U.S., EU, Japan sued China rare earth, tungsten, molybdenum export restrictions , China has put forward " protecting the environment " is a very Western way of saying to the defense , and the final stand of the U.S. side of the WTO . WTO ( World Trade Organization ) ruled against China . British " Financial Times" said, " This is a major victory for the U.S. , EU and Japan made ​​", while Japanese media is unashamedly commented , "China 's strategy failed completely ." Indeed, the Chinese rare earth export restrictions has once again been cut violations, gave a great deal of good in Europe and America and other countries, this is the entry point , China's exports of strategic resource management system may face shocks.

In accordance with the usual Western view, the development of high-tech is a rare indispensable strategic resource , from smart phones to missile guidance are inseparable "industrial vitamins ." But over the years, China has to account for only 23 percent of the world's total reserves reserve supply 95% of the world 's rare earth production , not only low prices was like " selling gold potatoes price" , there is a huge environmental cost to pay . When China began to realize that the problem is serious restrictions of rare earth exports , the United States and Japan has shown impatience , one after another to say "no ."

Why WTO restrictions on U.S. and European strategic resource policy blind - Europe and the United States understands the road win . In general, WTO members must comply with the freedom of trade , the treatment of undifferentiated rules. But in terms of Section 21 of the WTO GATT has proposed : Allow members for reasons of national security, as a trade exception handling ( referred to security exceptions ) . It is based on the security exception to the rule , in 1996 , in the United States -led Western countries to develop a " Wassenaar Agreement ", " Wassenaar Agreement " communications mechanism aims to improve conventional weapons and sensitive dual-use transparency items and technology transfer to assist member States regulate the export control laws and regulations, to prevent the proliferation of sensitive items and technologies related . Member States, including the world's major arms-producing and exporting countries , including the United States, Britain , Japan, France, Germany , Russia and other 34 countries.

Ukrainian military in close cooperation , in addition to the transfer of large projects outside the " Varyag" No. This is a landmark in ships, tanks, aircraft power system, especially the engine , the performance of the most prominent. Currently many gas turbine DN/DA-80 Chinese surface ships , including the "Varyag " was included, as well as " Chinese Aegis " destroyers used by the Chinese for the development of Pakistan , " Khalid " Main battle tanks used for diesel engine 6TD-2E, the new generation advanced trainer aircraft used by the Falcons -15 engine AI-222, as well as suitable plateaus helicopter engines are from Ukraine. But Ukraine is also a member of Wagner agreement . Americans may be needed to prevent some of the weapons and ordnance Ukrainian exports to China .

Since China has been excluded under the guidance of the "Wassenaar Agreement " important to master the world of military technology and products developed countries have been severely restricted Chinese imports, " Control List " of scarce resources , advanced technology and equipment. For example, some foreign high-end five-axis machine tools critical software on limiting exports to China , and even the installation site using department also has limitations .

Practice tells us that China should learn from the experience of developed countries , the use of good safety exception WTO rules , the early establishment of strategic resource management and control systems in line with the core interests of our country in order to prevent a similar situation from happening again passive .

In addition, we must clearly realize that involve core national interests of technology can not be obtained from the normal economic and trade , and a great and self-esteem of the nation also must not fantasy gifts of others , otherwise sooner or controlled by others , and ultimately trampled. So, today and in the future , China will continue core technology areas also staged a " break the foreign monopoly" amazing miracle. ( Pictured Merkel of Germany 1735 Mini China Map drawn to Xi Jinping .)

WTO preliminary ruling against China's rare earth litigation , litigation in the last two years , we see that part of the country -

By the name of "fairness " and seeking their own interests

By the end of March , the U.S. and Japan on the EU lawsuit against Chinese export quota of rare earth and other management measures related products filed with the preliminary results , the World Trade Organization (WTO) ruled against China . The ruling received a US-Japan EU welcomed before they complain that China 's export restrictions enable Chinese enterprises to gain an unfair advantage. However , in this two-year litigation, we see it is part of the country in the name of fairness , abuse of international rules , a double standard , seeking their own interests.

Over the years, there are rare earth industry , " gold" , in the field of cutting-edge technology and defense are widely used. If the 20th century was the century of oil , then the 21st century is the century of rare earths . However, due to other reasons related technology , environmental technology as a key raw material in the rare earth mining process has caused great environmental damage .

In fact , the U.S. reserves of rare earth -rich, rare earth mining was once a big country , but recognizing the high environmental cost of rare earth mining after the United States adopted a series of measures to halt the rare earth mining . In China, more than 90% of long-term supply of rare earths to the global market , has paid a heavy environmental price . To this end, China has adopted a series of policies and measures remediation rare earth industry , which is completely out of the need to protect resources, environment and sustainable development. Rising prices of rare earth , rare earth goodbye to the West " cabbage price " era , they shouted unfair . While China 's share of global long-term to 36% of the total rare earth reserves , supply the world market with more than 90% of the rare earths , which is fair? For them this quiet , " fairness" is undoubtedly fair to call pseudo : only focus on their own economic interests , but they ignore the environmental costs of other countries.

Formulation of international rules is to make between countries to peaceful coexistence and common development. But in today's world , some countries are not only self-restraint rule , but the abuse of the rules , a double standard in order to safeguard their own interests . The lawsuit initiated by the United States against the EU is China 's rare earth export restrictions policy , but it is ironic that they also take such measures. The EU was trying to be a similar policy Naruduoha Round negotiations on non-agricultural market access framework , natural gas and other resources for the United States to adopt similar policies . After the outcome of the proceedings out of the U.S. " Foreign Policy " magazine for American policy tucao a lot , claiming that if the "rare earth " with " natural ", " Chinese enterprises" replaced " U.S. companies ", then Washington will find that their future will also be subject to this ruling .

The reason why some countries by the name of "fairness" , the abuse of the rule , the reason lies in the formulation of the rules they are dominant . Such a rule itself has limitations and can not achieve true justice. As a developing country , how to better protect their own interests in international trade, the rare case of losing to us sounded the alarm.


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Some offer rare rose slightly , although the actual demand has not improved significantly lower purchases no improvement , but manufacturers still moderately raise its offer to test the market response. Currently the demand side of the market to wait and see , few purchases , expected short-term steady-based rare-earth prices , temporarily difficult to change significantly.

Dysprosium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax 165-175 yuan / ton, dysprosium iron mainstream manufacturers tax price 170-180 yuan / ton.

Praseodymium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 570,000-580,000 yuan / ton. Neodymium oxide 315,000-325,000 yuan / ton.

Lanthanum oxide manufacturers tax price 21,000-22,000 yuan / ton. Cerium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 21,000-22,000 yuan / ton.

Neodymium oxide, praseodymium mainstream manufacturers tax price 315,000-325,000 yuan / ton , praseodymium , neodymium metal mainstream manufacturers tax price 410,000-420,000 yuan / ton.

Fluorescent europium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 4,000-4,200 yuan / kg. Terbium oxide phosphor grade mainstream manufacturers tax price 3,000-3,200 yuan / kg.


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Those who oppose the enemy , we will support ; whatever the enemy supports , we will oppose it.

In a recent rare public battle , we can easily see similar expressions . We see the British media said China Rare failure is a major victory for the West achieved , we see Japanese media said China 's strategy failed completely , we often thwarted by a great mood and annoyed , brain rising from strong nationalist sentiments , while lost calmly .

For example, we are that this is a conspiracy Europe and other Western countries to China , is China 's encirclement ; such as we are considered , WTO is a tool for Western countries to implement the strategic encirclement of China , to escape encirclement way is completely out of the WTO, self-reliance , their own play your own . Some people even suspect the existence of some degree of losing diving ingredients. These specious argument is not entirely without factual support , will become more confusing .

These include the fact that , the appellant is the rare case indeed in Europe and America , is the cause of their complaints preliminary WTO ruling against China . But the solution is not emotional nationalism, and should be replaced by self-examination , to find their own problems and shortcomings . Since joined the WTO, recognized its framework, we must learn to adapt to the rules and use the rules to resolve the crisis itself , rather than relying on the tragic sense of rendering nationalist sentiment , and then cover up the problem solving and accountability .

Logical source of tragic consciousness , our rare earths from the world's highest storage capacity of a sharp decline in the world's first relegated to third in the world ( the most common argument is that from 80% to 23% ) , a result like cabbage price Like cheap sale and disorderly exploitation , and when we realize that these restrictions ( quotas ) , the Western countries not to accept a trade war from open play . This time we failed even sit real judgment being bullied .

But tragic consciousness without contributing rare case in our favor . Reasons leading to this decision is made ​​WTO , China's rare earth export quotas imposed , this practice is a violation of WTO rules . Although the practice of WTO members , there are many restrictions and export quota system to take precedent , and even lack of certain commodities lock-up measures will be taken , but returned rare cases , these cases may not be able to as an example . It is also connected to a lot of Chinese trade experts hope for a successful appeal is not the reason.

Although the reason , we have taken the export quota system has a natural and reasonable : Environmental Protection . Needless to say, the past few decades, we have cheap disorderly exploitation on the environment caused great damage. But the quota system , it is difficult not to become WTO litigation handle, and this handle in recent years have not played a substantial role ( exports under quota ) , some have accordingly called on the opportunity right now to cancel the quota system . From the current reality, a quota system is not really a good idea , we want to take a more clever way to protect the environment .

Another feature of environmental protection for the purpose of the quota system is that it is from the export sector restrictions. We should also think about is why many countries have sufficient storage capacity , but only if we export in large quantity , and only we are forced to adopt export restrictions . Do not restrict mining countries only partly explain the reasons , I believe that a more fundamental reason is that they do not have a very strong urge to sell . Mining process in the past and we are cheap disorder , the destruction of the environment of unbridled process , with the big sale of the corresponding resource . Even today, still difficult to suppress local governments, businesses, and stealing by mining impulse.

This gives us an idea of ​​open - when we export restrictions , or implementing environmental protection objectives , from production processes limit rule more than the limit from the export sector to circumvent the WTO. While we put the rare earth as a national strategy , comprehensive measures from the mining areas to the export sector , but more practical to limit mining areas . From the quota system , in addition to losing the WTO , but also did not play a relevant role . For example, due to the primary products subject to quota restrictions , some countries began to take up plants in China in the guise of resource exports. To strengthen the management of production processes is particularly important .

Behind these measures should still be given full respect of the country 's rare earth strategy. In this rare big debate, another plausible idea that the reason we restrict exports of rare earths because the rapid decline in the proportion of storage capacity in the world , and if it turns out there is no accounting for the decline is not should not continue restrict exports of rare earths ? There is an article also said that China is not the shortage of rare earth reserves of light rare earths and heavy rare earths , are equivalent to the consumption of the world's end in 1000 , the rare earth has become a general resource ; there are many companies to inform the media , rare earth is not in short supply.

Since rare earths have been included in the national strategy , I do not intend to do more to explore the views . I think that , even if the argument is not shortage of establishment , is still just starting arguments with respect to the exploitation and use of capacity in terms of volume , that does not mean we ought to indulge wanton exploitation of cheap exports of rare earth , does not mean that we sell fine roughing machining realistic in relation to international trade buying continues , not the protection and use of strategically .

Strategic protection of rare earths , should continue. If the appeal fails , the quota system was canceled foregone conclusion . Although I believe that the abolition of the quota system is not the end of the world , should not be given too much fear, we still have a few months to take advantage of this grace period , re-adjust strategies to prevent the disorder occurs after the abolition of the quota system industry again and barbaric growth conditions . We must be soberly aware that losing face and blase smell and there are many .


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I was on the village of Yongding County or Township , since the beginning of the second half of 2013 our village at the junction with West Township horse Ishiyama foot ( Hill tube attached to our village, private -owned ) someone in the private mining rare earth mine , put us on the village drinking water contaminated ( with the water bath will pockmarked from the body , itching intolerable , think the villagers drank the water that happens ) , raised fish pond , creek where the fish are all dead , mine damage to vegetation .

We reported several times to the government did not completely resolved, the county government leaders have repeatedly sent law enforcement brigade County Land Bureau to regulation , but they are flirtation , nowhere near it, it just hook the PVC pipe break , do not hurt The fundamental , it is not the real thing . Law enforcement unit , the stealing by 2-3 days in advance to know, and then put the equipment moved to other places important to the law enforcement team was gone, who has openly stealing fanfare production .

Perhaps some leaders have been bribed ? Law enforcement officers are in cahoots the team ? Sadly , what a pity Yeah , so do not act, so let malfeasance by stealing more crazy now , and now those who are stealing our villagers openly challenge the " just tell you to go see if you can win the case to me, eggs and stones can touch it? " so arrogant. Hope superiors attention to this situation , but also we a mountains .


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Weiqi Ning said the outcome of trade disputes has long been expected to insiders , the corporate level also has taken steps to advance the impact of indigestion , rare and storage policies at the national level will further enable enterprises out of this predicament . "However, given China's rare earth industry, which sounded the alarm , industrial upgrading, optimization and adjustment , mergers and acquisitions, technology development , and many other core work urgently accelerated . "

If the export duties and export quotas really canceled , how to maintain China's rare earth products in the international market competitiveness ? How to change the unfavorable situation of rare earth "cabbage price" outlet ? Analysts believe that to solve these problems , you need to improve purchasing and storage policies to promote and further the implementation of the Group's integrated research and development work .

Recently, the U.S. , EU, Japan v. China's rare earth export quotas for trade disputes to let China 's rare earth industry once again feel the impending pressure - in accordance with the rules of the World Trade Organization if China is no longer appeal or final results unchanged China will be the elimination of export taxes , export quotas and other management measures.

For a long time , rare earth deep processing industry in the field of short board is pain in my heart for all enterprises : China claims 90 percent of the global supply of rare earth resources, but the main exports are mostly low value-added semi-finished products , to buy from Europe and other countries back , it is increasing the price of a few hundred deep processing products. If the export duties and export quotas really canceled , how to maintain China's rare earth products in the international market competitiveness ? How to change the unfavorable situation of rare earth "cabbage price" outlet ?

"cabbage price " come from

"My colored net" Rare researcher Li Qing in an interview with reporters, said the International Business Daily , Chinese exports of rare earth products at low prices and industrial structure scattered, chaotic, not unrelated . "Domestic business concentration is very low , a vicious cycle can lead to price competition brought about by increasingly lower quote . " Li Qing said," In addition, the illegal trade of rare earth still exist on the market , were unable to be resolved from the roots. "

In addition, the structural supply and demand of rare earth industry also increased the degree of rare earth prices " runaway" . Enterprises would demand certain kinds of distribution points where large and over-exploitation , causing other partition surplus.

" Differences rare earth mineral content between the various distribution points are often large. For example, a rare earth mine in the light rare earth lanthanum and cerium serious excess , praseodymium , neodymium and dysprosium there is a big gap. Although a large number of mining praseodymium , neodymium and dysprosium can alleviate to some extent, supply and demand, but the extent of causing a surplus of other rare earth elements to deepen , which dragged down the overall price of rare earths . " Li Qing said.

Investment Advisor in the metallurgical industry researcher Weiqi Ning said that in addition to the lack of a unified , strong industrial policy, leading to Luancai illegal mining , human smuggling and other bad behavior will be dragged into a vicious cycle pattern of the entire industry , the domestic rare earth enterprises in the science and technology research and development, technology research , etc. insufficient emphasis areas are also an important reason for China's rare earth industry dragged down the global value chain to climb .

" China's rare earth deep processing of a small number of products , companies merely to puerile profit model, and thus missed the best opportunity occupied the commanding heights of industry . " Weiqi Ning said . To solve these problems, countries need to further improve the implementation of the R & D work in the purchasing and storage policies to promote the integration of the group simultaneously.

Learn to adapt to the new situation and new rules

Insiders said that to ensure that China occupies a favorable position in international trade , and enhance China 's rare earth industry in the international market competitiveness, we must adapt to the rules of the game under the new situation .

As early as a few years ago, China 's rare earth industry consolidation began , intended to build the whole industry chain of rare earth and really change the status of the rare earth scattered over the years . 2014 , the State Council approved the formation of a national program of work of large rare earth group , a clear north Steel ( Group ) Corporation, China Minmetals , Chinalco , Ganzhou Rare Earth , Guangdong and Xiamen Tungsten Rare were led to further promote mergers and acquisitions , formation of large rare earth enterprise Group .

Li Qing said that if the formation of the six Group , the country is expected to create a new pricing mechanism for rare earths , foreign customers want to buy Chinese products , you can go to negotiate and sign a long-term agreement on behalf of several large companies throughout the domestic industry , and the current " a meeting of one price "approach compared to , of course, to get a bigger say in the international market .

In addition, Li Qing suggested the rare earth industry can also try new financial instruments . "At present, Baotou and Ganzhou Rare Earth have set up exchanges . Should support these exchanges, if the futures and spot trading volume on the big upgrade these platforms , we may be done by the average exchange settlement price . These new international business model are worth exploring. "

Enhance the degree of integration also allows the industry to deal with WTO requirements liberalization of export quotas to add some " clout ." The industry believes that liberalization of China's export quota of rare earth industry competition will become more intense , but not for the industry to produce " devastating " impact. "In the past companies scramble for more export quotas for foreign exchange , if the six group formed , will bear some responsibility for the development of the industry . " Li Qing said.

Weiqi Ning said the outcome of trade disputes has long been expected to insiders , the corporate level also has taken steps to advance the impact of indigestion , rare and storage policies at the national level will further enable enterprises out of this predicament . "However, given China's rare earth industry, which sounded the alarm , industrial upgrading, optimization and adjustment , mergers and acquisitions, technology development , and many other core work urgently accelerated . "


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By the end of March , the U.S. and Japan on the EU lawsuit against Chinese export quota of rare earth and other management measures related products filed with the preliminary results , the World Trade Organization (WTO) ruled against China . The ruling received a US-Japan EU welcomed before they complain that China 's export restrictions enable Chinese enterprises to gain an unfair advantage. However , in this two-year litigation, we see it is part of the country in the name of fairness , abuse of international rules , a double standard , seeking their own interests.

Over the years, there are rare earth industry , " gold" , in the field of cutting-edge technology and defense are widely used. If the 20th century was the century of oil , then the 21st century is the century of rare earths . However, due to other reasons related technology , environmental technology as a key raw material in the rare earth mining process has caused great environmental damage .

In fact , the U.S. reserves of rare earth -rich, rare earth mining was once a big country , but recognizing the high environmental cost of rare earth mining after the United States adopted a series of measures to halt the rare earth mining . In China, more than 90% of long-term supply of rare earths to the global market , has paid a heavy environmental price . To this end, China has adopted a series of policies and measures remediation rare earth industry , which is completely out of the need to protect resources, environment and sustainable development. Rising prices of rare earth , rare earth goodbye to the West " cabbage price " era , they shouted unfair . While China 's share of global long-term to 36% of the total rare earth reserves , supply the world market with more than 90% of the rare earths , which is fair? For them this quiet , " fairness" is undoubtedly fair to call pseudo : only focus on their own economic interests , but they ignore the environmental costs of other countries.

Formulation of international rules is to make between countries to peaceful coexistence and common development. But in today's world , some countries are not only self-restraint rule , but the abuse of the rules , a double standard in order to safeguard their own interests . The lawsuit initiated by the United States against the EU is China 's rare earth export restrictions policy , but it is ironic that they also take such measures. The EU was trying to be a similar policy Naruduoha Round negotiations on non-agricultural market access framework , natural gas and other resources for the United States to adopt similar policies . After the outcome of the proceedings out of the U.S. " Foreign Policy " magazine for American policy tucao a lot , claiming that if the "rare earth " with " natural ", " Chinese enterprises" replaced " U.S. companies ", then Washington will find that their future will also be subject to this ruling .

The reason why some countries by the name of "fairness" , the abuse of the rule , the reason lies in the formulation of the rules they are dominant . Such a rule itself has limitations and can not achieve true justice. As a developing country , how to better protect their own interests in international trade, the rare case of losing to us sounded the alarm. ( Hui )


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RE market is not the case today offer more businesses bullish on the market sidelines , shipping is not active . There are traders reflect the intention stockpile now , but more difficult to purchase cheap praseodymium , neodymium and dysprosium oxide , there is speculation on the market factors that are pushing up prices.

Praseodymium neodymium products market , recent market as a whole showed upward trend, but some businesses offer unclear , hope rose mentality evident. According to the supplier of Baotou , in recent days has no goods can be out , and some Ganzhou local traders also said that there is not much cargo can be out on the market now , neodymium oxide, praseodymium quote he received last week rose more than 1 yuan / ton, with no votes at 285,000 . According to Ganzhou with praseodymium neodymium metal suppliers understand , praseodymium , neodymium metal on their weekend quoted in 415,000 yuan / ton, and now the price has not accepted the shipment .

Dysprosium products , traders are more inquiries on dysprosium oxide , can accept a slight increase compared to the purchase price of last week , according to industry buyers an introduction, if you have 1.4 million yuan without a ticket / ton supply may be appropriate procurement However, the current lack of such stock price , higher offer he had received 150 yuan / ton. It describes the current dysprosia other businesses with a vote 170-175 yuan / ton, dysprosium iron at around 175-180 thousand. Also appeared reluctant to sell gadolinium products market sentiment , according to trade often to do a business of gadolinium oxide , said the market now offer confusion , are up hope , offer basic gadolinium oxide in 150,000 / ton, not someone cheap a large number of situations.

Today , as of 15:05 so far , all three products offer the Baotou Rare Earth Products Exchange listed and traded up and down , which showed a slight rise in the price of europium oxide trend , the current price of europium oxide in the 4196-4245 yuan / kg. Currently ceria though slightly lower , but the magnitude is less than 1 yuan / kg , praseodymium , neodymium oxide quoted at 332.8-337.5 yuan / kg.


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Inner Mongolia , a rare corporate executives told reporters , " Our way is not that rare earth industry consolidation, but how deep into the rough machining . "

At present , China's rare earth raw materials and processing industry remained roughly three bases and two north-south pattern of production systems , with the implementation of national policy , there is a further focus on the trend . However, according to the Ministry of Industrial Research Institute CCID director Yuan Kaihong materials research , the three main bases for the production base , its main products are mostly raw and rough in the primary stage of product development and other downstream applications that slow development .

In NdFeB , for example, it is divided into two kinds of NdFeB sintered NdFeB and bonded . Wherein the bonded magnets are neodymium NdFeB alloy powder , epoxy resin , plastic and other additives, such mixed binder , using a molding method such as compression molding , calender molding, injection molding and is prepared made of composite permanent magnet.

Galaxy magnet there had projects , namely through the use of bonded NdFeB magnets, praseodymium , neodymium alloy available annually about 1,200 tons , can greatly reduce the cost of electricity . However, due to the volatility of rare earth price " roller coaster " type , have a significant impact on the bonded NdFeB industry , this project also because the user can not accept early mortality .

"In the rare earth prices skyrocketing , even as selling products directly sell resources. " aforementioned corporate executives say , by the influence of rare earth spike , rare earth downstream processing sectors hard hit .

In an interview with reporters in the eyes of many industry people , China 's rare earth deep processing level varies greatly, NdFeB industry is in a leading position in many respects , but in rare profits , driven by continued expansion of raw commodities sectors , relative downstream applications but sharp contraction . " Not only is the fight of faith , as well as reputation, up to now no fully recovered . "

Another rare earth deep processing of distress " bothering " is caused by a duplication of serious excess capacity .

袁开洪said that although China's rare earth permanent magnet production ranked first in the world , but the market share of high-performance permanent magnet materials is less than 10 %. Many provinces , even without the resources and core technology , the new project is still a lot of construction NdFeB , resulting in a more serious homogenization phenomenon vicious competition .

"We hey some companies are a division of labor , and now every place in the enclosure, do engage in NdFeB Rare Earth Zone , a dozen things turn out two million tons, which is the largest repeated construction waste . " People who had the rare earth enterprises , told this reporter.

In fact , there is not just part of the rare earth separation overcapacity , luminescent materials , there are also a lot of excess capacity. Among them, the 2011 rare earth luminescent materials production capacity of 6,000 tons, but after only a year on more than 20,000 tons of production capacity , a lot of new capacity projects are launched from 4,000 tons.

SEE "1 +5" program in six business groups , are all involved in the deep processing field . In Xiamen Tungsten , for example, since 2006 the company entered the rare earth industry , focusing on the development of rare earth deep processing industry , now has 5,000 tons of hydrogen storage alloy powder project , 1,000 tons phosphor projects.

In addition, has made it clear to fade upstream control over the future development strategy of Rare-Earth also focus on developing applications of rare earth materials , rare earth materials to expand the field of high-end applications , application of technology to enhance the level of rare earth , rare earth products to increase the added value . Baogang Group even promised to support the focus on the development of rare earth smelting Baotou Steel Rare Earth , separation, materials and applications, Baotou Steel Rare-Earth Group for the rare earth smelting , separation and integration party applications business.

The real problem is that the current domestic rare earth processing enterprises concentrated in NdFeB , luminescent materials and NiMH batteries three industries , high-tech industries rarely dabbled in other applications . Rare earth deep processing industry homogeneity, has seriously hampered the development of rare-earth applications.

" China 's rare earth industry chain is very short , the real high value-added chain is the end product , but all these years we still sell primary products of rare earth , which in turn also to thousands of times the price to buy deep- processed products from abroad . " preceding business people said.

He believes the key to the rare earth deep-processing industry is to look at the application side , the current application link is not up for three main reasons : First, alternative materials for the market to seize the high-end market is difficult technical issues , then there are sluggish exports , domestic consumption has always been short board ; also lanthanum magnesium nickel- hydrogen storage battery domestic industrial enterprises there are problems .


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China supplies more than 90 percent of the world's rare earth resources , but because there is no obtain rare earth pricing , selling resources into "cabbage price ." Assistant President of China Minmetals Mr Wang 's remarks earlier interview , revealed the rare earth industry in the short-board processing areas: one dollar of rare earth materials , we roughing up to sell 10 yuan 20 yuan , to the European and American made ​​products , we would spend 1,000 yuan to buy it back. Scattered, chaotic , poor and disorderly competition , abuse of indiscriminate digging , environmental pollution , excess capacity and redundant construction and other issues are still not fully resolved , the most important is the downstream application industries , there is a big gap from many international advanced level, these rare is the main cause of China devalued .

From mobile phones to computers, from hybrids to cruise missiles , almost all modern equipment needed to rare earth elements. REE is a precision-guided weapons manufacturer called " smart bomb" , a variety of equipment such as radar and night vision goggles indispensable element . Today's world, every six invention of new technology , there is an inseparable rare earth , rare earth is an important strategic resource in the 21st century . China Rare Earth occupies a large number of " world first" , reserves accounted for 53.5% of total world reserves. However , China's rare earth has been extremely low prices to supply the global market , for example in 2009 , the Ministry regulations, then the total rare earth mining control index was 8.23 ​​million tons, but production of the country last released 120,000 tons, accounting for 97% of global production. As among the world's rare earth reserves in the United States three years but few open local mining rare earth mine idea, mainly rely on imports . China began to restrict the export of rare earth , the United States took the EU to the WTO on China report .

Now let 's get out of China's rare earth materials development dilemma is a priority. In terms of policy , the state has adopted policies to restrict production of rare earth export quotas ; within the framework of the WTO , member states can take certain measures to effectively prevent the depletion of their own country , these measures do not violate WTO rules ; institutionally implementation of strategic reserves of rare earth resources in the system , some of the current application can be less difficult sales purchasing and storage of rare earth elements , conducive to the comprehensive protection of China's rare earth resources.

In production mining, mining companies should increase R & D funding , improving rare earth materials processing, finishing degree , scientific evaluation of mineral resource potential for the delineation of a number of indicators of rare earth industry threshold. On export , increase export censorship, restrictions malicious competition for export enterprises and even cancel its export qualification . Internationally, wary of foreign " Bypass " shift the rare earths. In the case of China's strict controls on the export of rare earth materials , factories or acquisitions by foreign companies in China , simple processing of rare earth products "disguised export" behavior intensified. Therefore, for foreign intervention must be strictly.

If further expand horizons , in fact, China on exports of rare earths problem under the " grievance " is not the case , the WTO decade, China frequently encountered criticism in international trade , many lessons worthy of reflection .


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Reporters learned yesterday from the parties concerned , which lasted for two years in Europe and America to the WTO ( WTO ) trade dispute prosecution of China's rare earth export policy , WTO on the 26th of this month announced a panel report that China -related measures are not consistent with WTO rules and China's WTO Accession commitment. In this regard, the Chinese side expresses regret and will continue to do follow-up work .

For a long time , China 's rare earth resources to bear 23% of the world's supply of more than 90 % of the market , resulting in serious environmental pollution problems. Therefore, the Chinese government in recent years to strengthen and improve the high pollution, high energy consumption of integrated ( market area ) management of resource products . Which on rare earths and other products for the export quota management. China's approach is well-founded , because although WTO rules requires its members to eliminate export restrictions , but provides for two exemptions , namely, " to protect people , animal or plant life or health measures " and " with protective measures exhaustible natural resources if such measures with restrictions on domestic production or consumption together to implement . "

In fact, this measure did not affect the market price of rare earth. In 2013 , the international market demand is still rare enough. As of the end of October last year , China 's total exports of 17,911 tons of rare earth , accounting for only 57.8% of the total annual export quota , some of the export quota is not used.

However , China's rise to reasonable measures dissatisfaction with long accustomed to large imports of rare earths Europe and other developed countries. March 2012 , the proportion of Chinese rare earths , tungsten and other share of global reserves of these countries and regions greater export restrictions affecting the development of related industries by countries to resort to WTO dispute settlement mechanism.

Voice of developing countries is still weak

March 26 this year , the WTO panel report released U.S., EU , Japan v. China rare earths , tungsten, molybdenum export management measures related to the case , ruled that the product concerned Chinese export tariffs , export quotas and export quota management and allocation measures are not comply with the relevant WTO rules and China 's WTO commitments . However , although the " first instance " loser , but a WTO panel also approved a comprehensive resource and environmental protection measures in China for rare earths, tungsten, molybdenum taken and dismissed the application for EU companies molybdenum export quotas " export performance " requirements discriminate against foreign companies proposition.

Industry experts have pointed out that Chinese restrictions on exports of rare earths exhaustible natural resources, such as well-founded , the preliminary results of the lawsuit , said the development and implementation of WTO rules , there are still some unfairness , voice of developing countries overall still weak.

In this regard, the person in charge of the Ministry of Commerce issued a statement that the Chinese side regrets . China -related measures both the conservation of exhaustible natural resources and environmental needs , but also important for maintaining global sustainability efforts made ​​. " China will continue to comply with the WTO rules on ways to strengthen the management of resource products , maintain fair competition ."


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