Tungsten-copper is used to make composite materials for heat sinks in computers and other electronic devices. The materials can be mounted to computer chips or ceramic bases.

Properties
Tungsten-copper materials conduct heat efficiently without the excessive expansion that would present problems when mounted to other materials. Copper by itself has high thermal expansion properties, making it unsuitable for such applications unless combined with a material such as tungsten.

Powder Form
Tungsten and copper do not form an alloy because their melting temperatures are very different. The composite material is instead made by mixing metal powders. They are then heated and injected into a mold for heat-sink manufacture.

Heat Sinks
Heat sinks are used to conduct heat away from computer chips and integrated circuits, preventing thermal damage. Depending on the electronic device, heat sinks come in different sizes and shapes. Tungsten-copper composites, with copper content (by weight) of 15 to 20 percent, are often used to make heat sinks.

Tungsten Alloy Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-alloy.com
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, 3G Version: http://3g.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, WML Version: http://m.chinatungsten.com

Tungsten bulbs, particularly tungsten halogen bulbs, are among the most popular bulbs for use in indoor photo shoots. Tungsten bulbs are ready available, fairly inexpensive, predictable and create a warm tone. Tungsten bulbs, while most commonly used in black and white film photography, can be used by virtually any photographer regardless of experience.

Instructions

1
Keep your tungsten lights mounted on safe and stable stands, as tungsten lights burn hotter than other types of bulbs. If a bulb falls or is brushed by a person or object, it can quickly start a fire. If you are rearranging your light setting, moving light stands or working with the bulbs, turn them off and unplug the power source to prevent accidents.

2
Choose the right film for the job. Tungsten lights are most commonly used with black and white film photography, as the light warms the image. However, it color photography, tungsten lighting can add a slightly red hue. Therefore, if using tungsten lighting in color photography, be sure to choose tungsten films designed for this type of lighting.

3
Dim your tungsten lights while setting up the photograph and focusing you camera, turning the lights to full strength only to take the shot. Tungsten light burn very hot and will quickly disturb you, your assistants and your live subject. The bulbs will also burn out quickly if left on full strength. Never use tungsten lighting when shooting plants, animals or insects and the heat is too much.

4
Create dramatic lights and darks in your photos with a simple tungsten light set up of your choice. While other forms of lighting can easily fill a room with light, tungsten tends to focus light only where directed, which can be used to the photographer's advantage in a controlled setting. If you would like to flood-fill the room with light, it is best to use additional light sources, such as natural daylight or other types of bulbs.

Tungsten Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.chinatungsten.com
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, 3G Version: http://3g.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, WML Version: http://m.chinatungsten.com

Steel, an alloy of iron and carbon, comes in many varieties. Mixed with other metals, it takes on different properties. Tungsten was one of the first metals used to improve steel. It adds strength to steel over a wide temperature range.

Alloys' Value
Metals that have been mixed to obtain materials with new properties are called alloys. Mixing steel with small amounts of other metals, such as vanadium, cobalt and tungsten, contributes strength, hardness and corrosion resistance.

Tungsten Properties
Tungsten, like iron, is a basic chemical element. It stands up to heat better than any other metal, having the highest melting point, 6192 degrees F (3695 C), and the highest tensile strength at temperatures over 3000 F (1650 C). It also expands less than any other pure metal from heat and has high resistance to corrosion.

Applications
Cutting tools, such as drill bits, produce great heat from friction. Tungsten, added to steel in amounts varying from 2 to 18 percent (along with small amounts of molybdenum and vanadium), maintains the metal's strength at high temperatures. Called high-speed steel, it goes into making drill bits, milling bits, saw blades and other tools.

Tungsten Alloy Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-alloy.com
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, 3G Version: http://3g.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, WML Version: http://m.chinatungsten.com

Tungsten carbide and titanium both have become popular for use in men's jewelry in recent years. On first inspection these two metals may seem very similar, but in fact, there are many differences between the two, including the weight, ductility and price of the metals.

Cost
The price of titanium jewelry is generally much lower than the price of tungsten carbide. This is due to the equipment, labor and time required to achieve the desired appearance of tungsten. Another factor that contributes to the higher price of tungsten is the temperature required to melt and form the metal, which is 6000 degrees Fahrenheit. A specialized environment, such as a vacuum, is needed to achieve this temperature.

Ductility
Ductility is the amount a material will deform in response to stress. The ductility of titanium is greater than tungsten carbide. This means that if a titanium ring is subjected to a great stress, such as being run over by a car, it would bend out of its round shape. A ring that is constructed from tungsten carbide would completely shatter.

Allergic Reactions
For most people, titanium will not cause an allergic reaction. Some wearers may suffer an allergic reaction to tungsten carbide that contains the alloy cobalt. Interestingly, nickel, another alloy that utilized in tungsten carbide, does not cause an allergic reaction in people who are otherwise allergic to nickel.

Hardness
Both tungsten carbide and titanium are harder than gold, silver and platinum. This is because the alloys used in both metals offer strength to these metals that under most circumstances are virtually indestructible. If jewelry made from tungsten carbide and titanium were placed under extremely abrasive conditions, such as the cut of a diamond, a tungsten carbide ring would prove stronger than the titanium.

Weight
Titanium is generally lighter than tungsten because it has a lower density. On average, tungsten carbide is 90% heavier than stainless steel, while titanium is around 43% lighter than stainless steel.

Tungsten Carbide Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-carbide.com.cn
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, 3G Version: http://3g.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, WML Version: http://m.chinatungsten.com

Tungsten disulfide is commonly known by its chemical formula, WS2. Tungsten disulfide can be used as a dry lubricant for mechanical parts, and is often preferred because it can be used within a wide range of temperatures and will not introduce contaminants into the machinery.

Sandblasting equipment can be used to apply the lubricant. Otherwise, WS2 can be applied with a buffing wheel. If the WS2 can be mixed with wet lubricants in your application, it may be added to oil or other lubricants. If you are applying WS2 to small parts, a tumbler may be used.

Instructions

Buffing

1
Clean the part with a rag to get all of the grease off.

2
Mix the tungsten disulfide powder with rubbing alcohol in a small glass jar. Start by pouring in just a small amount of alcohol and mixing thoroughly with a spoon. Keep pouring more alcohol until you have a grey paste.

3
Spread the paste onto the part and the buffing wheel. Allow them some time to dry thoroughly.

4
Turn on the wheel and press the part up against it, turning the part and buffing it until the part is coated a grey color.

Tumbling

5
Clean the part with a rag to get all of the grease off.

6
Put several of your small parts or bullets into the empty aspirin bottle.

7
Fill the bottle three-quarters of the way up with tungsten disulfide.

8
Place the bottle in the tumbler. Turn the tumbler on for approximately five hours.

Add Tungsten Disulfide to Lubrication

9
Clean the part with a rag to get all of the grease off.

10
Mix some tungsten disulfide in with fresh lubrication, oil or grease.

11
Grease the part, change the oil oar and apply the new lubrication. The tungsten disulfide will slowly coat the parts as the lubrication moves through the machinery.

Sand Blasting

12
Clean the part with a rag to get all of the grease off.

13
Blast the part with a light layer of aluminum oxide.

14
Clean the part off with a clean soft cloth so there is no trace of aluminum oxide powder.

15
Set the sand blaster to 120 PSI and to cold pneumatic air. Blast the tungsten disulfide onto the part until the part becomes a silver-grey color.

16
Clean the excess tungsten disulfide dust off with another clean cloth. Do not rub too hard or you will remove the powder.

Tungsten Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.chinatungsten.com
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, 3G Version: http://3g.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, WML Version: http://m.chinatungsten.com

Tungsten jewelry has gained popularity due to both the modern look that the metal provides and its ability to resist scratching and bending.

Characteristics
Tungsten, also known as wolfram, is a gray transition metal that is mined in Europe, North America, South America and Asia. Along with its use in jewelry, the element is also used in electric lamps, X-rays and in the development of spacecraft.

Jewelry
In its raw state, tungsten is a very brittle metal that can be easily cut with a hacksaw. In order to create jewelry such as a ring or bracelet from tungsten, it must be strengthened. This is achieved by combining tungsten powder with carbon and another metal such as nickel or cobalt.

Use
Due to the weight of tungsten jewelry, it is not typically used in earrings and pendants. It is more common to find tungsten carbide in rings, bracelets and watches. Jewelry made from tungsten will resist scratching, bending and stretching better than gold or silver.

Appearance
Tungsten carbide jewelry features a darker hue that can be polished to resemble hematite. When mixed with nickel, the resulting appearance is similar to that of platinum.

Care
Due to the metal's ability to maintain shape and shine over time, very little care is required for tungsten jewelry. Retailers of tungsten carbide jewelry caution against cleaning with chemicals or with ultrasonic cleaners, suggesting soap and water instead.

Tungsten Jewellery Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-jewellery.com
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, 3G Version: http://3g.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, WML Version: http://m.chinatungsten.com

Tungsten carbide has become one of the more popular nontraditional rings. Known for its strength and durability, the symbolism of tungsten carbide in wedding rings is undeniable. However, there are a number of rings on the market that are made using cobalt, rather than tungsten carbide, and that can create an entirely different sort of ring.

Tungsten Carbide
Tungsten carbide in its normal form is nothing more than a powder. Both tungsten powder and carbide powder have to be brought together and forged at very high temperatures to create the necessary bond that will result in a tungsten carbide ring. This process can be difficult and expensive, but it yields a high-quality product that will last for a long time.

Cobalt
Many rings that claim to be tungsten carbide are actually cobalt and carbide, or a mixture of tungsten, cobalt and carbide. Cobalt is much easier to form a bond with, and the forging can be done at a lower temperature for less cost.

Effects
There are a lot of downsides that come along with a tungsten carbide ring that has cobalt in it. For one thing, while you wear it, the cobalt in the ring will react with the natural oils produced by your skin. Cobalt rings will change your skin color, and over time they'll develop permanent oxidation spots that you'll never be able to scrub away. The rings might look nice at first, but within a week to a month depending on how much you wear it, the chemical reactions will occur and ruin its look.

Signs
There aren't many ways to tell just by looking at a ring whether or not it's pure tungsten carbide or a tungsten carbide and cobalt combination. The price is one of the most telling features, because rings made with cobalt are usually cheaper in price. The best way to make sure that you have a genuine tungsten carbide ring is to get a guarantee from the manufacturer, so that if your ring does have cobalt in it you can get replacement at little or no charge.

Finish
Tungsten carbide rings are extremely strong and durable, and the same goes for their "permanent" finish. Pure tungsten carbide rings don't dent, scratch or lose their shine very easily. A tungsten carbide ring with cobalt in it will, however, so if you've bought a tungsten carbide ring that's lost its shine, even after a thorough cleaning, chances are there's cobalt in it. 

Tungsten Carbide Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-carbide.com.cn
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, 3G Version: http://3g.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, WML Version: http://m.chinatungsten.com

Sterling silver and tungsten are both becoming popular jewelry choices, especially in wedding rings. Both of these strong metals have pros and cons that should be considered before purchasing, but both make for attractive rings and jewelry.

Scratch Resistance
Rings made from stainless steel and tungsten are both difficult to scratch and damage. Tungsten, however, should hold a shine indefinitely once it is polished, whereas stainless steel may become dull.

Removal
Unlike stainless steel rings, tungsten rings cannot be cut off in the event of an emergency. Tungsten rings can be removed quickly if necessary, but they must be cracked and broken off rather than cut.

Resizing
Neither tungsten nor stainless steel rings can be re-sized. They must be replaced if they become too loose or too tight over time.

Allergies
Stainless steel rings can trigger an allergic reaction if they contain nickel. This is not an issue with tungsten rings.

Availability
Stainless steel rings can be more difficult to find at local jewelry stores as it is only starting to become popular in jewelry.

Weight
Tungsten rings are much heavier than rings made from stainless steel and most other materials.

Tungsten Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.chinatungsten.com
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, 3G Version: http://3g.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, WML Version: http://m.chinatungsten.com

There are grounds for optimism that the Dodd Frank Act will contribute to the Congressional objective of promoting peace and security in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo.

Section 1502 of the 2010 US Dodd-Frank Act is lauded by its advocates as a progressive regulatory framework which will help prevent company complicity in a vicious cycle of mineral-fuelled conflict in eastern DRC. Critics have derided Section 1502 as an unworkable burden on business and claimed that it will harm local livelihoods in one of the world's most underdeveloped regions. Whatever the intended - and unintended - consequences of the groundbreaking legislation, Section 1502 will introduce significant additional compliance costs. Given that the minerals covered under the Act feed into a wide array of consumer goods from mobile phones, to jewellery and to coffee machines, the legislation is important to consumers as well.

There are concerns that Section 1502 will not be effective in stemming the flow of mineral revenues to armed groups, given widespread cross-border smuggling into states with a weak regulatory framework (such as Rwanda and Burundi) and into countries not covered by the legislation (such as Kenya). The prevalence of endemic corruption in the region and the massive technical challenge of ensuring effective traceability policies may also mean mineral revenues continue to perpetuate conflict.

In addition, the brief November 2012 capture of Goma (the capital of North Kivu and a regional trade hub) by the M23 rebel group, and the continuing presence of the insurgents in the region, will make it even more difficult for companies to source minerals from eastern DRC. With the M23 rebels threatening to expand their campaign and even march on Kinshasa, the extremely uncertain outlook could make responsible mineral sourcing from large parts of North Kivu unviable for the foreseeable future.

Although the Dodd-Frank Act was passed in 2010, it took the US Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) until August 2012 to publish its controversial final rules implementing the legislation. With the Act due to come into force from January 1 2013, an estimated 6,000 companies listed with the SEC will need to be transparent about the source of columbite-tantalite (or 'coltan'), cassiterite, wolframite, gold and their derivatives (namely tantalum, tin and tungsten) used in their products and manufacturing processes.

While it will not become illegal for the affected companies to use minerals which perpetuate conflict in DRC, the reputational damage of making such a disclosure in annual reports due from May 31, 2014, should act as a significant deterrent. As a result, the transparency requirements will cascade down supply chains from US-listed companies to suppliers across the world.

Tungsten Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.chinatungsten.com
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, 3G Version: http://3g.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, WML Version: http://m.chinatungsten.com

M23 rebels in DR Congo have threatened to march to the capital and depose the government. UN reports confirm that rebels receive support from key US allies in the region, and Washington's role in the conflict has become difficult to ignore.

Instability, lawlessness and violence are nothing new to those who live in the troubled eastern regions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. An estimated 6.9 million Congolese have perished since 1996 in a spate of ceaseless military conflicts that have long gripped this severely-overlooked and underreported region. In late November 2012, members of the M23 rebel group invaded and took control of Goma, a strategic provincial capital in North Kivu state with a population of 1 million people, with the declared purpose of marching to the nation’s capital, Kinshasa, to depose the ruling government.

M23's president, Jean Marie Runiga, later agreed to withdraw only if the ruling President Joseph Kabila listened to the group's grievances and adhered to their demands. Rebel leaders have threatened to abandon peace talks unless Kinshasa signs an official ceasefire, a demand the government dismissed as unnecessary.

Kinshasa called on M23 to respect previous agreements to withdraw 20km outside of Goma in a move to prevent the region falling back into war after two decades of conflict, fought largely over the DRC’s vast wealth of tungsten,copper, cobalt diamonds, gold and coltan.

The United Nation’s peacekeeping mission in DR Congo has come under fire for allowing M23 to take Goma without firing a single shot, despite the presence of 19,000 UN troops in the country. The UN’s Congo mission is its largest and most expensive peacekeeping operation, costing over US$1 billion a year. UN forces recently announced they would introduce the use of surveillance drones over the DRC, in addition to imposing a travel ban and asset freeze on M23 leader Jean-Marie Runiga and Lt. Col. Eric Badege.

A confidential 44-page report issued by a United Nations panel accused the governments of neighboring Rwanda and Uganda of supporting M23 with weapons, ammunition and Rwandan military personnel. Despite both nations denying these accusations, the governments of the United States, Britain, Germany and the Netherlands have publicly suspended military aid and developmental assistance to Rwanda. The governments of both Rwanda and Uganda, led by President Paul Kagame and President Yoweri Museveni respectively, have long been staunch American allies and the recipients of millions in military aid.

Tungsten Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.chinatungsten.com
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, 3G Version: http://3g.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, WML Version: http://m.chinatungsten.com