Abstract

Tungsten and its alloys, due to their excellent high-temperature performance, radiation resistance, and mechanical properties, have become ideal candidate materials for key components in nuclear fusion reactors. This paper reviews the progress of research on the application of tungsten and tungsten alloys in the field of nuclear fusion, focusing on their performance in plasma-material interactions, heat load tolerance, and radiation damage. By analyzing current research results and technical challenges, this paper proposes future research directions and development trends, providing a reference for promoting the application of tungsten and tungsten alloys in the field of nuclear fusion.

Tungsten diiodide clusters are used as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy. 

Tungsten diiodide clusters can be used as X-ray contrast agents in interventional radiology. Tungsten diiodide cluster is a general term for a certain number of tungsten diiodide atoms or molecules, with a high degree of photoluminescence, this property makes it an excellent material for X-ray contrast agents.

Tungsten diiodide molecules and clusters differ in structure and interaction force.

Deuterium in tungsten-based materials can be removed by isotope replacement and thermal desorption. Tungsten-based material is a kind of tungsten-based alloy material composed of other elements, which has the characteristics of high melting point, high hardness, and high sputtering threshold, and is widely used in the field of nuclear fusion energy.

Tungsten diiodide is a class of inorganic compounds with a black powdery appearance that has the following chemical properties.

The valence electron arrangement of tungsten does not follow hund's rules. Tungsten is one of the transition metal elements in the sixth period (second long period) of the periodic table of elements VIB group. Transition metal elements are obviously different from other elements because of their unfilled valence layer d orbitals based on the eighteen-electron rule.

Tungsten diiodide (chemical formula: WI₂) is a kind of inorganic compound formed by the reaction of tungsten and iodine, which has the following chemical properties.

Tungsten diiodide (WI₂) is an inorganic compound composed of the transition metal element tungsten and the halogen element iodine. It has many chemical properties, which will be described one by one below.

A small amount of tungsten diiodide has low theoretical toxicity and will not harm health.