Atomic Structure of Tungsten Disulfide

tungsten disulphide structure image

The atomic structure of tungsten disulfide (WS2) consists of a stack of three layers formed by a transition metal layer (W atom) sandwiched between two S-atom layers, each with a hexagonal lattice structure. In the three-layer stack, W and S atoms are bonded together by strong ion-covalent bonds. WS2 formed by these three layers is held together by weak van der Waals interactions, which allow mechanical exfoliation of the WS2 layer. In the bulk phase, polymorphism is a unique feature of TMDs.

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The 3 Most Common Tungsten Alloys—Its Properties & Applications

pure tungsten picture

Alloys are metals made by combining two or more metallic elements, primarily to provide greater strength or corrosion resistance. The tungsten alloy family has many industrial applications due to its strength. Tungsten offers a unique contribution because it imparts exceptional strength, corrosion resistance and other useful properties to base metals. In addition to being an excellent alloying element, tungsten can also serve as the basis for its own alloys, and this article will focus on the basic categories of these tungsten alloys. Below are some details on the 3 most common tungsten alloys widely used in industry. Their properties and applications will also be introduced.

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Challenges of Current Applications on WS2 Nanomaterials

Tungsten disulfide nanoparticles image

The current applications on WS2 nanomaterials still face challenges and should be investigated in depth in the following aspects. Firstly, the study mechanism of HER needs to be deepened and clarified in terms of the fundamental properties of WS2. Advanced characterization methods, such as in situ techniques, can be combined to analyze the structural changes of the material during the catalytic process and reveal the catalytic process of WS2-based nanomaterials, especially electrocatalysis.

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Tungsten Disulfide for Electrode Materials of Supercapacitor

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy spectra and diffusivity of lithium ions image

Recently, researchers demonstrated a specific capacitance of 398.5 F.g-1 for sheet tungsten disulfide anode materials. However, the performance of these materials remains unsatisfactory. Encouragingly, Nagaraju et al. synthesized WS2 nanoparticles used as supercapacitor electrode materials, which provided a high capacitance value of 1439.5 F.g-1 at a current density of 5 mA.cm-2 and maintained excellent cycling stability of 77.4% after 3000 cycles. This result suggests that WS2 can be considered a promising candidate for supercapacitor electrode materials.

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Tungsten Disulfide in Applications of Sodium-Ion Batteries

Electrochemical cyclability tests and HR-TEM of the WS2-r-GO and Sx-WS2-r-GO electrodes image

Tungsten disulfide possesses a much larger interlayer spacing of 0.62 nm than that of graphite (0.34 nm). This would be very favorable for the reversible process of Na+ intercalation/de-intercalation, making WS2 a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). For example, Liu et al. reported WS2 nanowires (NWs) with an expanded interlayer spacing of 0.83 nm.

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Low-temperature Sintering Tungsten-nickel-antimony Heavy Alloy

 SEM images of the powders- W, Ni, and Sb
Tungsten heavy alloys (WHA) are two-phase alloys that contain various compositions, microstructures, and performance tradeoffs. These alloys typically contain 88-97% by weight tungsten grains and nickel-iron, nickel-manganese, nickel-copper, and nickel-cobalt matrices. Due to their high density of 17 to 19 g/cm3, these alloys are frequently used in inertial applications including golf club weights, self- winding watch weights, aircraft wing weights, cellular telephone vibrators, munitions, and oilfield rejuvenation projectiles. Other applications include X-ray and radiation shields, and plasma and nuclear protection devices. 

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Applications of WS2 Nanomaterials in Batteries

Superior photocatalytic activity of tungsten disulfide nanostructures image

As potential high-capacity anode materials for Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), TMDCs have gained considerable attention, especially WS2 nanomaterials, which exhibit a higher theoretical specific capacity (433 mAh.g-1) than commercial graphite due to the 2D layer structure and the large platelet space. When used as an anode for lithium-ion batteries, WS2 exhibits an increasing lithium storage capacity. For example, Liu et al. prepared an ordered mesoporous WS2 as an anode for LIBs, which showed a high lithium storage capacity of 805 mAh.g-1 at a current of 0.1A.g-1.

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Photocatalysis of Tungsten Disulfide

Mechanism of photocatalytic degradation image

Tungsten disulfide (WS2) is a semiconductor with a band gap, which gives WS2 a wide range of light absorption, and therefore, WS2 can be considered a promising photocatalyst for photocatalysis degradation of organic pollutants and hydrogen production from water decomposition. WS2 extends the light absorption region to the long-wave direction, and through morphological tuning, WS2 can achieve near-infrared photocatalytic activity.

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Recent Developments in WS2 Energy Conversion and Storage Systems

Similar ionic photocurrent response to MoS2-WS2 membranes image

WS2 has attracted much attention due to its unique structural properties and suitable hydrogen binding energy (comparable to platinum group metals). WS2 nanomaterials have been extensively investigated for energy conversion and storage systems.

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WS2 Composites

Discharge and charge profiles of bare WS2 bare graphene and the WS2 graphene nanocomposite image

To improve the electrical and catalytic properties of WS2, the synthesis of WS2 composites from other materials with good electrical conductivity is a promising approach. Composites are materials in which one material is the matrix and another material is used as the reinforcement. The various materials complement each other in terms of properties and create a synergistic effect, resulting in an overall performance superior to the original material.

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