Tungsten Alloy Multi-Leaf Collimator in Radiotherapy Treatment

A tungsten alloy multi-leaf collimator is a device made up of individual tungsten alloy "leaves", that can move independently in and out of the path of a particle beam in order to block it.

tungsten alloy multi-leaf collimators are used on linear accelerators to provide conformal shaping of radiotherapy treatment beams. Specifically, conformal radiotherapy and Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) can be delivered using tungsten alloy multi-leaf collimator.

The tungsten alloy multi-leaf collimator has improved rapidly since its inception and the first use of leaves to shape structures in 1965 to modern day operation and use. Tungsten alloy multi-leaf collimator's are now widely used and have become an integral part of any radiotherapy department. Tungsten alloy multi-leaf collimators were primarily used for conformal radiotherapy, and have allowed the cost effective implementation of conformal treatment with significant time saving, and also have been adapted for use for IMRT treatments.

 

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How to Choose α, β, γ Tungsten Alloy Detector

There are many different tungsten alloy detectors for different radiation, such as ionization chamber, proportional counter, Geiger counter for α, β tungsten alloy detection, but how to select a suitable tungsten alloy detector for different radiation?
The range and energy of the radiation to be detected: you can't bury a alpha tungsten alloy detection element behind in a sealed, rugged case, because the particles will range out before they get there.

The size of the tungsten alloy detector elements: the size of the readout equipment which may be separate and their arrangement relative each other.

The sensitivity and efficiency needs to different kinds of radiation, to different energies that might be present.
Some of this kit can be very expensive, and you might choose a not-quite-the-best choice if you already have it and the necessary readout gear sitting around the lab from a old experiment. This is the equivalent of a bumper sticker.

 

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Blue Tungsten Oxide

Blue tungsten oxide is used primarily for the production of tungsten metal power and tungsten carbide. The formula of blue tungsten is H0.5WO3. Blue tungsten oxide is finely divided blue-violet crystalline powder and it is produced by rotary calcining ammonium paratungstate at closely controlled temperatures in a reducing atmosphere. And we usually use APT to manufacture it by calcination. Blue tungsten oxide paly an important role in the line from oxide to W and WC powder. The color varies between deep dark blue to blue,faint blue and green blue. 

 

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Tungsten Carbide Cutting Tools Intermittent Grinding

Tungsten carbide cutting tools has high hardness, brittleness, but when sharpening, instantaneous temperature rise fast, hot surfaces in the emergence of tungsten carbide cutting tools, forming additional thermal stress caused by uneven thermal deformation, resulting in the emergence of tungsten carbide cutting tools cracks.

Tungsten carbide cutting tools intermittent grinding is an effective way to prevent hot cracking of tungsten carbide cutting tools. When the grinding of tungsten carbide cutting tools on a dedicated grinder, in order to improve the cooling conditions, often using tungsten carbide tools intermittent grinding method that is slotted in the grinding wheel.

This approach not only improves the grind of the wheel since to ensure that the wheel sharp in cutting, prompting efficiency and reduce grinding heat, and because the work site in the grinding wheel slot, improved thermal conditions, slashing hard alloy tool produced by thermal cracking. While shedding abrasive wheel rotates with the wheel in the slot and throws, so too abrasive to scratch the surface of tungsten carbide cutting tools, grinding favorable to the smooth surface. In addition carbide cutting tools interrupted after grinding, as grinding wheel rotation will bring more wind, from a fan's role, tungsten carbide cutting tools on the wind to help it cool.




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Notes of Tungsten Carbide Cutting Tools Hand Sharpening

Tungsten carbide cutting tools hand sharpening is an effecitive way to avoid tungsten carbide cutting tools hot cracking. In order to more effectively prevent hot cracking of tungsten carbide cutting tools, master notes of tungsten carbide cutting tools hand sharpening is needed. In summary, notes of tungsten carbide cutting tools hand sharpening are the following aspects :

1. When use the method of tungsten carbide cutting tools hand sharpening, rotating the wheel pressure should be appropriate, not too big, do not press the wheel in a prolonged contact, should be interrupted from time to time, the tool has more cool down.

2. When use the method of tungsten carbide cutting tools hand sharpening,the force should be light, otherwise, due to increased friction, rapid temperature rise, the emergence of local high temperature, resulting in thermal cracking. We should try to increase the contact area between the tool and the grinding wheel to prevent excessive grinding heat caused by cracks.

3. When use the method of tungsten carbide cutting tools hand sharpening, coolant should not be used. In the grinding process, in order to reduce the temperature of the dry heat of the tool wear immersion in cold water can make tungsten carbide cutting tools due to the high temperatures encountered in quenching temperature difference mutation shrinkage stress is too large and thermal cracking. So tungsten carbide cutting tools hand sharpening should interrupt from time to time and air-cooled so as to make the tool has more time to cool down



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Coated Carbide Tools Advantages

Coated carbide tools as a new breed of carbide cutting tools to further improve the performance of carbide cutting tools. Coated carbide tools advantages are significant. In general, with respect to the uncoated carbide tools, coated carbide tools advantages mainly include the following four areas:

1. The coating material coated carbide tools with high hardness and wear resistance, as compared with uncoated carbide tools, coated carbide tools can use higher milling rate, thereby increasing the processing efficiency.

2. In the same milling rate, life of coated carbide tools is higher than uncoated carbide tools.

3. Coated Carbide Tool coating material is a small friction coefficient between the workpiece, as compared with uncoated carbide coated carbide milling force a certain decrease machined surface quality better.

4. As coated carbide tools advantages are significant, coated carbide tools have good versatility and a wide range of applications.




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Solid Carbide End Mills Advantages

Cemented carbide is a hard refractory metal compound and a metal binder made by powder metallurgy method. Since the cemented carbide has high hardness, wear resistance, high temperature, linear expansion coefficient of small series of advantages, it is used as a tool of the main material. In China, common cemented carbide is tungsten carbide (WC) based alloy, in recent years there is a new breed of titanium carbide (TIC) based alloy, ultra-fine grain carbide, carbide surface coating etc.

Solid carbide end mills is a type of cemented carbide end mills, solid carbide end mills advantages are significant which make it popular at areas of CNC machining centers, cnc engraving machine.Solid carbide end mills advantages include the following aspects:

1. High speed milling. Carbide end mills milling rate is 3-4 times of high-speed steel milling cutter corresponding values.

2. Cost savings. Solid carbide end mills can save more than 62% of the processing costs.

3. Long life. Solid carbide end mills with ordinary life of cobalt high speed steel mills increased by 20 times in comparison.

4. High efficiency. Solid carbide end mills metal removal rate than high-speed steel end mills gold 5 to 10 times higher.




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Tungsten Carbide Cold Saw

Tungsten carbide cold saw is a sawing machine that uses a tungsten carbide tipped , resharpenable circular saw blade to separate metal. Differently from abrasive saw, cold saw is known by its sawing processes, wich keeps the blades and sawing materials remaining cold, largely due tot the sawing machines transfer the heat generated by cutting to the chips created by the saw blade. They are equipped with an electric motor and a gear reduction unit to reduce the saw blade's rotational speed while maintaining constant torque.



A tungsten carbide cold saw cut produces minimal burr, no sparks, no discoloration and no dust. The material being cut must be mechanically clamped to prevent movement during the cutting process. Extra care should be taken to choose the appropriate number of teeth, saw blade type, cutting speed and feed rate. All of these variables are based on the type and size of material being cut. Cold saws are capable of machining most ferrous and non-ferrous alloys. Cold saws are intended to be used with a flood coolant system to keep the saw blade teeth cooled and lubricated.


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Tungsten Carbide Cold Saw Blade

The tungsten carbide cold saw blades are made with an alloy steel body and tungsten carbide inserts brazed to the tips of the teeth. These tips are ground on all surfaces to create tangential and radial clearance and provide the proper cutting and clearance angles on the teeth. The alloy body is generally made from a wear resistant material such as a chrome vanadium steel, heat treated to 38/42 HRC. The tungsten carbide tips are capable of operating at much higher temperatures than solid HSS, therefore, Tungsten carbide tipped saw blades are usually run at much higher surface speeds. This allows carbide-tipped blades to cut at faster rates and still maintain an acceptable chip load per tooth.

These blades are commonly used for cutting non-ferrous alloys, but have gained significant popularity for ferrous metal cutting applications in the last 10 years. The tungsten carbide inserts are extremely hard (98 HRC) and capable of very long wear life. However, they are less resistant to shock than solid HSS cold saw blades. Any vibration during the cutting process may severely damage the teeth. These cold saw blades need to be driven by a backlash free gear box and a constant feed mechanism like a ball-screw feed.


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Tungsten Carbide Water Jet Cutter

Water Jet Cutter is using high-pressure jet of water for cutting, sharping and reaming different different kind of materials in a wide variety of industries, such as mining, aerospace and  etc. Tungsten carbide water jet cutter is applying with a durable ceramic tungsten carbide composite tubes that could withstand the power of the high-pressure.The term abrasivejet refers specifically to the use of a mixture of water and abrasive to cut hard materials such as metal or granite, while the terms pure waterjet and water-only cutting refer to waterjet cutting without the use of added abrasives, often used for softer materials such as wood or rubber.



Waterjet cutting is often used during fabrication of machine parts. It is the preferred method when the materials being cut are sensitive to the high temperatures generated by other methods. Waterjet cutting is used in various industries, including mining and aerospace, for cutting, shaping, and reaming.


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