency basket will take effect on October 1st 2016. At the same time, IMF will accordingly re-adjust the weights of currency basket. There are the re-adjusted weights of different currency basket: dollar accounted for 41.73%, Euro accounted for 10.92%, RMB accounted for 10.92%, yen accounted for 8.33%, and pound accounted for 8.09%.
Joining into SDR for China market integrate in global financial architecture is an importance step. On the other hand, IMF approved RMB to join SDR also indicated that IMF recognition and attention the achievement that these past year China has done in currency reform, financial system reform and other economic reform. RMB join into SDR not only increase the workability of RMB for investors, but also it is good for reduce the wights of dollar as the global reserve currency to accelerate RMB internationalization process. To accelerate RMB internationalization process can improve China import and export, trade, travel and other industry development. What’ more for depressed tungsten market has some extent relieved.
RMB join into SDR means RMB will be as currency of settlement. RMB as currency of settlement will improve China tungsten import and export market development. Because firstly, joining SDR, RMB as an international currency can as medium in international transaction which will reduce transaction chain, save transaction times, improving transaction efficiency. Secondly RMB as international currency not only improve the international standing of RMB, but also it will help RMB slow appreciation which is good for import and export trade. Last but not least, RMB join into SDR make RMB exchange rate more stable.
SDR
 
 

Tungsten Market Price Going Up, Priority to Stabilize Recently

Tungsten series market quotation: In China, tungsten concentrate trader hold tungsten concentrate and don’t want to sale it. So the market price of tungsten is going up. Because tungsten concentrate is an important raw material for tungsten series products. Tungsten concentrate trader hold the the raw material result in APT manufactures, tungsten powder manufactures, ferro-tungsten smelting manufactures hard to buy raw material for products production. But near the end of year many buyer hold wait and see opinion so the demand of the tungsten products will not too much. Due to the demand of tungsten products is too much so although the price of tungsten market price is going up, recently, tungsten market price will stay stability.
There is the average market price of tungsten serious products: wolframite concentrate (content ≥65%): 63,000.00 RMB/ton; scheelite concentrate (content≥65%): 61,00.00 RMB/ton; ammonium paratungstate(content:≥88.5% ) 97,500.00 RMB/ton, export price:218 $/ton ; tungsten powder (content≥99.95%): 155.00 RMB/kg, export price:24 $/kg; tungsten carbide powder:(content≥99.7%):210.00 RMB/kg, export price: 23$/kg; tungsten bar(content≥99.95%):210 RMB/kg, export price:34.22 $/kg.
Tungsten series products prospect: because tungsten concentrate raw material under market control so many tungsten product manufactures hard to buy raw material for produce tungsten products. On the other hand, market demand don’t have big range rising. So based the reason discussed on the above, some researcher belief tungsten series products market price have a rick to fall down without market demand support. 

APT Market Price Going up Analysis

1.Raw materials. 
As the price of raw material tungsten ores keeps going up , it takes a large part of cost for producing APT, which causes the keeping going up of APT in a certain degree. 
2.Other factors listed below also consists a part of the affecting factors. 
Even though they have influenced the price of APT, they accounts for not so much part than the raw materials.
2.1 Supplementary materials. During the producing of APT, many supplementary materials like binders and other chemicals like HCl or NaOH are required, and their price is going up. 
2.2 Labor cost. Labor cost which includes salary, welfare fund, insurance and provident fund all increase. In China, the labor cost is going up by 12% these years, but still 8% increase this year. 
2.3 Power cost. The power cost for smelting has been declining, but increasing these days. 
2.4 Environmental protection cost. As we know the emission of flue gas and waste residue causes a lot of damage to environment, the cost of glue gas treatment and waste residue recovery increases with the growing damage to environment. Producing 1 ton tungsten concentrate would cost about $800. Even though the exporting quota and 5% exporting tax for APT are canceled this year, but the government has charged 6.5% for the environmental cost. 
2.5Taxes. Always be.

APT

 

 

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